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Description Author: Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-85957-242-9 Published: 2000Pages 168 Summary This 6th successful Addcon World conference discussed the threats, opportunities, and trends in the additives business today. New products and processes were also revealed along with a discussion of legislation and its impact on the additives business. Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics...
$177.00
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{"id":11242235652,"title":"Addcon World 2000","handle":"978-1-85957-242-9","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-242-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2000\u003cbr\u003ePages 168\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis 6th successful Addcon World conference discussed the threats, opportunities, and trends in the additives business today. New products and processes were also revealed along with a discussion of legislation and its impact on the additives business. Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additives industry and have been successfully run by Rapra Technology Limited for the past 5 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe papers presented at this year’s conference will appeal to suppliers of additives, compounders and end-users along with people who want to learn how to use additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlexible Vinyl Medical Products: Discussion about the Extraction Characteristics of Various Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003eRichard C. Adams, BP Amoco Chemicals, USA \u003cbr\u003eBenzoate Plasticizer for Reducing Plastisol Viscosity and Fusion Temperature\u003cbr\u003eTom Bohnert, B. Stanhope, K. Gruszecki, S. Pitman, V. Elsworth, Velsicol Chemical Corporation, USA, and Velsicol Chemical Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDetermination of Phenolic Antioxidant Stabilizers in PP and HDPE by Means of an Oxidative Model Reaction\u003cbr\u003eE. B. Zeinalov 1 , Hartmut F. Schroeder 2* and H. Bahr 2 , 1 Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Petrochemical Processes (IPCPAcS), Baku, 2 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAchieving More Value From Additives Via New Physical Forms\u003cbr\u003eCorrado Callierotti 1 , Luciano Pallini 1 , Giovanni Sandre 1 , Robert Lee 2 , Ming Wu 2 , Klaus Keck-Antoine 3 \u0026amp; Brian Johnson 3 , 1 Great Lakes Manufacturing Italia, Italy, 2 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, USA, 3 Great Lakes Technology Belgium, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStabilizer Package Development - Importance of the Test Criteria Selection\u003cbr\u003eJán Malík and Isolde Bachert, Technical Service Polymer Additives, Clariant Huningue SA, France \u003cbr\u003eThe Impact of Environmental Issues on the Growth of Plastics Additives\u003cbr\u003eThomas Galvanek, Fred Gastrock and Louis N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA \u003cbr\u003eEvaluation of Stabilizer Performance in Polymers Using Chemiluminescence\u003cbr\u003eNorman C. Billingham, 1 Peter Fearon, 1 David J. Whiteman, Niall Marshall 2 and Stephen P. Bigger 3 , 1 School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, UK, 2 Polifin Limited, South Africa, 3 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Victoria University, Australia \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymer Additives Based on Renewable Materials; Opportunities and Trends\u003cbr\u003eJ. van Haveren, Agrotechnological Research Institute, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eCriteria and Examples of Optimal Choice of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003eAchim Litzenburger, Eurobrom BV, Netherlands \u003cbr\u003eNew Metal Hydroxides with Improved Performance for Flame Retardancy in Plastics\u003cbr\u003eRené Herbiet, alusuisse martinswerk gmbh, Germany \u003cbr\u003eProductivity Gains in BOPP Film Production Through Stabilization with Lactone Technology\u003cbr\u003eDoris Eisermann, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Limited, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eThe Role of Market Research in the Additives Business\u003cbr\u003eRichard Beswick, bms AG, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:30-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:30-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2000","additives","air monitoring","book","electronics","environment","health","p-structural","plastic","plastics","polymer","rubber","safety","stabilizers"],"price":17700,"price_min":17700,"price_max":17700,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378419716,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Addcon World 2000","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":17700,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-242-9","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-242-9.jpg?v=1498183879"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-242-9.jpg?v=1498183879","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350137614429,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-242-9.jpg?v=1498183879"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-242-9.jpg?v=1498183879","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-242-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2000\u003cbr\u003ePages 168\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis 6th successful Addcon World conference discussed the threats, opportunities, and trends in the additives business today. New products and processes were also revealed along with a discussion of legislation and its impact on the additives business. Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additives industry and have been successfully run by Rapra Technology Limited for the past 5 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe papers presented at this year’s conference will appeal to suppliers of additives, compounders and end-users along with people who want to learn how to use additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlexible Vinyl Medical Products: Discussion about the Extraction Characteristics of Various Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003eRichard C. Adams, BP Amoco Chemicals, USA \u003cbr\u003eBenzoate Plasticizer for Reducing Plastisol Viscosity and Fusion Temperature\u003cbr\u003eTom Bohnert, B. Stanhope, K. Gruszecki, S. Pitman, V. Elsworth, Velsicol Chemical Corporation, USA, and Velsicol Chemical Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDetermination of Phenolic Antioxidant Stabilizers in PP and HDPE by Means of an Oxidative Model Reaction\u003cbr\u003eE. B. Zeinalov 1 , Hartmut F. Schroeder 2* and H. Bahr 2 , 1 Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Petrochemical Processes (IPCPAcS), Baku, 2 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAchieving More Value From Additives Via New Physical Forms\u003cbr\u003eCorrado Callierotti 1 , Luciano Pallini 1 , Giovanni Sandre 1 , Robert Lee 2 , Ming Wu 2 , Klaus Keck-Antoine 3 \u0026amp; Brian Johnson 3 , 1 Great Lakes Manufacturing Italia, Italy, 2 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, USA, 3 Great Lakes Technology Belgium, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStabilizer Package Development - Importance of the Test Criteria Selection\u003cbr\u003eJán Malík and Isolde Bachert, Technical Service Polymer Additives, Clariant Huningue SA, France \u003cbr\u003eThe Impact of Environmental Issues on the Growth of Plastics Additives\u003cbr\u003eThomas Galvanek, Fred Gastrock and Louis N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA \u003cbr\u003eEvaluation of Stabilizer Performance in Polymers Using Chemiluminescence\u003cbr\u003eNorman C. Billingham, 1 Peter Fearon, 1 David J. Whiteman, Niall Marshall 2 and Stephen P. Bigger 3 , 1 School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, UK, 2 Polifin Limited, South Africa, 3 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Victoria University, Australia \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymer Additives Based on Renewable Materials; Opportunities and Trends\u003cbr\u003eJ. van Haveren, Agrotechnological Research Institute, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eCriteria and Examples of Optimal Choice of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003eAchim Litzenburger, Eurobrom BV, Netherlands \u003cbr\u003eNew Metal Hydroxides with Improved Performance for Flame Retardancy in Plastics\u003cbr\u003eRené Herbiet, alusuisse martinswerk gmbh, Germany \u003cbr\u003eProductivity Gains in BOPP Film Production Through Stabilization with Lactone Technology\u003cbr\u003eDoris Eisermann, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Limited, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eThe Role of Market Research in the Additives Business\u003cbr\u003eRichard Beswick, bms AG, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: Conference Proceedings ISBN 978-1-85957-295-5 Berlin, 8th-9th October 2001pages 400 Summary Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additive industry, to your own type of business. The people who attend may be suppliers of additives, or compounders, or end-users or they may be people who want to know how to use additives. Rapra...
$175.00
in stock
{"id":11242235780,"title":"Addcon World 2001","handle":"978-1-85957-295-5","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-295-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBerlin, 8th-9th October 2001\u003cbr\u003epages 400\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAddcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additive industry, to your own type of business. The people who attend may be suppliers of additives, or compounders, or end-users or they may be people who want to know how to use additives. Rapra Technology Ltd. has run Addcon successfully for 6 years, to a proven formula, based on two days of short presentations. Papers are mostly technical, but there are a few commercial overviews too. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are always new business opportunities for additives. Thermosetting resins are becoming widely accepted in new building and construction markets and they are increasingly deployed in the refurbishment of older civil engineering structures. The wire and cable insulation industry need well stabilized and flame resistant polymers to help provide the infrastructure for new communications technology. Customers want more difficult combinations of properties – such as transparent but permanently antistatic products, or pigments capable of offering novel visual effects, without loss of functional properties. The drive for more cost-effective processing has produced more ingenious lubricants and other processing aids. The search for more effective stabilizers to prolong the useful life of polymer articles continues, and new cost-effective ways of incorporating additives are being developed, Additives remain at the forefront of the revolution in material usage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 1: From cost-cutting to knowledge-based services. How e-business will enable companies to gain competitive advantage and generate new revenues in the plastics additives industry\u003cbr\u003eW. Schachermayr \u0026amp; B. Hasson, SpecialChem, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 2: Additive blends: -rapid change, expanding opportunities\u003cbr\u003eRobert Constable, F Gastrock \u0026amp; L.N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 3: Special multiple component systems: a new solid supply form in the field of polymer additives Micheal Bauer, lnprotec A G, Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 4: Current Trends In the Global Plasticizer Industry\u003cbr\u003eTarun Khemiani, Chemimi Market Resources, Inc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 5: Benefits of No Dust Blends (NDB) - The Performance of Processing Stabilisers in new Physical Forms and Blends\u003cbr\u003eKlaus Keck-Antoine, B. Johnson, R. Lee, K. Pearson, N. Alien \u0026amp; N. Ortuoste, Great Lakes Chemical Corp., UK\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 6: Antioxidants as sources of plastics discoloration: structural effects\u003cbr\u003eJan Pospisl1, W.D. Habicher2, S. Nespurek3 and O.G. Piringer4, 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic, 2Technical University of Dresden, 3Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich; 4Fabes Forschungs-GmbH \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 7: Cost-effective additions of new mineral fibers for automotive applications\u003cbr\u003eRoel H C Cols, Lapinus Fibres B V, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 8: Neoalkoxytitanate and zirconate coupling agent additives in thermoplastics\u003cbr\u003eSalvatore J Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals Inc, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 9: Use of post-life wastes and production wastes in thermoplastic polymer compositions\u003cbr\u003eEwa Kowalska, Z Wielgosz \u0026amp; J Pelka, Industrial Chemical Research lnstitute, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 10: Calcium Carbonates for Microporous Breathable Films – Market and Product Requirements\u003cbr\u003eGil Morieras, Omya AG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 11: Specific Conductive , In Plastics Applications\u003cbr\u003eChristine van Bellingen, Erachem Europe SA, Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 12: Sustainable Fire Safety In Electrical and Electronic Equipment\u003cbr\u003eTroy De Soto, R Dawson and S D Landry, Albemarle Corp., Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 13: Evaluation of performance of halogenated and non-halogenated flame retardant additives in polypropylene (pp) homopolymer for battery applications by injection moulding\u003cbr\u003eR Rangaprasad, K Rangan and Y B Vasudeo, Reliance Industries Limited, India\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 14: New proprietary flame retardant systems meet plastics market requirements\u003cbr\u003eAchim Litzenburger, Eurobrom B V, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 15: Siloxanes as Additives for Plastics\u003cbr\u003eStefan Stadtmueller, Goldschmidt AG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 16: Performance of Fluoroelastomers successfully meets the predictions\u003cbr\u003eXavier Fanichet, DuPont Dow Elastomers, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 17: The Influence of nucleating agents on the dimensioned stability of pigmented mouldings\u003cbr\u003ePaul E. Tomfins, C E Fomo and P Bartlett, National Physical Laboratory, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 18: A revolutionary light stabilizer system for polyolefins and other resins\u003cbr\u003eL. Davis1, S.B. Samuels1, I. Vulic2 and Paolo Arnaboldi2, 1Cytec Industries, USA, 2Cytec Industries B. V., The Netherlands ; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 19: New solid solution HALS resulting in Improved UV stability due to optimized Incorporation in a polyolefin matrix\u003cbr\u003eJoachim Bayer, Clarient, Germany\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 20: A quantitative study of sterically hindered phenol and amino stabilizers In PP materials\u003cbr\u003eHartmut F. Schroeder, BAM, Germany and E.B. Zeynalov, IPCP AcS (Azerbaijan)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 21: Novel effect additives to increase the versatility of plastics\u003cbr\u003eUrs Hirt, Ciba Specialty Chemicals lnc, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 22: Polybutenes: a versatile modifier for plastics\u003cbr\u003eSerge Decroocq, BP Amoco, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 23: Problems \u0026amp; Pitfalls In the Design \u0026amp; Evaluation of Biocides for Plastics\u003cbr\u003eChris Kneale, Avecia Biocides, UK\u003cbr\u003e(paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 24: Beyond Colour- Dyestuff Molecules providing Shade\u003cbr\u003eAlban Glaser, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Germany\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 25: Permanent, transparent, non-blooming and non-hygroscopic antistatic agents based on thermally stable combined neoalkoxy organometallics\u003cbr\u003eSalvatore J. Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals lnc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:30-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:30-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","air monitoring","antistatic agents","book","carbon blacks","environment","flame retardants","health","plastic","plastics","polymer","safety","stabilizers"],"price":17500,"price_min":17500,"price_max":17500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378420100,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Addcon World 2001","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":17500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-295-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-295-5.jpg?v=1498183916"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-295-5.jpg?v=1498183916","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350137712733,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-295-5.jpg?v=1498183916"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-295-5.jpg?v=1498183916","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-295-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBerlin, 8th-9th October 2001\u003cbr\u003epages 400\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAddcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additive industry, to your own type of business. The people who attend may be suppliers of additives, or compounders, or end-users or they may be people who want to know how to use additives. Rapra Technology Ltd. has run Addcon successfully for 6 years, to a proven formula, based on two days of short presentations. Papers are mostly technical, but there are a few commercial overviews too. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are always new business opportunities for additives. Thermosetting resins are becoming widely accepted in new building and construction markets and they are increasingly deployed in the refurbishment of older civil engineering structures. The wire and cable insulation industry need well stabilized and flame resistant polymers to help provide the infrastructure for new communications technology. Customers want more difficult combinations of properties – such as transparent but permanently antistatic products, or pigments capable of offering novel visual effects, without loss of functional properties. The drive for more cost-effective processing has produced more ingenious lubricants and other processing aids. The search for more effective stabilizers to prolong the useful life of polymer articles continues, and new cost-effective ways of incorporating additives are being developed, Additives remain at the forefront of the revolution in material usage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 1: From cost-cutting to knowledge-based services. How e-business will enable companies to gain competitive advantage and generate new revenues in the plastics additives industry\u003cbr\u003eW. Schachermayr \u0026amp; B. Hasson, SpecialChem, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 2: Additive blends: -rapid change, expanding opportunities\u003cbr\u003eRobert Constable, F Gastrock \u0026amp; L.N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 3: Special multiple component systems: a new solid supply form in the field of polymer additives Micheal Bauer, lnprotec A G, Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 4: Current Trends In the Global Plasticizer Industry\u003cbr\u003eTarun Khemiani, Chemimi Market Resources, Inc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 5: Benefits of No Dust Blends (NDB) - The Performance of Processing Stabilisers in new Physical Forms and Blends\u003cbr\u003eKlaus Keck-Antoine, B. Johnson, R. Lee, K. Pearson, N. Alien \u0026amp; N. Ortuoste, Great Lakes Chemical Corp., UK\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 6: Antioxidants as sources of plastics discoloration: structural effects\u003cbr\u003eJan Pospisl1, W.D. Habicher2, S. Nespurek3 and O.G. Piringer4, 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic, 2Technical University of Dresden, 3Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich; 4Fabes Forschungs-GmbH \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 7: Cost-effective additions of new mineral fibers for automotive applications\u003cbr\u003eRoel H C Cols, Lapinus Fibres B V, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 8: Neoalkoxytitanate and zirconate coupling agent additives in thermoplastics\u003cbr\u003eSalvatore J Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals Inc, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 9: Use of post-life wastes and production wastes in thermoplastic polymer compositions\u003cbr\u003eEwa Kowalska, Z Wielgosz \u0026amp; J Pelka, Industrial Chemical Research lnstitute, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 10: Calcium Carbonates for Microporous Breathable Films – Market and Product Requirements\u003cbr\u003eGil Morieras, Omya AG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 11: Specific Conductive , In Plastics Applications\u003cbr\u003eChristine van Bellingen, Erachem Europe SA, Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 12: Sustainable Fire Safety In Electrical and Electronic Equipment\u003cbr\u003eTroy De Soto, R Dawson and S D Landry, Albemarle Corp., Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 13: Evaluation of performance of halogenated and non-halogenated flame retardant additives in polypropylene (pp) homopolymer for battery applications by injection moulding\u003cbr\u003eR Rangaprasad, K Rangan and Y B Vasudeo, Reliance Industries Limited, India\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 14: New proprietary flame retardant systems meet plastics market requirements\u003cbr\u003eAchim Litzenburger, Eurobrom B V, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 15: Siloxanes as Additives for Plastics\u003cbr\u003eStefan Stadtmueller, Goldschmidt AG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 16: Performance of Fluoroelastomers successfully meets the predictions\u003cbr\u003eXavier Fanichet, DuPont Dow Elastomers, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 17: The Influence of nucleating agents on the dimensioned stability of pigmented mouldings\u003cbr\u003ePaul E. Tomfins, C E Fomo and P Bartlett, National Physical Laboratory, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 18: A revolutionary light stabilizer system for polyolefins and other resins\u003cbr\u003eL. Davis1, S.B. Samuels1, I. Vulic2 and Paolo Arnaboldi2, 1Cytec Industries, USA, 2Cytec Industries B. V., The Netherlands ; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 19: New solid solution HALS resulting in Improved UV stability due to optimized Incorporation in a polyolefin matrix\u003cbr\u003eJoachim Bayer, Clarient, Germany\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 20: A quantitative study of sterically hindered phenol and amino stabilizers In PP materials\u003cbr\u003eHartmut F. Schroeder, BAM, Germany and E.B. Zeynalov, IPCP AcS (Azerbaijan)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 21: Novel effect additives to increase the versatility of plastics\u003cbr\u003eUrs Hirt, Ciba Specialty Chemicals lnc, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 22: Polybutenes: a versatile modifier for plastics\u003cbr\u003eSerge Decroocq, BP Amoco, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 23: Problems \u0026amp; Pitfalls In the Design \u0026amp; Evaluation of Biocides for Plastics\u003cbr\u003eChris Kneale, Avecia Biocides, UK\u003cbr\u003e(paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 24: Beyond Colour- Dyestuff Molecules providing Shade\u003cbr\u003eAlban Glaser, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Germany\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 25: Permanent, transparent, non-blooming and non-hygroscopic antistatic agents based on thermally stable combined neoalkoxy organometallics\u003cbr\u003eSalvatore J. Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals lnc., USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: B.G. Willoughby ISBN 978-1-85957-374-7 pages 250 Summary Health, safety, and the environment are key driving factors in the industry in the 21st Century. Monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace and in emissions from factories is used to calculate exposure to possible chemical toxins including carcinogens. Other factors must also be considered in chemical...
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{"id":11242214276,"title":"Air Monitoring in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","handle":"978-1-85957-374-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: B.G. Willoughby \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-374-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 250\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nHealth, safety, and the environment are key driving factors in the industry in the 21st Century. Monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace and in emissions from factories is used to calculate exposure to possible chemical toxins including carcinogens. Other factors must also be considered in chemical monitoring, such as the actual risk of harm and possible areas of high exposure, such as when opening ovens or dealing with equipment problems, situations where a build-up of the chemical can occur in an enclosed environment. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifferent types of monitoring equipment and ways of monitoring are available. For example, static monitoring can be carried out in one place over a period of time, or a recorder can be placed on an employee near to the breathing zone to measure individual exposure to chemicals. There are many factors which can lead to inaccurate interpretation of results from using equipment which does not distinguish between critical chemicals or which is not sufficiently sensitive, to not taking into account local factors such as employee's smoking habits. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo measure a chemical in air, it must first be trapped in some way and the trapped sample analysed. There are different methods of trapping from simple grab sampling of air to the use of filters, absorbents, and adsorbents. The trapped sample must be analysed and a variety of methods are available. Chemicals present at low levels can still be toxic. The aim is to choose a method that is capable of measuring across the range of exposure levels of concern. Government bodies such as NIOSH and OSHA in the USA and the HSE in the UK have published approved methods for specific chemical species. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are many chemicals in use in the rubber and plastics industries from the monomers polymerised to form plastics and rubbers, to the additives used to enhance the polymer properties. In addition, other potentially hazardous substances are formed by reactions between these base chemicals and with air. The formation of suspected carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds by some rubber formulations is a case in point. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book examines the types of chemicals found in the polymer industry and the potential hazards. It goes on to explain the common chemical reactions of concern to health and safety. Monitoring methods are described in some detail together with their limitations. This is essentially a practical book giving a background to the chemistry of the polymer industry and chemical monitoring methods. It will be of use to workers and managers across the industry in explaining what should be done and why. It will be of particular interest to occupational health and environmental monitoring specialists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 What to Look for – What’s There at the Start\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Risk Assessment\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Hazards from Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Accelerators and Activators\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Antioxidants and Antiozonants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Colourants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Crosslinking Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Fillers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.7 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.8 Heat Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.9 Monomers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.10 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.11 Retarders\u003cbr\u003e1.2.12 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Dusts (Airborne Particulates)\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 What is Dust?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 How Does Dust Originate?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Airborne Vapours\u003cbr\u003e1.3.5 Vapour Generation from Liquids \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 What to Look for – What’s Created During Processing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Thermal Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Thermal Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Thermal Decomposition of Peroxides\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Thermal Decomposition of Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermal Decomposition of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Thermo-Oxidative Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Side-Chain Oxidation of Organo-Nitrogen Compounds\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Crosslinking of Rubbers – Vulcanisation\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Peroxide Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Sulfur Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Amines and Delayed Action Cures\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Hazards from Volatile By-Products\u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Aliphatic Amines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Ammonia, CAS: 7664-41-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.4 Aniline, CAS: 626-38-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.5 Benzene, CAS: 71-43-2\u003cbr\u003e2.4.6 Biphenyl, CAS: 92-52-4\u003cbr\u003e2.4.7 tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol), CAS: 75-65-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.8 Carbon Disulfide, CAS: 75-15-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.9 Carbon Monoxide, CAS: 630-08-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.10 Chlorobenzene, CAS: 108-90-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.11 Hydrogen Halides\u003cbr\u003e2.4.12 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e2.4.13 a-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene), CAS: 98-83-9\u003cbr\u003e2.4.14 N-Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.15 Ozone, CAS: 10028-15-6\u003cbr\u003e2.4.16 2,2´,4,4´-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, CAS: 2437-79-8\u003cbr\u003e2.4.17 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile, CAS: 3333-52-6\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Catalytic Effects\u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Residence Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Air Monitoring Strategies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Concentration Profiling and Leak Detection\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Personal Exposure Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Compliance with Legislation\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Monitoring the Performance of Engineering Controls\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Capture Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Transport Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Static Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Velocity Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Total Air Flow – Determination of Mean Velocity within a Duct\u003cbr\u003e3.4.6 Volume Air Flow from Mean Velocity \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Indirect Methods – Trapping Species from Air\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Types of Airborne Pollutant\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Whole Air Samples – Grab Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Total Particulates Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Inertia Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Flow Rate Considerations\u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Filter Types\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Handling Fibrous Filters\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Sampling for Total Inhalable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Sampling for Respirable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Sampling in Ducts and Stacks – Isokinetic Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Static Samplers\u003cbr\u003e4.8 Gas and Vapour Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.1 Adsorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.2 Absorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.9 Portable Battery Pumps\u003cbr\u003e4.9.1 Flow Rate Adjustment\u003cbr\u003e4.9.2 Setting the Flow Rate\u003cbr\u003e4.9.3 Battery Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e4.10 Sampling and Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.1 Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.2 Field and Media Blanks\u003cbr\u003e4.10.3 Sample Transfer and Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Indirect Methods – Laboratory Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Overview of Chromatographic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Principles of Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Component Identification\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Quantification\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Gas Chromatography (GC)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 GC Carrier Gas\u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Sample Introduction for GC – Liquid Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Split Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Splitless Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Cool-on-Column Injection\u003cbr\u003e5.2.7 Sample Introduction for GC – Gaseous Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.8 Columns and Ovens\u003cbr\u003e5.2.9 Support Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.10 Stationary Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.11 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.2.12 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Gradient Elution\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Column Packing Material\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Choice of Mobile Phase\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Sample Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Ion Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Overview of Spectroscopic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Mechanics of Measurement\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES)\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA)\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e5.9.1 UV Fluorescence\u003cbr\u003e5.10 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)\u003cbr\u003e5.11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)\u003cbr\u003e5.12 Overview of Gravimetric Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.12.1 The Balance\u003cbr\u003e5.12.2 Analytical Sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e5.12.3 Cyclohexane Extraction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Indirect Methods – Data Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Data Available\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Pumped Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Diffusion Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Laboratory Analysis\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Calculation of an Airborne Concentration\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Units of Concentration – mg\/m3 and ppm\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Use of ppm in Diffusive Sample Uptake Rates\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Isocyanate Concentrations\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Desorption Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Exposure Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 US Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Rubber Process Dust and Rubber Fume – UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 N-Nitrosamines – German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Exposures\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Sampling Only During Working Periods\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Sampling During Both Working Periods and Breaks\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Assumptions\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Exposure Records\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Emission Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.7.1 UK Legislation\u003cbr\u003e6.7.2 US Legislation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Direct Methods\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Colorimetric Methods\u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Detector Tubes: Short-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Detector Tubes: Long-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Colorimetric Filters and Badge Samplers\u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Paper Tape Monitors\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Beam Attenuation or Deflection Devices\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Infrared Absorbance (IR)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Ultraviolet and Visible Absorbance (UV-VIS)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Beta-Ray Attenuation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Light Attenuating Photometers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Light Scattering\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Ionisation and Luminescent Detectors\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2Photo-Ionisation Detectors (PID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Chemiluminescent Detectors \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: Units and Conversions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS), UK Health and Safety Executive\u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: NIOSH and OSHA Monitoring Methods - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV: Promulgated Test Methods from the US Environmental Protection Agency - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eCAS Number Index\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Bryan Willoughby is a renowned polymer chemist. He has conducted the risk assessment and monitoring exercises in the UK, USA, and Continental Europe. He developed the method for rubber fume monitoring now used by the UK Health and Safety Executive. He has also published extensively on the topic of emissions from curing rubber and moulding plastic. Bryan has served on the Board of Directors of the British Institute of Occupational Hygiene and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a member of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene and the IOM, and an affiliate of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:22-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:22-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","air monitoring","book","emissions","environment","hazardous substances","health","plastics","risk assessment","rubber","rubber formulary","safety"],"price":12600,"price_min":12600,"price_max":12600,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378351364,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Air Monitoring in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12600,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-374-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350147674205,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: B.G. Willoughby \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-374-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 250\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nHealth, safety, and the environment are key driving factors in the industry in the 21st Century. Monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace and in emissions from factories is used to calculate exposure to possible chemical toxins including carcinogens. Other factors must also be considered in chemical monitoring, such as the actual risk of harm and possible areas of high exposure, such as when opening ovens or dealing with equipment problems, situations where a build-up of the chemical can occur in an enclosed environment. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifferent types of monitoring equipment and ways of monitoring are available. For example, static monitoring can be carried out in one place over a period of time, or a recorder can be placed on an employee near to the breathing zone to measure individual exposure to chemicals. There are many factors which can lead to inaccurate interpretation of results from using equipment which does not distinguish between critical chemicals or which is not sufficiently sensitive, to not taking into account local factors such as employee's smoking habits. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo measure a chemical in air, it must first be trapped in some way and the trapped sample analysed. There are different methods of trapping from simple grab sampling of air to the use of filters, absorbents, and adsorbents. The trapped sample must be analysed and a variety of methods are available. Chemicals present at low levels can still be toxic. The aim is to choose a method that is capable of measuring across the range of exposure levels of concern. Government bodies such as NIOSH and OSHA in the USA and the HSE in the UK have published approved methods for specific chemical species. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are many chemicals in use in the rubber and plastics industries from the monomers polymerised to form plastics and rubbers, to the additives used to enhance the polymer properties. In addition, other potentially hazardous substances are formed by reactions between these base chemicals and with air. The formation of suspected carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds by some rubber formulations is a case in point. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book examines the types of chemicals found in the polymer industry and the potential hazards. It goes on to explain the common chemical reactions of concern to health and safety. Monitoring methods are described in some detail together with their limitations. This is essentially a practical book giving a background to the chemistry of the polymer industry and chemical monitoring methods. It will be of use to workers and managers across the industry in explaining what should be done and why. It will be of particular interest to occupational health and environmental monitoring specialists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 What to Look for – What’s There at the Start\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Risk Assessment\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Hazards from Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Accelerators and Activators\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Antioxidants and Antiozonants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Colourants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Crosslinking Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Fillers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.7 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.8 Heat Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.9 Monomers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.10 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.11 Retarders\u003cbr\u003e1.2.12 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Dusts (Airborne Particulates)\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 What is Dust?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 How Does Dust Originate?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Airborne Vapours\u003cbr\u003e1.3.5 Vapour Generation from Liquids \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 What to Look for – What’s Created During Processing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Thermal Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Thermal Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Thermal Decomposition of Peroxides\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Thermal Decomposition of Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermal Decomposition of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Thermo-Oxidative Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Side-Chain Oxidation of Organo-Nitrogen Compounds\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Crosslinking of Rubbers – Vulcanisation\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Peroxide Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Sulfur Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Amines and Delayed Action Cures\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Hazards from Volatile By-Products\u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Aliphatic Amines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Ammonia, CAS: 7664-41-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.4 Aniline, CAS: 626-38-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.5 Benzene, CAS: 71-43-2\u003cbr\u003e2.4.6 Biphenyl, CAS: 92-52-4\u003cbr\u003e2.4.7 tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol), CAS: 75-65-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.8 Carbon Disulfide, CAS: 75-15-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.9 Carbon Monoxide, CAS: 630-08-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.10 Chlorobenzene, CAS: 108-90-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.11 Hydrogen Halides\u003cbr\u003e2.4.12 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e2.4.13 a-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene), CAS: 98-83-9\u003cbr\u003e2.4.14 N-Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.15 Ozone, CAS: 10028-15-6\u003cbr\u003e2.4.16 2,2´,4,4´-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, CAS: 2437-79-8\u003cbr\u003e2.4.17 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile, CAS: 3333-52-6\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Catalytic Effects\u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Residence Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Air Monitoring Strategies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Concentration Profiling and Leak Detection\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Personal Exposure Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Compliance with Legislation\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Monitoring the Performance of Engineering Controls\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Capture Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Transport Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Static Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Velocity Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Total Air Flow – Determination of Mean Velocity within a Duct\u003cbr\u003e3.4.6 Volume Air Flow from Mean Velocity \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Indirect Methods – Trapping Species from Air\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Types of Airborne Pollutant\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Whole Air Samples – Grab Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Total Particulates Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Inertia Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Flow Rate Considerations\u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Filter Types\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Handling Fibrous Filters\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Sampling for Total Inhalable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Sampling for Respirable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Sampling in Ducts and Stacks – Isokinetic Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Static Samplers\u003cbr\u003e4.8 Gas and Vapour Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.1 Adsorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.2 Absorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.9 Portable Battery Pumps\u003cbr\u003e4.9.1 Flow Rate Adjustment\u003cbr\u003e4.9.2 Setting the Flow Rate\u003cbr\u003e4.9.3 Battery Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e4.10 Sampling and Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.1 Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.2 Field and Media Blanks\u003cbr\u003e4.10.3 Sample Transfer and Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Indirect Methods – Laboratory Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Overview of Chromatographic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Principles of Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Component Identification\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Quantification\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Gas Chromatography (GC)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 GC Carrier Gas\u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Sample Introduction for GC – Liquid Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Split Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Splitless Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Cool-on-Column Injection\u003cbr\u003e5.2.7 Sample Introduction for GC – Gaseous Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.8 Columns and Ovens\u003cbr\u003e5.2.9 Support Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.10 Stationary Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.11 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.2.12 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Gradient Elution\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Column Packing Material\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Choice of Mobile Phase\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Sample Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Ion Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Overview of Spectroscopic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Mechanics of Measurement\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES)\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA)\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e5.9.1 UV Fluorescence\u003cbr\u003e5.10 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)\u003cbr\u003e5.11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)\u003cbr\u003e5.12 Overview of Gravimetric Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.12.1 The Balance\u003cbr\u003e5.12.2 Analytical Sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e5.12.3 Cyclohexane Extraction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Indirect Methods – Data Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Data Available\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Pumped Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Diffusion Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Laboratory Analysis\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Calculation of an Airborne Concentration\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Units of Concentration – mg\/m3 and ppm\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Use of ppm in Diffusive Sample Uptake Rates\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Isocyanate Concentrations\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Desorption Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Exposure Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 US Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Rubber Process Dust and Rubber Fume – UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 N-Nitrosamines – German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Exposures\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Sampling Only During Working Periods\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Sampling During Both Working Periods and Breaks\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Assumptions\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Exposure Records\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Emission Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.7.1 UK Legislation\u003cbr\u003e6.7.2 US Legislation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Direct Methods\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Colorimetric Methods\u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Detector Tubes: Short-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Detector Tubes: Long-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Colorimetric Filters and Badge Samplers\u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Paper Tape Monitors\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Beam Attenuation or Deflection Devices\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Infrared Absorbance (IR)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Ultraviolet and Visible Absorbance (UV-VIS)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Beta-Ray Attenuation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Light Attenuating Photometers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Light Scattering\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Ionisation and Luminescent Detectors\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2Photo-Ionisation Detectors (PID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Chemiluminescent Detectors \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: Units and Conversions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS), UK Health and Safety Executive\u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: NIOSH and OSHA Monitoring Methods - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV: Promulgated Test Methods from the US Environmental Protection Agency - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eCAS Number Index\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Bryan Willoughby is a renowned polymer chemist. He has conducted the risk assessment and monitoring exercises in the UK, USA, and Continental Europe. He developed the method for rubber fume monitoring now used by the UK Health and Safety Executive. He has also published extensively on the topic of emissions from curing rubber and moulding plastic. Bryan has served on the Board of Directors of the British Institute of Occupational Hygiene and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a member of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene and the IOM, and an affiliate of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society."}
Description Author: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited ISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 Pages: 126Format: Soft-backed Summary The use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.Biocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are...
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{"id":11242214020,"title":"Biocides in Plastics","handle":"978-1-85957-512-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","Biocides","book","degradation plastics","environment","p-additives","polymer"],"price":15300,"price_min":15300,"price_max":15300,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378351044,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Biocides in Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":15300,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-512-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350156849245,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors."}
Description Author: Susheel Kalia, Luc Avérous ISBN 978-0-470-63923-8 Hardcover 642 pages Summary This handbook focuses on biopolymers for both environmental and biomedical applications. It shows recent advances in technology in all areas from chemical synthesis or biosynthesis to end use applications. These areas have not been covered in a single book before and they include biopolymers...
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{"id":11242204420,"title":"Biopolymers: Biomedical and Environmental Applications","handle":"978-0-470-63923-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Susheel Kalia, Luc Avérous \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-63923-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"\u003eHardcover\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"productDetail-format\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"productDetail-format\"\u003e642 pages\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook focuses on biopolymers for both environmental and biomedical applications. It shows recent advances in technology in all areas from chemical synthesis or biosynthesis to end use applications. These areas have not been covered in a single book before and they include biopolymers for chemical and biotechnological modifications, material structures, characterization, processing, properties, and applications.\u003cbr\u003eAfter the introduction which summarizes the importance of biopolymer in the market, the book covers almost all the topics related to polysaccharides, biofibers, bioplastics, biocomposites, natural rubber, gums, bacterial and blood compatible polymers, and applications of biopolymers in various fields.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nIntroductory Preface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the Editors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I. Polysaccharides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biopolymer (Juergen Schiller, Nicola Volpi, Eva Hrabárova, and Ladislav Soltes).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Polysaccharide Graft Copolymers Synthesis, Properties and Applications (B. S. Kaith, Hemant Mittal, Jaspreet Kaur Bhatia, and Susheel Kalia).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Natural Polysaccharides: From Membranes to Active Food Packaging (Keith J. Fahnestock, Marjorie S. Austero, and Caroline L. Schauer).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Starch as Source of Polymeric Materials (Antonio A. J. Carvalho).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Grafted Polysaccharides: Smart Materials of Future, Synthesis and Applications (Gautam Sen, Ashoke Sharon, and Sagar Pal).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Chitosan: The Marine based Biopolymer for Applications (Debasish Sahoo, and P. L. Nayak).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II. Bioplastics and Biocomposites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Biopolymers Based-on Carboxylic Acids Derived from Renewable Resources (Sushil Kumar, Nikhil Prakash, and Dipaloy Datta).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Characteristics and Applications of PLA (Sandra Domenek, Cecile Courgneau, and Violette Ducruet).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Biobased Composites \u0026amp; Applications (Smita Mohanty, and Sanjay K. Nayak).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart III. Miscellaneous Biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Cassia Seed Gums: A Renewable Reservoir for Synthesizing High Performance Materials for Water Remediation (Vandana Singh, and Pramendra Kumar).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Bacterial Polymers: Resources, Synthesis and Applications (GVN Rathna, and Sutapa Gosh).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Gum Arabica: A Natural Biopolymer (A. Sarkar).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. Gluten: A Natural Biopolymer (S. Georgiev, and Tereza Dekova).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14. Natural Rubber: Production, Properties, and Applications (Thomas Kurian, and N. M. Mathew).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15. Electronic Structures and Conduction Properties of Biopolymers (Mohsineen Wazir, Vinita Arora, and A. K. Bakhshi).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart IV. Biopolymers for Specific Applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16. Applications of Biopolymers in Agriculture with Special Reference to Role of Plant Derived Biopolymers in Crop Protection (S. Niranjan Raj, S. N. Lavanya, J, Sudisha, and H. Shekar Shetty).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17. Modified Cellulose Fibers as a Biosorbent for the Organic Pollutants (Sami Boufi, and Sabrine Alila).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18. Polymers and Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical Technology (István Erös).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19. Biopolymers Employed in Drug Delivery (Betina Giehl Zanetti Ramos).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20. Natural Polymeric Vectors in Gene Therapy (Patit P. Kundu, and Kishor Sarkar).\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSusheel Kalia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Bahra University (Shimla Hills), India. He received his PhD from Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, India. He has 33 research papers to his credit in international journals along with 45 publications in proceedings of national \u0026amp; international conferences as well as several book chapters. He is a life member of the Asian Polymer Association and Indian Cryogenics Council. He has edited the book, Cellulose Fibers, Bio- and Nano- Polymer Composites (Springer 2011). He is currently working in the field of polymer composites, cellulose nanofibers, hydrogels and cryogenics.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLuc Avérous is Director of the Laboratory of Engineering Polymers for Advanced Technologies at the University of Strasbourg, France. He obtained his PhD in science and polymer engineering from the School of Mines of Paris in 1995. For the last 15 years his major research projects have dealt with multiphase systems (blends, multilayers, biocomposites, and nano-biocomposites) based on agro-resources (starch, lignins, chitosan, cellulose etc.) and biopolyesters (PLA, PHA, PCL etc.). He has been particularly involved in the study of the materials-process-properties chain. He has published more than 60 journal articles, 15 book chapters, has 2 patents to his name, and has co-edited 3 books. With his expertise in starch-based materials, and more generally in biopolymers, he is regularly invited to organise symposia and conferences.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:50-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:50-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2011","biomedical","biopolymers","boiosynthesis","book","environment","gluten","gum arabic","natural rubber","polysaccharides"],"price":21600,"price_min":21600,"price_max":21600,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378318724,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Biopolymers: Biomedical and Environmental Applications","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":21600,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-470-63923-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-63923-8.jpg?v=1499189395"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-63923-8.jpg?v=1499189395","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353915175005,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-63923-8.jpg?v=1499189395"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-63923-8.jpg?v=1499189395","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Susheel Kalia, Luc Avérous \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-63923-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"\u003eHardcover\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"productDetail-format\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"productDetail-format\"\u003e642 pages\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook focuses on biopolymers for both environmental and biomedical applications. It shows recent advances in technology in all areas from chemical synthesis or biosynthesis to end use applications. These areas have not been covered in a single book before and they include biopolymers for chemical and biotechnological modifications, material structures, characterization, processing, properties, and applications.\u003cbr\u003eAfter the introduction which summarizes the importance of biopolymer in the market, the book covers almost all the topics related to polysaccharides, biofibers, bioplastics, biocomposites, natural rubber, gums, bacterial and blood compatible polymers, and applications of biopolymers in various fields.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nIntroductory Preface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the Editors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart I. Polysaccharides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biopolymer (Juergen Schiller, Nicola Volpi, Eva Hrabárova, and Ladislav Soltes).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Polysaccharide Graft Copolymers Synthesis, Properties and Applications (B. S. Kaith, Hemant Mittal, Jaspreet Kaur Bhatia, and Susheel Kalia).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Natural Polysaccharides: From Membranes to Active Food Packaging (Keith J. Fahnestock, Marjorie S. Austero, and Caroline L. Schauer).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Starch as Source of Polymeric Materials (Antonio A. J. Carvalho).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Grafted Polysaccharides: Smart Materials of Future, Synthesis and Applications (Gautam Sen, Ashoke Sharon, and Sagar Pal).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Chitosan: The Marine based Biopolymer for Applications (Debasish Sahoo, and P. L. Nayak).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II. Bioplastics and Biocomposites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Biopolymers Based-on Carboxylic Acids Derived from Renewable Resources (Sushil Kumar, Nikhil Prakash, and Dipaloy Datta).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Characteristics and Applications of PLA (Sandra Domenek, Cecile Courgneau, and Violette Ducruet).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Biobased Composites \u0026amp; Applications (Smita Mohanty, and Sanjay K. Nayak).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart III. Miscellaneous Biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Cassia Seed Gums: A Renewable Reservoir for Synthesizing High Performance Materials for Water Remediation (Vandana Singh, and Pramendra Kumar).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Bacterial Polymers: Resources, Synthesis and Applications (GVN Rathna, and Sutapa Gosh).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Gum Arabica: A Natural Biopolymer (A. Sarkar).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. Gluten: A Natural Biopolymer (S. Georgiev, and Tereza Dekova).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14. Natural Rubber: Production, Properties, and Applications (Thomas Kurian, and N. M. Mathew).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15. Electronic Structures and Conduction Properties of Biopolymers (Mohsineen Wazir, Vinita Arora, and A. K. Bakhshi).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart IV. Biopolymers for Specific Applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16. Applications of Biopolymers in Agriculture with Special Reference to Role of Plant Derived Biopolymers in Crop Protection (S. Niranjan Raj, S. N. Lavanya, J, Sudisha, and H. Shekar Shetty).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17. Modified Cellulose Fibers as a Biosorbent for the Organic Pollutants (Sami Boufi, and Sabrine Alila).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18. Polymers and Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical Technology (István Erös).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19. Biopolymers Employed in Drug Delivery (Betina Giehl Zanetti Ramos).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20. Natural Polymeric Vectors in Gene Therapy (Patit P. Kundu, and Kishor Sarkar).\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSusheel Kalia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Bahra University (Shimla Hills), India. He received his PhD from Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, India. He has 33 research papers to his credit in international journals along with 45 publications in proceedings of national \u0026amp; international conferences as well as several book chapters. He is a life member of the Asian Polymer Association and Indian Cryogenics Council. He has edited the book, Cellulose Fibers, Bio- and Nano- Polymer Composites (Springer 2011). He is currently working in the field of polymer composites, cellulose nanofibers, hydrogels and cryogenics.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLuc Avérous is Director of the Laboratory of Engineering Polymers for Advanced Technologies at the University of Strasbourg, France. He obtained his PhD in science and polymer engineering from the School of Mines of Paris in 1995. For the last 15 years his major research projects have dealt with multiphase systems (blends, multilayers, biocomposites, and nano-biocomposites) based on agro-resources (starch, lignins, chitosan, cellulose etc.) and biopolyesters (PLA, PHA, PCL etc.). He has been particularly involved in the study of the materials-process-properties chain. He has published more than 60 journal articles, 15 book chapters, has 2 patents to his name, and has co-edited 3 books. With his expertise in starch-based materials, and more generally in biopolymers, he is regularly invited to organise symposia and conferences.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e"}
Description Author: Rapra Conferences ISBN 978-1-84735-392-4 23 papers Summary Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2009, Conference ProceedingsFoamed substances are now being sourced as an alternative substance for applications that previously had an established material. Blowing agents or blowing gases are excellent 'fillers' and have the dual benefits of saving material and reducing weight, the latter minimising...
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{"id":11242236676,"title":"Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2009","handle":"978-1-84735-392-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Rapra Conferences \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-392-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23 papers\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBlowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2009, Conference Proceedings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFoamed substances are now being sourced as an alternative substance for applications that previously had an established material. Blowing agents or blowing gases are excellent 'fillers' and have the dual benefits of saving material and reducing weight, the latter minimising shipping and other related expenses. Today there are numerous solutions on offer - new methods, technology, processes and additives, all of which will be looked at during this conference.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBlowing Agents and Foaming Processes, 2009 is a well established conference and the only event world-wide offering such a prestigious range of academic, practical and industrial papers. All technical papers presented at this event are included in the proceedings and focus on; blowing agents and gases specialities, nano structures, foam injection moulding, new extrusion findings and microcellular foams.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e All technical papers presented at the Conference are inlcuded in the Conference Proceedings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 1 BLOWING AGENTS \/ BLOWING GASES AND SPECIALITIES\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003ePaper 1 Foaming of biodegradable plastics in packaging applications\u003cbr\u003eJan Erik Wegner \u0026amp; Micro Gröseling, Clariant Masterbatches (Deutschland GmbH), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 2 Environmental advantages of pentane and NIK blend\u003cbr\u003eDennis Jones \u0026amp; John Murphy, The BOC Group Ltd, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 3 Foaming of an immiscible blend system using organic liquids as blowing agents\u003cbr\u003ePeter Gutmann, Klaus Hildebrandt, Volker Altstädt \u0026amp; Axel H E Müller, University of Bayreuth, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 4 Properties of thermoplastics foamed with EXPANCEL® expandable microspheres\u003cbr\u003eAnna Gärd \u0026amp; Lena Jönsson, Eka Chemicals EXPANCEL, Sweden\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 2 GASES AND POLYURETHANE FOAMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 5 Investigation of new low GWP blowing agents for rigid polyurethane foams\u003cbr\u003eDr Laurent Abbas, Arkema, France; Ben Chen, Joseph Costa, Philippe Bonnet \u0026amp; Maher Elsheik,Arkema Inc, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 6 Update on the development of FEA-1100, a novel foam expansion agent for polyurethane foams\u003cbr\u003eDr Mark L Robin, Gary Loh \u0026amp; Joseph A Creazzo, DuPont Fluoroproducts, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 3 NEW STUDIES ON RESINS AND FOAMING PROCESSES\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 7 Trends in polymer foam research\u003cbr\u003eDr Holger Ruckdäschel, Roland Hingmann, Klaus Han, Jan K W Sandler, Erik Wassner \u0026amp; Timothy Francis, BASF SE, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 8 Sandwich structures with a functionally graded syntactic foam core: Free vibration analysis\u003cbr\u003eOmid Rahmani \u0026amp; S M R Khalili, K N Toosi University of Technology, Iran\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 9 Compression molding of polyethylene foams under a temperature gradient: Morphology and properties\u003cbr\u003eProf Denis Rodrigue, Jiaolian Yao \u0026amp; Mohamad Reza Barzegari, Lavel University, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 4 NANO-STRUCTURES - DIFFERENT ASPECTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 10 Use of the supercritical fluid technology to prepare efficient nanocomposite foams for environmental protection purpose\u003cbr\u003eLaetitia Urbanczyk, Jean-M ichel Thomassin, Michael Alexandre, Christine Jérôme \u0026amp; Christophe Detrembleur, University of Liège, Belgium; Isabelle Huynen, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 11 The fundamental issues about the effect of nano-particles on the foaming behavior of nanocomposites\u003cbr\u003eProf Chul B Park, Wentao Zhai, Siu N Leung, Lilac Wang \u0026amp; Takashi Kuboki, University of Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 12 The added value of high melt strength polyolefins in practice\u003cbr\u003eLeon Nelissen, SABIC Europe, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e+++ Paper unavailable at time of print +++\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 5 FOAM INJECTION MOULDING TECHNOLOGY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 13 Smooth foam and smooth surface - a contradiction?\u003cbr\u003eHelmut Eckardt, Wittman Battenfeld GmbH \u0026amp; Co KG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e+++ Paper unavailable at time of print +++\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 14 Large structural foam parts and multi-nozzle low pressure machines\u003cbr\u003eBrian Read, Horizon Plastics Ltd, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 15 Influence of organic additives on foam morphology of injection-moulded i-polypropylene\u003cbr\u003eMarieluise Stumpf, Andreas Spörrer, Hans-Werner Schmidt \u0026amp; Volker Alstädt, University of Bayreuth, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 16 Mechanical properties of structural LDPE foams compared with those of conventional non-structural LDPE foams\u003cbr\u003eJ Escudero, M A Rodriguez-Perez, E Solórzano \u0026amp; J A de Saja, University Valladoid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 17 Improving the impact behaviour of structural foams\u003cbr\u003eLaura Flórez, Prof Dr Ing Dr Ing E h Walter Michaeli, Dominik Obeloer \u0026amp; Markus Brinkmann, RWTH\u003cbr\u003eAachen University (IKV), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 18 A new process for the injection moulding of foamed parts with physical blowing agents\u003cbr\u003eProf Dr-Ing Dr-Ing E h Walter Michaeli \u0026amp; Dominik Obeloer, RWTH Aachen University (IKV), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 19 Implementation of the MuCell® process in commercial applications\u003cbr\u003eDr Hartmut Traut, Levi Kishbaugh \u0026amp; Uwe Kolshorn, Trexel, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 6 EXTRUSION: NEW FINDINGS AND RESULTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 20 New high-melt-strength polypropylene by reactive extrusion\u003cbr\u003eDr Ir André H Hogt \u0026amp; Wim K Frijlink, AkzoNobel Polymer Chemicals, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 7 MICROCELLULAR FOAMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 21 Technyl®XCell; nylon grades offering best aesthetics and performances for microcellular processing (MuCell®).\u003cbr\u003eDr Gerard Bradley, Rhodia Research \u0026amp; Technologies, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 22 Fabrication and characterization of halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin foams with cell sizes in the microcellular range\u003cbr\u003eSilvia Román-Lorza, J Sabadell \u0026amp; J J García-Ruiz, Fundación Centro Tecnológico de Miranda de Ebro (CTME), Spain; M A Rodriguez-Perez \u0026amp; J A de Saja Sáez, University of Valladolid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 23 Influence of different blowing agents and injection moulding processing parameters on the properties of microcellular polycarbonate\u003cbr\u003eDipl-Ing Martin Rohleder, A K Bledzki \u0026amp; H Kirschling, University of Kassel, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:33-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:33-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2009","agents","biodegradable","blowing","book","environment","foaming","injection moulding","LDPE","molding","nanotechnology","p-additives","polymer","rigid polyurethane","thermoplastics"],"price":18000,"price_min":18000,"price_max":18000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378423556,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2009","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":18000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-84735-392-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-392-4.jpg?v=1499211689"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-392-4.jpg?v=1499211689","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353965736029,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-392-4.jpg?v=1499211689"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-392-4.jpg?v=1499211689","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Rapra Conferences \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-392-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23 papers\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBlowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2009, Conference Proceedings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFoamed substances are now being sourced as an alternative substance for applications that previously had an established material. Blowing agents or blowing gases are excellent 'fillers' and have the dual benefits of saving material and reducing weight, the latter minimising shipping and other related expenses. Today there are numerous solutions on offer - new methods, technology, processes and additives, all of which will be looked at during this conference.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBlowing Agents and Foaming Processes, 2009 is a well established conference and the only event world-wide offering such a prestigious range of academic, practical and industrial papers. All technical papers presented at this event are included in the proceedings and focus on; blowing agents and gases specialities, nano structures, foam injection moulding, new extrusion findings and microcellular foams.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e All technical papers presented at the Conference are inlcuded in the Conference Proceedings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 1 BLOWING AGENTS \/ BLOWING GASES AND SPECIALITIES\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003ePaper 1 Foaming of biodegradable plastics in packaging applications\u003cbr\u003eJan Erik Wegner \u0026amp; Micro Gröseling, Clariant Masterbatches (Deutschland GmbH), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 2 Environmental advantages of pentane and NIK blend\u003cbr\u003eDennis Jones \u0026amp; John Murphy, The BOC Group Ltd, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 3 Foaming of an immiscible blend system using organic liquids as blowing agents\u003cbr\u003ePeter Gutmann, Klaus Hildebrandt, Volker Altstädt \u0026amp; Axel H E Müller, University of Bayreuth, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 4 Properties of thermoplastics foamed with EXPANCEL® expandable microspheres\u003cbr\u003eAnna Gärd \u0026amp; Lena Jönsson, Eka Chemicals EXPANCEL, Sweden\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 2 GASES AND POLYURETHANE FOAMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 5 Investigation of new low GWP blowing agents for rigid polyurethane foams\u003cbr\u003eDr Laurent Abbas, Arkema, France; Ben Chen, Joseph Costa, Philippe Bonnet \u0026amp; Maher Elsheik,Arkema Inc, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 6 Update on the development of FEA-1100, a novel foam expansion agent for polyurethane foams\u003cbr\u003eDr Mark L Robin, Gary Loh \u0026amp; Joseph A Creazzo, DuPont Fluoroproducts, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 3 NEW STUDIES ON RESINS AND FOAMING PROCESSES\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 7 Trends in polymer foam research\u003cbr\u003eDr Holger Ruckdäschel, Roland Hingmann, Klaus Han, Jan K W Sandler, Erik Wassner \u0026amp; Timothy Francis, BASF SE, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 8 Sandwich structures with a functionally graded syntactic foam core: Free vibration analysis\u003cbr\u003eOmid Rahmani \u0026amp; S M R Khalili, K N Toosi University of Technology, Iran\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 9 Compression molding of polyethylene foams under a temperature gradient: Morphology and properties\u003cbr\u003eProf Denis Rodrigue, Jiaolian Yao \u0026amp; Mohamad Reza Barzegari, Lavel University, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 4 NANO-STRUCTURES - DIFFERENT ASPECTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 10 Use of the supercritical fluid technology to prepare efficient nanocomposite foams for environmental protection purpose\u003cbr\u003eLaetitia Urbanczyk, Jean-M ichel Thomassin, Michael Alexandre, Christine Jérôme \u0026amp; Christophe Detrembleur, University of Liège, Belgium; Isabelle Huynen, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 11 The fundamental issues about the effect of nano-particles on the foaming behavior of nanocomposites\u003cbr\u003eProf Chul B Park, Wentao Zhai, Siu N Leung, Lilac Wang \u0026amp; Takashi Kuboki, University of Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 12 The added value of high melt strength polyolefins in practice\u003cbr\u003eLeon Nelissen, SABIC Europe, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e+++ Paper unavailable at time of print +++\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 5 FOAM INJECTION MOULDING TECHNOLOGY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 13 Smooth foam and smooth surface - a contradiction?\u003cbr\u003eHelmut Eckardt, Wittman Battenfeld GmbH \u0026amp; Co KG, Germany\u003cbr\u003e+++ Paper unavailable at time of print +++\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 14 Large structural foam parts and multi-nozzle low pressure machines\u003cbr\u003eBrian Read, Horizon Plastics Ltd, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 15 Influence of organic additives on foam morphology of injection-moulded i-polypropylene\u003cbr\u003eMarieluise Stumpf, Andreas Spörrer, Hans-Werner Schmidt \u0026amp; Volker Alstädt, University of Bayreuth, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 16 Mechanical properties of structural LDPE foams compared with those of conventional non-structural LDPE foams\u003cbr\u003eJ Escudero, M A Rodriguez-Perez, E Solórzano \u0026amp; J A de Saja, University Valladoid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 17 Improving the impact behaviour of structural foams\u003cbr\u003eLaura Flórez, Prof Dr Ing Dr Ing E h Walter Michaeli, Dominik Obeloer \u0026amp; Markus Brinkmann, RWTH\u003cbr\u003eAachen University (IKV), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 18 A new process for the injection moulding of foamed parts with physical blowing agents\u003cbr\u003eProf Dr-Ing Dr-Ing E h Walter Michaeli \u0026amp; Dominik Obeloer, RWTH Aachen University (IKV), Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Paper 19 Implementation of the MuCell® process in commercial applications\u003cbr\u003eDr Hartmut Traut, Levi Kishbaugh \u0026amp; Uwe Kolshorn, Trexel, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 6 EXTRUSION: NEW FINDINGS AND RESULTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 20 New high-melt-strength polypropylene by reactive extrusion\u003cbr\u003eDr Ir André H Hogt \u0026amp; Wim K Frijlink, AkzoNobel Polymer Chemicals, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION 7 MICROCELLULAR FOAMS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 21 Technyl®XCell; nylon grades offering best aesthetics and performances for microcellular processing (MuCell®).\u003cbr\u003eDr Gerard Bradley, Rhodia Research \u0026amp; Technologies, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 22 Fabrication and characterization of halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin foams with cell sizes in the microcellular range\u003cbr\u003eSilvia Román-Lorza, J Sabadell \u0026amp; J J García-Ruiz, Fundación Centro Tecnológico de Miranda de Ebro (CTME), Spain; M A Rodriguez-Perez \u0026amp; J A de Saja Sáez, University of Valladolid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaper 23 Influence of different blowing agents and injection moulding processing parameters on the properties of microcellular polycarbonate\u003cbr\u003eDipl-Ing Martin Rohleder, A K Bledzki \u0026amp; H Kirschling, University of Kassel, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: J Durkee ISBN 9781455731312 Pages: 780 Summary Key Features• Three methods explained in detail for substitution of suitable solvents for those unsuitable for any reason: toxic solvents don't have to be tolerated; this volume explains how to do better• Enables users to make informed judgments about their selection of cleaning solvents for specific applications,...
$225.00
in stock
{"id":11242206404,"title":"Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology, 1st Edition","handle":"9781455731312","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: J Durkee \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781455731312 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 780\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Three methods explained in detail for substitution of suitable solvents for those unsuitable for any reason: toxic solvents don't have to be tolerated; this volume explains how to do better\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Enables users to make informed judgments about their selection of cleaning solvents for specific applications, including solvent replacement decisions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Explains how to plan and implement solvent cleaning systems that are effective, economical and compliant with regulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHigh-precision cleaning is required across a wide range of sectors, including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor\/electronics, etc.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCleaning parts and surfaces with solvents is simple, effective and low-cost. Although health and safety and environmental concerns come into play with the use of solvents, this book explores how safe and compliant solvent-based cleaning techniques can be implemented. A key to this is the selection of the right solvent. The author also examines a range of newer \"green\" solvent cleaning options.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book supplies scientific fundamentals and practical guidance supported by real-world examples. Durkee explains the three principal methods of solvent selection: matching of solubility parameters, reduction of potential for smog formation, and matching of physical properties. He also provides guidance on the safe use of aerosols, wipe-cleaning techniques, solvent stabilization, economics, and many other topics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA compendium of blend rules is included, covering the physical, chemical, and environmental properties of solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReadership\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineers and scientists involved in precision cleaning across sectors including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor \/ electronics, etc.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJohn Durkee\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAffiliations and expertise\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsultant in Cleaning Technology and Processes, Texas, USA \u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:57-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:57-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","cleaning options","environment","p-additives","polymer","solvent","solvents","surfaces cleaning"],"price":22500,"price_min":22500,"price_max":22500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378321988,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Cleaning with Solvents: Science and Technology, 1st Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":22500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9781455731312","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731312.jpg?v=1499719581"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731312.jpg?v=1499719581","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353945714781,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731312.jpg?v=1499719581"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731312.jpg?v=1499719581","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: J Durkee \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781455731312 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 780\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Three methods explained in detail for substitution of suitable solvents for those unsuitable for any reason: toxic solvents don't have to be tolerated; this volume explains how to do better\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Enables users to make informed judgments about their selection of cleaning solvents for specific applications, including solvent replacement decisions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Explains how to plan and implement solvent cleaning systems that are effective, economical and compliant with regulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHigh-precision cleaning is required across a wide range of sectors, including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor\/electronics, etc.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCleaning parts and surfaces with solvents is simple, effective and low-cost. Although health and safety and environmental concerns come into play with the use of solvents, this book explores how safe and compliant solvent-based cleaning techniques can be implemented. A key to this is the selection of the right solvent. The author also examines a range of newer \"green\" solvent cleaning options.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book supplies scientific fundamentals and practical guidance supported by real-world examples. Durkee explains the three principal methods of solvent selection: matching of solubility parameters, reduction of potential for smog formation, and matching of physical properties. He also provides guidance on the safe use of aerosols, wipe-cleaning techniques, solvent stabilization, economics, and many other topics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA compendium of blend rules is included, covering the physical, chemical, and environmental properties of solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReadership\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineers and scientists involved in precision cleaning across sectors including aerospace, defense, medical device manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, semiconductor \/ electronics, etc.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJohn Durkee\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAffiliations and expertise\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsultant in Cleaning Technology and Processes, Texas, USA \u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger ISBN 1-895198-06-2 Fraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables Summary This book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany,...
$80.00
in stock
{"id":11242252740,"title":"Conversion of Polymer Wastes \u0026 Energetics","handle":"1-895198-06-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-895198-06-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, contracted by the German Government to organize and investigate various aspects of recycling. Monograph emphasizes the importance of proper planning of the recycling process and the system design including all levels and links in the material cycle. Software, developed to monitor and optimize the entire process, and recycling logistics is used for car component recycling. Several chapters deal with various methods of waste processing, including pyrolysis, hydrogenation, composting, and conversion to a powder coating. Process descriptions permit comparison of various methods with respect to economy and end-result. The second part of the book addresses problems encountered in the disposal of various types of munitions. Germany has to dispose of enormous amounts of these materials, accumulated in Eastern Germany.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:23-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:23-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1994","book","composting","conversion to a powder coating","energetics","environment","hydrogenation","plastics","pollution","polymers","processes","pyrolysis","recycling","waste","waste processing"],"price":8000,"price_min":8000,"price_max":8000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378482308,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Conversion of Polymer Wastes \u0026 Energetics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":8000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"1-895198-06-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353965801565,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-895198-06-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, contracted by the German Government to organize and investigate various aspects of recycling. Monograph emphasizes the importance of proper planning of the recycling process and the system design including all levels and links in the material cycle. Software, developed to monitor and optimize the entire process, and recycling logistics is used for car component recycling. Several chapters deal with various methods of waste processing, including pyrolysis, hydrogenation, composting, and conversion to a powder coating. Process descriptions permit comparison of various methods with respect to economy and end-result. The second part of the book addresses problems encountered in the disposal of various types of munitions. Germany has to dispose of enormous amounts of these materials, accumulated in Eastern Germany."}
Description Author: Anna Wypych ISBN 978-1895198-63-8 Number of pages: 428 Summary Databook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives contains data on over 300 the most important additives. Its structure has 145 data fields to accommodate a variety of data available in source publications. The description of general sections below gives more detail on the composition of...
$285.00
in stock
{"id":11242210692,"title":"Databook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives","handle":"978-1895198-63-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Anna Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-63-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 428\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDatabook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives contains data on over 300 the most important additives. Its structure has 145 data fields to accommodate a variety of data available in source publications. The description of general sections below gives more detail on the composition of information. The additive databook is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance and contains any of the listed below data if they are available for a particular compound. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn General information section the following data are included: name, CAS #, IUPAC name, Common name, Common synonyms, Acronym, Empirical formula, Molecular weight, Chemical class, Mixture, Alkyl distribution, Primary amine concentration, Product contents, Free acid, Amine number, Moisture content, Silicone content, and Solids content .\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on State, Odor, Color (Gardner and Platinum-cobalt scales), Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point, Pour point, Cloud point, Dropping point, Iodine Value, Particle hardness, Particles size, Surface area (BET), Refractive index, Specific gravity, Density, Bulk density, Vapor pressure, pH, Saponification value, Acidity, Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Melt index, Surface tension, Solubility in water and solvents, Thermal expansion coefficient, Heat of combustion, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity, Volatility, Coefficient of friction, Volume resistivity, Dielectric constant, and Ash contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth and safety section contains data on ADR \/RID Class, Flash point, Flash Point Method, Autoignition temperature, Explosive LEL, Explosive UEL, NFPA Classification, NFPA Health, NFPA Flammability, NFPA Reactivity, WHMIS Classification, HMIS Health, HMIS Fire, HMIS Reactivity, HMIS Personal protection, OSHA Hazard Class, EINECS number, EC number, UN Risk Phrases, R, UN Safety Phrases, S, DOT Hazard Class, UN\/NA, ICAO\/IATA Class, IMDG Class, TDG class, Proper shipping name, Rat oral LD50, Mouse oral LD50, Rabbit dermal LD50, Inhalation rat, LC50, Skin irritation, Eye irritation (human), Carcinogenicity, Teratogenicity, Mutagenicity, and TLV - TWA 8h (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcological properties section contains data on Biological Oxygen Demand, Theoretical Oxygen Demand, Biodegradation probability, Aquatic toxicity LC50 (rainbow trout, bluegill sunfish, fathead minnow, daphnia magna), and Partition coefficients (log Koc, log Kow).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse \u0026amp; performance section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Recommended for general applications, Recommended for polymers, Recommended for products, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Recommended processing method, Recommended mold material, Additive type, Additive application method, Recommended dosage, Post-processing, Food law approvals, Coefficient of friction at 1000 ppm, Release force, and Davies scale.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Antiblocking agents\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Inorganic \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Calcium carbonate \u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Synthetic silica \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Synthetic clay (laponite) \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Talc \u003cbr\u003e3.1.5 Other \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Organic \u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Microparticles \u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Fatty acid amides \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Polymers and waxes \u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Other\u003cbr\u003e4 Release agents \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fluorocompounds\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Silicone polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Other polymeric compounds\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Other chemical compounds\u003cbr\u003e5 Slip agents\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Esters\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Fatty acid amides\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Natural wax and its substitutes\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Salts\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Others\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnna Wypych, born in 1937, studied chemical engineering and polymer chemistry and obtained M. Sc. in chemical engineering in 1960. The professional expertise includes both teaching and research \u0026amp; development. Anna Wypych has published 1 book (MSDS Manual), several databases, 6 scientific papers, and obtained 3 patents. She specializes in polymer additives for PVC and other polymers and evaluates their effect on health and environment.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:10-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:10-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","additives","Antiblocking agents","book","ecological properties","environment","health","p-additives","p-applications","performance","physical properties","release agents","slip agents","use"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378332804,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1895198-63-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-63-8.jpg?v=1499724104"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-63-8.jpg?v=1499724104","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353968455773,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-63-8.jpg?v=1499724104"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-63-8.jpg?v=1499724104","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Anna Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-63-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 428\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDatabook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives contains data on over 300 the most important additives. Its structure has 145 data fields to accommodate a variety of data available in source publications. The description of general sections below gives more detail on the composition of information. The additive databook is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance and contains any of the listed below data if they are available for a particular compound. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn General information section the following data are included: name, CAS #, IUPAC name, Common name, Common synonyms, Acronym, Empirical formula, Molecular weight, Chemical class, Mixture, Alkyl distribution, Primary amine concentration, Product contents, Free acid, Amine number, Moisture content, Silicone content, and Solids content .\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on State, Odor, Color (Gardner and Platinum-cobalt scales), Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point, Pour point, Cloud point, Dropping point, Iodine Value, Particle hardness, Particles size, Surface area (BET), Refractive index, Specific gravity, Density, Bulk density, Vapor pressure, pH, Saponification value, Acidity, Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Melt index, Surface tension, Solubility in water and solvents, Thermal expansion coefficient, Heat of combustion, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity, Volatility, Coefficient of friction, Volume resistivity, Dielectric constant, and Ash contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth and safety section contains data on ADR \/RID Class, Flash point, Flash Point Method, Autoignition temperature, Explosive LEL, Explosive UEL, NFPA Classification, NFPA Health, NFPA Flammability, NFPA Reactivity, WHMIS Classification, HMIS Health, HMIS Fire, HMIS Reactivity, HMIS Personal protection, OSHA Hazard Class, EINECS number, EC number, UN Risk Phrases, R, UN Safety Phrases, S, DOT Hazard Class, UN\/NA, ICAO\/IATA Class, IMDG Class, TDG class, Proper shipping name, Rat oral LD50, Mouse oral LD50, Rabbit dermal LD50, Inhalation rat, LC50, Skin irritation, Eye irritation (human), Carcinogenicity, Teratogenicity, Mutagenicity, and TLV - TWA 8h (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcological properties section contains data on Biological Oxygen Demand, Theoretical Oxygen Demand, Biodegradation probability, Aquatic toxicity LC50 (rainbow trout, bluegill sunfish, fathead minnow, daphnia magna), and Partition coefficients (log Koc, log Kow).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse \u0026amp; performance section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Recommended for general applications, Recommended for polymers, Recommended for products, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Recommended processing method, Recommended mold material, Additive type, Additive application method, Recommended dosage, Post-processing, Food law approvals, Coefficient of friction at 1000 ppm, Release force, and Davies scale.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Antiblocking agents\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Inorganic \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Calcium carbonate \u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Synthetic silica \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Synthetic clay (laponite) \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Talc \u003cbr\u003e3.1.5 Other \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Organic \u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Microparticles \u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Fatty acid amides \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Polymers and waxes \u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Other\u003cbr\u003e4 Release agents \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fluorocompounds\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Silicone polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Other polymeric compounds\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Other chemical compounds\u003cbr\u003e5 Slip agents\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Esters\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Fatty acid amides\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Natural wax and its substitutes\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Salts\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Others\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnna Wypych, born in 1937, studied chemical engineering and polymer chemistry and obtained M. Sc. in chemical engineering in 1960. The professional expertise includes both teaching and research \u0026amp; development. Anna Wypych has published 1 book (MSDS Manual), several databases, 6 scientific papers, and obtained 3 patents. She specializes in polymer additives for PVC and other polymers and evaluates their effect on health and environment."}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1895198-61-4 Number of pages 482 Summary The databook contains information on over 300 most frequently used antistatics. The information presented in the Databook of Antistatics is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use & Performance. The data belong to 130 data fields, which...
$285.00
in stock
{"id":11242221636,"title":"Databook of Antistatics","handle":"978-1895198-61-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-61-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages 482\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe databook contains information on over 300 most frequently used antistatics. The information presented in the Databook of Antistatics is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance. The data belong to 130 data fields, which accommodate a variety of data available in source publications. The description of general sections below gives more detail on the composition of information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn General information section the following data are displayed: name, CAS #, IUPAC name, Common name, Common synonym, Acronym, Empirical formula, Molecular weight, Chemical category, Mixture, Product contents, Moisture content, Silicone content, and EC number\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical properties section contains data on State, Odor, Color (Gardner and Platinum-cobalt scales), Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point, Pour point, Iodine value, Particle diameter, Particle length, Surface area (BET), Refractive index, Specific gravity, Density, Bulk density, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, pH, Saponification value, Acidity, Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Melt index, Surface tension, Solubility in water and solvents, Thermal expansion coefficient, Heat of combustion, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity, Volatility, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Surface resistance, Static decay time, Dielectric constant, Ash contents, Mold shrinkage, Impact strength, Tensile strength, Tensile elongation, Tensile modulus, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Drying time, and Drying temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth and safety section contains data on Flash point, Flash point method, Autoignition temperature, Explosive LEL, Explosive UEL, NFPA Classification, NFPA Health, NFPA Flammability, NFPA Reactivity, HMIS Classification, HMIS Health, HMIS Fire, HMIS Reactivity, HMIS Personal protection, UN Risk Phrases, R, UN Safety Phrases, S, DOT Hazard Class, UN\/NA, ICAO\/IATA Class, IMDG Class, TDG class, Proper shipping name, Food law approvals, Rat oral LD50, Mouse oral LD50, Rabbit dermal LD50, Inhalation rat LC50, Skin irritation, Eye irritation (human), Ingestion, First aid: eyes, skin, and inhalation, Chronic effects, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and TLV - TWA 8h (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcological properties section contains data on Biological Oxygen Demand, Biodegradation probability, Aquatic toxicity LC50 (Rainbow trout, Bluegill sunfish, Fathead minnow, and Daphnia magna), and Partition coefficients (log Koc, log Kow). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse \u0026amp; performance section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Recommended for polymers, Recommended for products, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Additive application method, Recommended dosage, Davies scale, Concentration of active ingredients, and Carrier resin.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Antistatics\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Organic materials \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Amines and amides\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Powders\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Carbon black\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Inorganic materials \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Metal powders\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Metal-coated microspheres \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Carbon (graphite) fibers\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Metal fibers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nanotubes \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Inherently conductive polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Electrically conductive polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 EMI\/RFI\/ESD protection \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 ESD protection \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e3.4.6 Static dissipative polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Masterbatches\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:47-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:47-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","anitistatics","ecological properties","environment","health","p-additives","p-properties","performance","physical properties","safety"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378374660,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Antistatics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1895198-61-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-61-4.jpg?v=1499212478"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-61-4.jpg?v=1499212478","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353968652381,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-61-4.jpg?v=1499212478"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-61-4.jpg?v=1499212478","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-61-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages 482\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe databook contains information on over 300 most frequently used antistatics. The information presented in the Databook of Antistatics is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance. The data belong to 130 data fields, which accommodate a variety of data available in source publications. The description of general sections below gives more detail on the composition of information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn General information section the following data are displayed: name, CAS #, IUPAC name, Common name, Common synonym, Acronym, Empirical formula, Molecular weight, Chemical category, Mixture, Product contents, Moisture content, Silicone content, and EC number\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhysical properties section contains data on State, Odor, Color (Gardner and Platinum-cobalt scales), Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point, Pour point, Iodine value, Particle diameter, Particle length, Surface area (BET), Refractive index, Specific gravity, Density, Bulk density, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, pH, Saponification value, Acidity, Viscosity, Kinematic viscosity, Melt index, Surface tension, Solubility in water and solvents, Thermal expansion coefficient, Heat of combustion, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity, Volatility, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Surface resistance, Static decay time, Dielectric constant, Ash contents, Mold shrinkage, Impact strength, Tensile strength, Tensile elongation, Tensile modulus, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Drying time, and Drying temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth and safety section contains data on Flash point, Flash point method, Autoignition temperature, Explosive LEL, Explosive UEL, NFPA Classification, NFPA Health, NFPA Flammability, NFPA Reactivity, HMIS Classification, HMIS Health, HMIS Fire, HMIS Reactivity, HMIS Personal protection, UN Risk Phrases, R, UN Safety Phrases, S, DOT Hazard Class, UN\/NA, ICAO\/IATA Class, IMDG Class, TDG class, Proper shipping name, Food law approvals, Rat oral LD50, Mouse oral LD50, Rabbit dermal LD50, Inhalation rat LC50, Skin irritation, Eye irritation (human), Ingestion, First aid: eyes, skin, and inhalation, Chronic effects, Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and TLV - TWA 8h (ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcological properties section contains data on Biological Oxygen Demand, Biodegradation probability, Aquatic toxicity LC50 (Rainbow trout, Bluegill sunfish, Fathead minnow, and Daphnia magna), and Partition coefficients (log Koc, log Kow). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse \u0026amp; performance section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Recommended for polymers, Recommended for products, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Additive application method, Recommended dosage, Davies scale, Concentration of active ingredients, and Carrier resin.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Antistatics\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Organic materials \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Amines and amides\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Powders\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Carbon black\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Inorganic materials \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Metal powders\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Metal-coated microspheres \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Carbon (graphite) fibers\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Metal fibers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nanotubes \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Inherently conductive polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Electrically conductive polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 EMI\/RFI\/ESD protection \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 ESD protection \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e3.4.6 Static dissipative polymers\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Masterbatches\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Description Authors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-82-9 Summary Many currently used solvents have to be replaced, either because of regulations or because of ever growing trend to produce safer products or produce them in a safer way. There is a lot of confusion in the market place regarding of what really consists of green...
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{"id":738272804964,"title":"Databook of Green Solvents","handle":"databook-of-green-solvents","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAuthors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eISBN \u003cspan\u003e978-1-895198-82-9\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMany currently used solvents have to be replaced, either because of regulations or because of ever growing trend to produce safer products or produce them in a safer way. There is a lot of confusion in the market place regarding of what really consists of green solvent. Some solvents previously advertised as green solvents have to be replaced according to the present regulations, and these are costly and risky operations.\u003cbr\u003eThis book not only gives data on carefully selected, commercially available, green solvents but it also gives concise advice on how to assess and qualify green solvents.\u003cbr\u003eThe Databook of Green Solvents contains data divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use. \u003cbr\u003eIn the General section, the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Other properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth section contains data on Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental section contains data on Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003cbr\u003eAbout 300 of the most essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Green Solvents. Emphasis is given to safer and more efficient replacements of more toxic solvents. In addition to this publication, Databook of Solvents contains data on solvents most frequently used by industry.\u003cbr\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include: Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties and Handbook of Solvents. Volume 2. Use, Health, and Environment. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 What does make solvent green?\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e2 Information on the data fields\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3 Solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.1 Biodegradable solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.2 Biorenewable solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.3 Deep eutectic solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.4 Esters\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.5 Fatty acid methyl esters\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.6 Generally recognized as safe, GRAS, solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.7 Generic solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.8 Hydrofluoroethers \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.9 Ionic liquids\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.10 Perfluorocarbons\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.11 Siloxanes\u003c\/div\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","created_at":"2018-04-05T20:47:15-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2014","book","environment","green solvent","health","physical properties","solvent"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":8103400308836,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Green Solvents","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-16-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-82-9_612d2e8c-6044-45e9-a572-ec81e6b88d30.jpg?v=1522976003"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-82-9_612d2e8c-6044-45e9-a572-ec81e6b88d30.jpg?v=1522976003","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":810376331357,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-82-9_612d2e8c-6044-45e9-a572-ec81e6b88d30.jpg?v=1522976003"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-82-9_612d2e8c-6044-45e9-a572-ec81e6b88d30.jpg?v=1522976003","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAuthors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eISBN \u003cspan\u003e978-1-895198-82-9\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMany currently used solvents have to be replaced, either because of regulations or because of ever growing trend to produce safer products or produce them in a safer way. There is a lot of confusion in the market place regarding of what really consists of green solvent. Some solvents previously advertised as green solvents have to be replaced according to the present regulations, and these are costly and risky operations.\u003cbr\u003eThis book not only gives data on carefully selected, commercially available, green solvents but it also gives concise advice on how to assess and qualify green solvents.\u003cbr\u003eThe Databook of Green Solvents contains data divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use. \u003cbr\u003eIn the General section, the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Other properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth section contains data on Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental section contains data on Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003cbr\u003eAbout 300 of the most essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Green Solvents. Emphasis is given to safer and more efficient replacements of more toxic solvents. In addition to this publication, Databook of Solvents contains data on solvents most frequently used by industry.\u003cbr\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include: Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties and Handbook of Solvents. Volume 2. Use, Health, and Environment. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 What does make solvent green?\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e2 Information on the data fields\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3 Solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.1 Biodegradable solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.2 Biorenewable solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.3 Deep eutectic solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.4 Esters\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.5 Fatty acid methyl esters\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.6 Generally recognized as safe, GRAS, solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.7 Generic solvents\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.8 Hydrofluoroethers \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.9 Ionic liquids\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.10 Perfluorocarbons\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e3.11 Siloxanes\u003c\/div\u003e"}
Description Authors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych ISBN 978-1-927885-43-7 Publication date: January 2019Number of pages: 584+x Summary The field of green solvents changes rapidly and continuously. It can be well evidenced from the turnover of solvents in this book. Forty-five solvents included in the previous edition are not produced or considered green anymore and they are...
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{"id":2059041505373,"title":"Databook of Green Solvents - 2nd Edition","handle":"databook-of-green-solvents-2nd-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAuthors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-43-7\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: January 2019\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eNumber of pages: 584+x\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe field of green solvents changes rapidly and continuously. It can be well evidenced from the turnover of solvents in this book. Forty-five solvents included in the previous edition are not produced or considered green anymore and they are replaced in the book by about 70 new solvents considered as green replacements of the presently used products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe list of solvents used in the industry rapidly changes because replacement “greener” solvents are becoming available and because of an anticipation that some solvent(s) will be banned by authorities soon. Because this book is designed to assist industry in the selection of suitable solvents it has to be frequently updated by the current trends and findings. It not only provides data on carefully selected, commercially available, green solvents but it also gives concise advice on how to assess and qualify green solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Green Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e contains data divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cstrong\u003eGeneral \u003c\/strong\u003esection, the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Other properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHealth \u003c\/strong\u003esection contains data on Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Green Solvents. Solvents are divided into 14 essential groups of green products. Emphasis is given to safer and more efficient replacements of more toxic solvents. In addition to this publication, \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e contains data on the solvents which are the most frequently used today in the manufacturing processes. Majority of these solvents belong to a group of the high production volume solvents which are produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tones per year by at least one member country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include \u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties \u003c\/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e Handbook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eVolume 2. Use, Health, and Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject of solvents ever published. The books are the authoritative sources of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications. An essential aim of these books is to keep their information updated by findings from the most recent literature and developments occurring in the field of solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 What does make solvent green?\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on the data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biodegradable solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Biorenewable solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Deep eutectic solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Fatty acid methyl esters\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Generally recognized as safe, GRAS, solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Generic solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Hydrofluoroethers \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Siloxanes\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Terpenes\u003c\/div\u003e","published_at":"2019-03-18T14:30:00-04:00","created_at":"2019-03-18T13:59:25-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2019","book","environment","green solvent","health","physical properties","solvent"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":20181706834013,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Green Solvents - 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-927885-43-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-43-7.jpg?v=1552932358"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-43-7.jpg?v=1552932358","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":1423113551965,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-43-7.jpg?v=1552932358"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-43-7.jpg?v=1552932358","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAuthors: Anna Wypych and George Wypych\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-43-7\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: January 2019\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eNumber of pages: 584+x\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe field of green solvents changes rapidly and continuously. It can be well evidenced from the turnover of solvents in this book. Forty-five solvents included in the previous edition are not produced or considered green anymore and they are replaced in the book by about 70 new solvents considered as green replacements of the presently used products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe list of solvents used in the industry rapidly changes because replacement “greener” solvents are becoming available and because of an anticipation that some solvent(s) will be banned by authorities soon. Because this book is designed to assist industry in the selection of suitable solvents it has to be frequently updated by the current trends and findings. It not only provides data on carefully selected, commercially available, green solvents but it also gives concise advice on how to assess and qualify green solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Green Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e contains data divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cstrong\u003eGeneral \u003c\/strong\u003esection, the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Other properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHealth \u003c\/strong\u003esection contains data on Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains information on Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Green Solvents. Solvents are divided into 14 essential groups of green products. Emphasis is given to safer and more efficient replacements of more toxic solvents. In addition to this publication, \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e contains data on the solvents which are the most frequently used today in the manufacturing processes. Majority of these solvents belong to a group of the high production volume solvents which are produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tones per year by at least one member country.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include \u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties \u003c\/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e Handbook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eVolume 2. Use, Health, and Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject of solvents ever published. The books are the authoritative sources of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications. An essential aim of these books is to keep their information updated by findings from the most recent literature and developments occurring in the field of solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 What does make solvent green?\u003cbr\u003e2 Information on the data fields\u003cbr\u003e3 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biodegradable solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Biorenewable solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Deep eutectic solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Fatty acid methyl esters\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Generally recognized as safe, GRAS, solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Generic solvents\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Hydrofluoroethers \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Siloxanes\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Terpenes\u003c\/div\u003e"}
Description Author: Anna & George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-80-5 Published: 2014Pages: 742 Summary Solvents comprise a large group of commercial products of different purities determined by their application (e.g., chemical reagents, pharmaceutical solvents, cleaning liquids, etc.). Their properties are very important for application of solvents and needed to understand behavior of solvent mixtures. This book contains large...
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{"id":11242240452,"title":"Databook of Solvents","handle":"978-1-895198-80-5","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Anna \u0026amp; George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-80-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2014\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 742\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nSolvents comprise a large group of commercial products of different purities determined by their application (e.g., chemical reagents, pharmaceutical solvents, cleaning liquids, etc.). Their properties are very important for application of solvents and needed to understand behavior of solvent mixtures. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book contains large set of data on the most important solvents used in everyday industrial practice. The Databook of Solvents provides information divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the General section the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on Name, CAS number, Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth section contains data on Name, CAS number, Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental section contains data on Name, CAS number, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse section contains information on Name, CAS number, Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003cbr\u003eMore than 250 of the most essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Solvents. \u003cbr\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include: Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties and Handbook of Solvents. Volume 2. Use, Health, and Environment. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in creation of these extensive publications.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003e2 INFORMATION ON THE DATA FIELDS\u003cbr\u003e3 SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Aliphatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Amides\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Amines\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Aromatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Chlorofluorocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Glycol ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Halogenated\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Heterocyclic\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Nitriles\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Polyhydric alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.21 Terpenes\u003cbr\u003e3.22 Thiol derivatives","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:44-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:44-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2014","environment","environmental impact","features and benefits","general","health and safety data","p-additives","physical properties","potential substitutes","solvents","use"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378433860,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Solvents","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-80-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-80-5.jpg?v=1499212946"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-80-5.jpg?v=1499212946","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353970061405,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-80-5.jpg?v=1499212946"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-80-5.jpg?v=1499212946","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Anna \u0026amp; George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-80-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2014\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 742\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nSolvents comprise a large group of commercial products of different purities determined by their application (e.g., chemical reagents, pharmaceutical solvents, cleaning liquids, etc.). Their properties are very important for application of solvents and needed to understand behavior of solvent mixtures. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book contains large set of data on the most important solvents used in everyday industrial practice. The Databook of Solvents provides information divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the General section the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003cbr\u003ePhysical section contains data on Name, CAS number, Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHealth section contains data on Name, CAS number, Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental section contains data on Name, CAS number, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse section contains information on Name, CAS number, Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003cbr\u003eMore than 250 of the most essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the Databook of Solvents. \u003cbr\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include: Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties and Handbook of Solvents. Volume 2. Use, Health, and Environment. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that very well-known experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in creation of these extensive publications.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003e2 INFORMATION ON THE DATA FIELDS\u003cbr\u003e3 SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Aliphatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Amides\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Amines\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Aromatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Chlorofluorocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Glycol ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Halogenated\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Heterocyclic\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Nitriles\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Polyhydric alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.21 Terpenes\u003cbr\u003e3.22 Thiol derivatives"}
Description Author: Anna & George Wypych ISBN 978-1-927885-45-1 Publication date: January 2019Number of pages: 798+x Summary The second edition of this book was redesigned to include all high production volume solvents. The high production volume solvents are produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tones per year in at least one member country. The most...
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{"id":2059055333469,"title":"Databook of Solvents - 2nd edition","handle":"databook-of-solvents-2nd-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Anna \u0026amp; George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-45-1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePublication date: January 2019\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 798+x\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second edition of this book was redesigned to include all high production volume solvents. The high production volume solvents are produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tones per year in at least one member country. The most recent list of these chemicals has been compiled based on submissions from eight member countries (including the USA) in addition to the European Union’s HPV list according to EC Regulation 793\/93. It has been used by the member countries to choose chemicals on which to make a hazard assessment for human health and the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis selection of data is important considering that it is expected that the total amount of solvents to be used in 2020 in the USA alone will be 4.3 million tons. Still, an unknown but considered a large fraction of these massive amounts of solvents ends up polluting the air, water, and soil. It is hoped that this the most extensive and up-to-date information on these solvents (sometimes containing suggestions on safer replacements if they were readily available) will help in a more rational, effective, and safe use of the solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book is the reference source containing a large number of data on the most important solvents used in industry. Solvents comprise a large group of commercial products of different purities determined by their application (e.g., chemical reagents, pharmaceutical solvents, cleaning liquids, etc.). Their properties are very important for selection of solvents for the application. They are also needed to understand the behavior of solvent mixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a large set of data on the most important solvents used in everyday industrial practice. The \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e provides information divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cstrong\u003eGeneral s\u003c\/strong\u003eection the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Name, CAS number, Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHealth \u003c\/strong\u003esection contains data on Name, CAS number, Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Name, CAS number, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains information on Name, CAS number, Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than 280 of these essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. Further information which may help in replacement of these solvents can be found in a separate publication entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Green Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e which is published in the most current revised version.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include \u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties \u003c\/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e Handbook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eVolume 2. Use, Health, and Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject of solvents ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications. One of the essential aims of these books is to keep them updated with the most up-to-date findings, data, and commercial developments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003e2 INFORMATION ON THE DATA FIELDS\u003cbr\u003e3 SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Aliphatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Amides\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Amines\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Aromatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Chlorofluorocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Glycol ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Halogenated\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Heterocyclic\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Nitriles\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Polyhydric alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.21 Terpenes\u003cbr\u003e3.22 Thiol derivatives","published_at":"2019-03-18T14:30:00-04:00","created_at":"2019-03-18T14:15:43-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2019","environment","environmental impact","features and benefits","general","health and safety data","p-additives","physical properties","potential substitutes","solvents","use"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":20181786296413,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Databook of Solvents - 2nd edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-927885-45-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-45-1.jpg?v=1552933325"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-45-1.jpg?v=1552933325","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":1423137112157,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-45-1.jpg?v=1552933325"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-45-1.jpg?v=1552933325","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Anna \u0026amp; George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-45-1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePublication date: January 2019\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 798+x\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second edition of this book was redesigned to include all high production volume solvents. The high production volume solvents are produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tones per year in at least one member country. The most recent list of these chemicals has been compiled based on submissions from eight member countries (including the USA) in addition to the European Union’s HPV list according to EC Regulation 793\/93. It has been used by the member countries to choose chemicals on which to make a hazard assessment for human health and the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis selection of data is important considering that it is expected that the total amount of solvents to be used in 2020 in the USA alone will be 4.3 million tons. Still, an unknown but considered a large fraction of these massive amounts of solvents ends up polluting the air, water, and soil. It is hoped that this the most extensive and up-to-date information on these solvents (sometimes containing suggestions on safer replacements if they were readily available) will help in a more rational, effective, and safe use of the solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book is the reference source containing a large number of data on the most important solvents used in industry. Solvents comprise a large group of commercial products of different purities determined by their application (e.g., chemical reagents, pharmaceutical solvents, cleaning liquids, etc.). Their properties are very important for selection of solvents for the application. They are also needed to understand the behavior of solvent mixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a large set of data on the most important solvents used in everyday industrial practice. The \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e provides information divided into five sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental, and Use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cstrong\u003eGeneral s\u003c\/strong\u003eection the following data are displayed: Name, CAS number, Acronym, Chemical category, Empirical formula, IUPAC name, Mixture, Moisture contents, Molecular weight, Properties, Product contents, EC number, RTECS number, and Synonyms 1, 2, 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Name, CAS number, Dielectric constant, Acceptor number, Acid dissociation constant, Aniline point, Antoine temperature range, Antoine constants A, B, and C, Boiling temperature, Coefficient of thermal expansion, Color, Corrosivity, Donor number, Electrical conductivity, Evaporation rates with butyl acetate=1 and ether=1, Freezing temperature, Hansen solubility parameters dD, dP, and dH, Molar volume, Heat of combustion, Enthalpy of vaporization, Enthalpy of vaporization temperature, Henry's law constant, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Kauri butanol number, Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Polarity parameter, ET(30), Refractive index, Solubility in water, Specific gravity, Specific gravity temperature, Specific heat, State, Surface tension, Thermal conductivity, Vapor density, Vapor pressure, Vapor pressure temperature, Viscosity, and Viscosity temperature.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHealth \u003c\/strong\u003esection contains data on Name, CAS number, Autoignition temperature, Carcinogenicity: IRAC, NTP, OSHA, Mutagenic properties, Reproduction\/developmental toxicity, DOT class, TDG class, ICAO\/IATA class, packaging group, IMDG class, packaging group, UN\/NA hazard class, UN packaging group, Proper shipping name, Explosion limits: lower and upper, Flash point, Flash point method, LD50 dermal (rabbit), LC50 inhalation (rat), LD50 oral (mouse), LD50 oral (rat), Maximum concentration during 30 min exposure (NIOSH-IDLH), Maximum concentration at any time: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, Maximum concentration during continuous exposure for 15 min: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, NFPA flammability, health, reactivity, HMIS flammability, health, reactivity, Route of entry, Ingestion, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Inhalation, First aid: eyes, skin, inhalation, Chronic effects, Target organs, Threshold limiting value: ACGIH, NIOSH, OSHA, UN number, UN risk phrases, and UN safety phrases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains data on Name, CAS number, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish (96-h LC50), Daphnia magna (96-h LC50) and (48-h LC50), Fathead minnow (96-h LC50), Rainbow trout (96-h LC50), Bioconcentration factor, Biodegradation probability, Biological oxygen demand (20-day test) and (5-day test), Chemical oxygen demand, Atmospheric half-life, Hydroxyl rate constant, Global warming potential, Montreal protocol, Partition coefficient, Ozone depletion potential (CFC11=1), Ozone rate constant, Soil absorption constant, Theoretical oxygen demand, Urban ozone formation potential (C2H4=1), UV absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse\u003c\/strong\u003e section contains information on Name, CAS number, Manufacturer, Outstanding properties, Potential substitutes, Recommended for polymers, Features \u0026amp; benefits, Processing methods, Recommended dosage, and Recommended for products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than 280 of these essential solvents are included in the publication. The table of contents gives more information on solvent groups included in the \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. Further information which may help in replacement of these solvents can be found in a separate publication entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Green Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e which is published in the most current revised version.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReaders interested in this subject should note that two volumes of fundamental treatment of all essential areas of solvents’ use have also been just published. They include \u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Solvents. Volume 1. Properties \u003c\/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e Handbook of Solvents\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eVolume 2. Use, Health, and Environment\u003c\/strong\u003e. Together these four books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject of solvents ever published. The books are the authoritative source of knowledge, considering that experts in the fields of solvent use were involved in the creation of these extensive publications. One of the essential aims of these books is to keep them updated with the most up-to-date findings, data, and commercial developments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003e2 INFORMATION ON THE DATA FIELDS\u003cbr\u003e3 SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Acids\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Aliphatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Amides\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Amines\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Aromatic hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Chlorofluorocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Esters\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Glycol ethers\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Halogenated\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Heterocyclic\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Nitriles\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Perfluorocarbons\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Polyhydric alcohols\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Sulfoxides\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Supercritical fluids\u003cbr\u003e3.21 Terpenes\u003cbr\u003e3.22 Thiol derivatives"}
Description Author: W.O.E. Korver ISBN 0-8155-1449-2 Pages:442, Figures: 113, Tables: 34 Summary The purpose of this publication is to make readers aware of the explosion danger that may exist when they are involved in the use of flammable gases and liquids that are stored, processed, or transported in facilities with electrical wiring and equipment. Compliance with...
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{"id":11242230020,"title":"Electrical Safety in Flammable Gas\/Vapor Laden Atmospheres","handle":"0-8155-1449-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: W.O.E. Korver \u003cbr\u003eISBN 0-8155-1449-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages:442, Figures: 113, Tables: 34\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe purpose of this publication is to make readers aware of the explosion danger that may exist when they are involved in the use of flammable gases and liquids that are stored, processed, or transported in facilities with electrical wiring and equipment. Compliance with the electrical power recommendations in here will essentially provide a safe environment, which is a fundamental prerequisite in controlling injuries and damage to properties.\u003cbr\u003eOne intent of this publication is to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the classification of a hazardous location. One factor, in combination with one or more other factors, will have an impact on the level of danger and its hazardous boundaries. These factors and their influences are explained in detail in this publication, and once their impact is understood, the classification of a hazardous location becomes a straightforward procedure. The purpose of classification of a hazardous location is to provide safety for personnel and equipment. Another intent of this book is to achieve an electrical installation that will provide an acceptable level of safety for personnel and equipment at the lowest possible cost. To accomplish this, it is necessary to analyze in detail the environmental conditions of the location and the characteristics of the source of hazard.\u003cbr\u003eThe engineer who is involved in preparing the area classification must understand all of the details that will impact on his decision to classify the area Division 1, Division 2, or non-hazardous. Without a knowledge of the environmental conditions and the characteristics of the source of hazard, he, most certainly, will give the location a safety level much too high, which is not economically justifiable, or a level too low, which is unsafe. It is this approach that must be avoided.\u003cbr\u003eIn nine out often cases, a hazardous location is classified much too conservatively. The reasons for this conservative approach are a lack of knowledge and a misunderstanding of the actual concept of safety and danger. In the majority of cases, hazardous areas are classified Division I when the location could have been classified Division 2, and areas which are classified Division 2 could have been classified non-hazardous. In other cases, the location is classified non-hazardous when it should have been classified Division 1 or Division 2. It must be kept in mind that a location classified Division 1 requires explosion-proof equipment, which ranges in price from two to four times the cost of general-purpose electrical equipment, some of which are allowed in Division 2 locations. Therefore, it is important to strive to achieve a classification of a lower yet acceptable level of safety, which is commensurate with an acceptable risk and reduces the cost of electrical installations.\u003cbr\u003eTo establish such a point, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of the flammable products, along with the conditions under which the product must operate. By listing this information on appropriate forms, the evaluation of the degree of hazard and its boundaries can be correctly performed, and, as a result, the proper electrical equipment can be selected under the provisions of the NEC.\u003cbr\u003eA total of 126 tables and illustrations have been developed to assist the engineer in establishing the degree of danger and its boundaries for locations with flammable products.\u003cbr\u003eThis publication is divided into three parts with an appendix. Part I discusses the flammable and combustible principles of hazardous products and other pertinent information associated with an area classification. Part 2 discusses the environmental conditions in hazardous locations. A number of specific illustrations are included in this section. Part 3 discusses the application procedure for classifying NEC Class I locations. Examples are also included in this section. Following these sections is an appendix listing properties of flammable liquids, gases, and vapors.\u003cbr\u003eThe application of the information explained herein is mainly for flammable liquids, vapors, and gases that are processed, handled, stored, and\/or transported. A small portion of this publication explains the classification of coal handling facilities.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCONTENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlammable and Combustible Principles of Hazardous Products\u003cbr\u003eClassifying Sources of Hazard\u003cbr\u003eThe Extent of Explosion Danger for NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eSpatial Considerations\u003cbr\u003eThe Degree of Explosion Danger for NEC Class II Locations\u003cbr\u003eVentilation Requirements\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Equipment for NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Equipment for NEC Class II, Group F Locations\u003cbr\u003eIntrinsically Safe Equipment and Wiring\u003cbr\u003eInstallation of Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations\u003cbr\u003eHydrogen Gas\u003cbr\u003eCathodic Protection\u003cbr\u003eStatic Electricity\u003cbr\u003eGrounding of Tanks, Pipelines, and Tank Cars\u003cbr\u003eGrounding Requirements for Electrical Equipment\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Seals in NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Seals in NEC Class II Locations\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Fundamentals (General Requirements for Groups A-K)\u003cbr\u003eExamples\u003cbr\u003eProperties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Vapor\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nWith a Master's Degree in electrical power engineering, W.O.E. Korver has over 15 years experience in construction and electrical installation design for chemical, petrochemical, fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, and has over 30 years experience in classifying hazardous areas. He is Senior Safety Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:13-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:13-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","book","cathodic protection","combustible principals","electrical","environment","equipment","explosion","flammable gase","flammable liquid","gas","hazard","hydrogen gas","installation","intrinsically safe equipment","NEC class","pipelines","polymer","static electricity","tank cars","tanks","vapor"],"price":22000,"price_min":22000,"price_max":22000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378399556,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Electrical Safety in Flammable Gas\/Vapor Laden Atmospheres","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":22000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"0-8155-1449-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-8155-1449-2.jpg?v=1499281236"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-8155-1449-2.jpg?v=1499281236","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354453880925,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-8155-1449-2.jpg?v=1499281236"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-8155-1449-2.jpg?v=1499281236","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: W.O.E. Korver \u003cbr\u003eISBN 0-8155-1449-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages:442, Figures: 113, Tables: 34\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe purpose of this publication is to make readers aware of the explosion danger that may exist when they are involved in the use of flammable gases and liquids that are stored, processed, or transported in facilities with electrical wiring and equipment. Compliance with the electrical power recommendations in here will essentially provide a safe environment, which is a fundamental prerequisite in controlling injuries and damage to properties.\u003cbr\u003eOne intent of this publication is to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the classification of a hazardous location. One factor, in combination with one or more other factors, will have an impact on the level of danger and its hazardous boundaries. These factors and their influences are explained in detail in this publication, and once their impact is understood, the classification of a hazardous location becomes a straightforward procedure. The purpose of classification of a hazardous location is to provide safety for personnel and equipment. Another intent of this book is to achieve an electrical installation that will provide an acceptable level of safety for personnel and equipment at the lowest possible cost. To accomplish this, it is necessary to analyze in detail the environmental conditions of the location and the characteristics of the source of hazard.\u003cbr\u003eThe engineer who is involved in preparing the area classification must understand all of the details that will impact on his decision to classify the area Division 1, Division 2, or non-hazardous. Without a knowledge of the environmental conditions and the characteristics of the source of hazard, he, most certainly, will give the location a safety level much too high, which is not economically justifiable, or a level too low, which is unsafe. It is this approach that must be avoided.\u003cbr\u003eIn nine out often cases, a hazardous location is classified much too conservatively. The reasons for this conservative approach are a lack of knowledge and a misunderstanding of the actual concept of safety and danger. In the majority of cases, hazardous areas are classified Division I when the location could have been classified Division 2, and areas which are classified Division 2 could have been classified non-hazardous. In other cases, the location is classified non-hazardous when it should have been classified Division 1 or Division 2. It must be kept in mind that a location classified Division 1 requires explosion-proof equipment, which ranges in price from two to four times the cost of general-purpose electrical equipment, some of which are allowed in Division 2 locations. Therefore, it is important to strive to achieve a classification of a lower yet acceptable level of safety, which is commensurate with an acceptable risk and reduces the cost of electrical installations.\u003cbr\u003eTo establish such a point, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of the flammable products, along with the conditions under which the product must operate. By listing this information on appropriate forms, the evaluation of the degree of hazard and its boundaries can be correctly performed, and, as a result, the proper electrical equipment can be selected under the provisions of the NEC.\u003cbr\u003eA total of 126 tables and illustrations have been developed to assist the engineer in establishing the degree of danger and its boundaries for locations with flammable products.\u003cbr\u003eThis publication is divided into three parts with an appendix. Part I discusses the flammable and combustible principles of hazardous products and other pertinent information associated with an area classification. Part 2 discusses the environmental conditions in hazardous locations. A number of specific illustrations are included in this section. Part 3 discusses the application procedure for classifying NEC Class I locations. Examples are also included in this section. Following these sections is an appendix listing properties of flammable liquids, gases, and vapors.\u003cbr\u003eThe application of the information explained herein is mainly for flammable liquids, vapors, and gases that are processed, handled, stored, and\/or transported. A small portion of this publication explains the classification of coal handling facilities.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCONTENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlammable and Combustible Principles of Hazardous Products\u003cbr\u003eClassifying Sources of Hazard\u003cbr\u003eThe Extent of Explosion Danger for NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eSpatial Considerations\u003cbr\u003eThe Degree of Explosion Danger for NEC Class II Locations\u003cbr\u003eVentilation Requirements\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Equipment for NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Equipment for NEC Class II, Group F Locations\u003cbr\u003eIntrinsically Safe Equipment and Wiring\u003cbr\u003eInstallation of Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations\u003cbr\u003eHydrogen Gas\u003cbr\u003eCathodic Protection\u003cbr\u003eStatic Electricity\u003cbr\u003eGrounding of Tanks, Pipelines, and Tank Cars\u003cbr\u003eGrounding Requirements for Electrical Equipment\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Seals in NEC Class I Locations\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Seals in NEC Class II Locations\u003cbr\u003eApplication of Fundamentals (General Requirements for Groups A-K)\u003cbr\u003eExamples\u003cbr\u003eProperties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Vapor\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nWith a Master's Degree in electrical power engineering, W.O.E. Korver has over 15 years experience in construction and electrical installation design for chemical, petrochemical, fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, and has over 30 years experience in classifying hazardous areas. He is Senior Safety Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology."}
Description Author: C. Henneuse and T. Pacary ISBN 978-1-85957-386-0 pages 148 Summary Plastic materials, solvents, varnishes, coatings, insulating materials, glues, carpets, foams, textiles and other products may all emit volatile organic compounds that contribute to the deterioration of ambient air quality in terms of odors and pollutants. The emission may originate from the unreacted monomer, plasticizers,...
$125.00
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{"id":11242212292,"title":"Emissions from Plastics","handle":"978-1-85957-386-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Henneuse and T. Pacary \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-386-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 148\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPlastic materials, solvents, varnishes, coatings, insulating materials, glues, carpets, foams, textiles and other products may all emit volatile organic compounds that contribute to the deterioration of ambient air quality in terms of odors and pollutants. The emission may originate from the unreacted monomer, plasticizers, flame retardants, processing aids, biocides and decomposition products. These contaminants are of particular concern in confined spaces such as car interiors, houses, and offices. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report outlines the key issues regarding emissions from plastics. It summarizes the published research on a wide variety of materials and settings. New methods of analysis and testing have been developed or adapted to examine these emissions. Environmental test chambers have been built in a wide variety of sizes. Variables in experiments include temperature, humidity, and air flow. There are standard quantities of materials to test depending on the application, for example, 0.4 m2\/m3 for floorings and 0.5 m2\/m3 for paint. Emission rates alter over time and it is important to know a product's profile. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany attempts have been made to classify odor. The various methods and descriptors are discussed in this review, from the categories in use by Toyota to the 'Champs des doers'. In some cases panels of volunteers are used, in other instances electronic sensors have been developed. Food flavor can also be affected by plastic packaging. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData from analysis work on air quality and emissions from plastics are included in this report. \u003cbr\u003eThe review is accompanied by around 530 abstracts from papers and books. A subject index and a company index are included.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Analysis of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Sampling of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Headspace Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Direct Thermal Extraction\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Environmental Test Chambers and Cells\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Environmental Test Chambers\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Emission Test Cell\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Analysis of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Chemical Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Sensory Analysis \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Emissions from Plastics\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Emissions During Processing\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Emissions During Treatment\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Emissions During Storage\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Emissions During End-Use\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Building Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.1 PVC Wall and Floor Coverings\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.2 Carpets\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.3 Particleboard and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Products\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.4 Latex Paints\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.5 Evaluation of the Effects of VOC Emissions on Human Health\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Automotive Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.1 Small Part Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.2 Parts Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.3 Vehicle Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Packaging Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Remediation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatherine Henneuse and Tiphaine Pacary are experienced researchers in the field of emissions from plastics. \u003cbr\u003eCatherine Henneuse studied at the Université Catholique de Louvain (B). She obtained her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1994 and then her PhD. in organic chemistry in 1999. She took a Post Doctoral Fellowship in 1999 in collaboration with Essilor group. Then she joined Certech as the research associate. At the moment she is a project manager in the field of emissions and odors from materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTiphaine Pacary studied at the Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (F) and graduated in 2001 from the European School for Material Engineering (EEIGM, Nancy). Since 2001 she has worked as a project manager at CERTECH where her basic interest is the study of Volatile Organic Compounds emitted from indoor materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:15-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:15-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","analysis","book","carpets","cells","coatings","coverings","emissions","environment","environmenta","fibreboard","floor","foams","glues","health","insulating materials","latex","MDF","paints","plastic materials","PVC","safety","sensory","solvents","test chambers","textiles","varnishes","wall"],"price":12500,"price_min":12500,"price_max":12500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378340164,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Emissions from Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-386-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-386-0.jpg?v=1499725491"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-386-0.jpg?v=1499725491","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354454536285,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-386-0.jpg?v=1499725491"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-386-0.jpg?v=1499725491","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Henneuse and T. Pacary \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-386-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 148\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPlastic materials, solvents, varnishes, coatings, insulating materials, glues, carpets, foams, textiles and other products may all emit volatile organic compounds that contribute to the deterioration of ambient air quality in terms of odors and pollutants. The emission may originate from the unreacted monomer, plasticizers, flame retardants, processing aids, biocides and decomposition products. These contaminants are of particular concern in confined spaces such as car interiors, houses, and offices. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report outlines the key issues regarding emissions from plastics. It summarizes the published research on a wide variety of materials and settings. New methods of analysis and testing have been developed or adapted to examine these emissions. Environmental test chambers have been built in a wide variety of sizes. Variables in experiments include temperature, humidity, and air flow. There are standard quantities of materials to test depending on the application, for example, 0.4 m2\/m3 for floorings and 0.5 m2\/m3 for paint. Emission rates alter over time and it is important to know a product's profile. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany attempts have been made to classify odor. The various methods and descriptors are discussed in this review, from the categories in use by Toyota to the 'Champs des doers'. In some cases panels of volunteers are used, in other instances electronic sensors have been developed. Food flavor can also be affected by plastic packaging. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData from analysis work on air quality and emissions from plastics are included in this report. \u003cbr\u003eThe review is accompanied by around 530 abstracts from papers and books. A subject index and a company index are included.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Analysis of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Sampling of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Headspace Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Direct Thermal Extraction\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Environmental Test Chambers and Cells\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Environmental Test Chambers\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Emission Test Cell\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Analysis of Emissions\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Chemical Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Sensory Analysis \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Emissions from Plastics\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Emissions During Processing\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Emissions During Treatment\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Emissions During Storage\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Emissions During End-Use\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Building Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.1 PVC Wall and Floor Coverings\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.2 Carpets\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.3 Particleboard and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Products\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.4 Latex Paints\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1.5 Evaluation of the Effects of VOC Emissions on Human Health\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Automotive Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.1 Small Part Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.2 Parts Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2.3 Vehicle Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Packaging Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Remediation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatherine Henneuse and Tiphaine Pacary are experienced researchers in the field of emissions from plastics. \u003cbr\u003eCatherine Henneuse studied at the Université Catholique de Louvain (B). She obtained her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1994 and then her PhD. in organic chemistry in 1999. She took a Post Doctoral Fellowship in 1999 in collaboration with Essilor group. Then she joined Certech as the research associate. At the moment she is a project manager in the field of emissions and odors from materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTiphaine Pacary studied at the Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (F) and graduated in 2001 from the European School for Material Engineering (EEIGM, Nancy). Since 2001 she has worked as a project manager at CERTECH where her basic interest is the study of Volatile Organic Compounds emitted from indoor materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: M.J. Forrest, A.M. Jolly, S.R. Holding, S. J. Richards ISBN 978-1-85957-041-8 62 pages, softbound Summary A broad range of bulk thermoplastic materials were studied by monitoring real processing situations (both moulding and extrusion). Materials studied included PVC, nylon 6, ABS, HIPS, LDPE and HDPE. Emissions collected during standard processing and purging operations were analysed...
$190.00
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{"id":11242256452,"title":"Emissions from Processing Thermoplastics","handle":"978-1-85957-041-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: M.J. Forrest, A.M. Jolly, S.R. Holding, S. J. Richards \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-041-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e62 pages, softbound\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA broad range of bulk thermoplastic materials were studied by monitoring real processing situations (both moulding and extrusion). Materials studied included PVC, nylon 6, ABS, HIPS, LDPE and HDPE. Emissions collected during standard processing and purging operations were analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:33-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:33-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1995","ABS","blow molding","blown film","book","cable","chromatography","environment","extrusion","HDPE","HIPS","injection molding","LDPE","LDPE\/LLDPE","PA-6","PP","PVC","SA","sheet extrusion","spectrometry","tape"],"price":19000,"price_min":19000,"price_max":19000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378497412,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Emissions from Processing Thermoplastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":19000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-041-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-041-8.jpg?v=1499913691"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-041-8.jpg?v=1499913691","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":361594650717,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-041-8.jpg?v=1499913691"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-041-8.jpg?v=1499913691","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: M.J. Forrest, A.M. Jolly, S.R. Holding, S. J. Richards \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-041-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e62 pages, softbound\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA broad range of bulk thermoplastic materials were studied by monitoring real processing situations (both moulding and extrusion). Materials studied included PVC, nylon 6, ABS, HIPS, LDPE and HDPE. Emissions collected during standard processing and purging operations were analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: Edited By Maohong Fan, C.P. Huang, Alan E. Bland, Zhonglin Wang, Rachid Slimane & Ian G. Wright ISBN 978-0-08-054820-3 310 pages Summary Key Features: Presents research results from a number of countries with various nanotechnologies in multidisciplinary environmental engineering fieldsGives a solid introduction to the basic theories needed for understanding how environanotechnologies can...
$175.00
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{"id":11242249540,"title":"Environanotechnology","handle":"978-0-08-054820-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited By Maohong Fan, C.P. Huang, Alan E. Bland, Zhonglin Wang, Rachid Slimane \u0026amp; Ian G. Wright \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-08-054820-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e310 pages\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features: \u003c\/b\u003ePresents research results from a number of countries with various nanotechnologies in multidisciplinary environmental engineering fields\u003cbr\u003eGives a solid introduction to the basic theories needed for understanding how environanotechnologies can be developed cost-effectively, and when they should be applied in a responsible manner\u003cbr\u003eIncludes worked examples that put environmental problems in context to show the actual connections between nanotechnology and environmental engineering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription \u003c\/b\u003eUnderstanding and utilizing the interactions between environment and nanoscale materials is a new way to resolve the increasingly challenging environmental issues we are facing and will continue to face. Environanotechnology is the nanoscale technology developed for monitoring the quality of the environment, treating water and wastewater, as well as controlling air pollutants. Therefore, the applications of nanotechnology in environmental engineering have been of great interest to many fields and consequently, a fair amount of research on the use of nanoscale materials for dealing with environmental issues has been conducted.\u003cbr\u003eThe aim of this book is to report on the results recently achieved in different countries. It provides useful technological information for environmental scientists and will assist them in creating cost-effective nanotechnologies to solve critical environmental problems, including those associated with energy production.\u003cbr\u003eLeadership, graduate students, postgraduate students, researchers and chemical engineers\/environmental engineers\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003e1.Responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia to Photocatalytic Nano-TiO2 Particles\u003cbr\u003e2. High capacity removal of mercury(II) ions by Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e3. CO2 response of nanostructured CoSb2O6 synthesized by a non-aqueous co-precipitation method\u003cbr\u003e4. Capture of CO2 by modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003e5. Kinetics, thermodynamics, and regeneration of BTEX adsorption in aqueous solutions via NaOCl oxidized carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003e6.Nanostructured Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e7.Hydrogen Storage on Carbon Adsorbents: Review\u003cbr\u003e8.Treatment of nanodiamonds in supercritical water\u003cbr\u003e9.Spectrophotometric Flow-Injection System Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as Solid Preconcentrator for Copper Monitoring in Water Samples\u003cbr\u003e10. Application of carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extraction material \u003cbr\u003efor environmental samples\u003cbr\u003e11. Fire retarded environmentally friendly flexible foam materials using nanotechnology\u003cbr\u003e12. Simulation of Hydrogen Purification by Pressure Swing Adsorption for Application in Fuel Cells \u003cbr\u003e13. On the Relationship between Social Ethics and Environmental Nanotechnology\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:13-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:13-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2010","book","carbon nantubes","environment","fire retardant","nano"],"price":17500,"price_min":17500,"price_max":17500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378470340,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Environanotechnology","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":17500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-08-054820-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-08-054820-3.jpg?v=1499725449"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-08-054820-3.jpg?v=1499725449","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354794766429,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-08-054820-3.jpg?v=1499725449"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-08-054820-3.jpg?v=1499725449","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited By Maohong Fan, C.P. Huang, Alan E. Bland, Zhonglin Wang, Rachid Slimane \u0026amp; Ian G. Wright \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-08-054820-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e310 pages\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features: \u003c\/b\u003ePresents research results from a number of countries with various nanotechnologies in multidisciplinary environmental engineering fields\u003cbr\u003eGives a solid introduction to the basic theories needed for understanding how environanotechnologies can be developed cost-effectively, and when they should be applied in a responsible manner\u003cbr\u003eIncludes worked examples that put environmental problems in context to show the actual connections between nanotechnology and environmental engineering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription \u003c\/b\u003eUnderstanding and utilizing the interactions between environment and nanoscale materials is a new way to resolve the increasingly challenging environmental issues we are facing and will continue to face. Environanotechnology is the nanoscale technology developed for monitoring the quality of the environment, treating water and wastewater, as well as controlling air pollutants. Therefore, the applications of nanotechnology in environmental engineering have been of great interest to many fields and consequently, a fair amount of research on the use of nanoscale materials for dealing with environmental issues has been conducted.\u003cbr\u003eThe aim of this book is to report on the results recently achieved in different countries. It provides useful technological information for environmental scientists and will assist them in creating cost-effective nanotechnologies to solve critical environmental problems, including those associated with energy production.\u003cbr\u003eLeadership, graduate students, postgraduate students, researchers and chemical engineers\/environmental engineers\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003e1.Responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia to Photocatalytic Nano-TiO2 Particles\u003cbr\u003e2. High capacity removal of mercury(II) ions by Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e3. CO2 response of nanostructured CoSb2O6 synthesized by a non-aqueous co-precipitation method\u003cbr\u003e4. Capture of CO2 by modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003e5. Kinetics, thermodynamics, and regeneration of BTEX adsorption in aqueous solutions via NaOCl oxidized carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003e6.Nanostructured Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e7.Hydrogen Storage on Carbon Adsorbents: Review\u003cbr\u003e8.Treatment of nanodiamonds in supercritical water\u003cbr\u003e9.Spectrophotometric Flow-Injection System Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as Solid Preconcentrator for Copper Monitoring in Water Samples\u003cbr\u003e10. Application of carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extraction material \u003cbr\u003efor environmental samples\u003cbr\u003e11. Fire retarded environmentally friendly flexible foam materials using nanotechnology\u003cbr\u003e12. Simulation of Hydrogen Purification by Pressure Swing Adsorption for Application in Fuel Cells \u003cbr\u003e13. On the Relationship between Social Ethics and Environmental Nanotechnology\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Description Author: Salvatore Parisi ISBN 9781847356093 page 398 Summary Quality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge...
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{"id":11242241284,"title":"Food Industry and Packaging Materials - Performance-oriented Guidelines for Users","handle":"9781847356093","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Salvatore Parisi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781847356093 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epage 398\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nQuality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge is essentially orientated to the performance of the final products (the packaged food).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the assessment of the suitability of food packaging materials has to be legally demonstrated by food producers in the European Union.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides detailed and comprehensible information about Quality Control (QC) in the industry. Different viewpoints are explained in relation to food companies, packaging producers, and technical experts, including regulatory aspects. One of the most important steps is the comprehension of QC failures in relation to the ‘food product’ (food\/packaging).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also presents a detailed selection of proposals about new testing methods. On the basis of regulatory obligations in the EU about the technological suitability of food packaging materials, a list of ‘performance-oriented’ guidelines is proposed. Food sectors are mentioned in relation to products, related packaging materials, known failures and existing quality control procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume serves as a practical guide on food packaging and QC methods and a quick reference to food operators, official safety inspectors, public health institutions, Certification bodies, students and researchers from the academia and the industry.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 The Essential Role of Quality Control Procedures: General Principles.\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Basic Concepts for Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Quality in the Food and Beverage Field \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Quality: Management Systems and Control-based Procedures \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Statistical Consideration: Sampling Plans \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Influence of Numbers \u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Influence of Analytical Results \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Quality Control and Economic Sustainability \u003cbr\u003e1.4 The Quality Control Team: Organisation, Duties, and Responsibilities \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Differences between Food Companies and Other Industries: Safety Concepts \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Quality in the Food Industry: Hazard Analysis and Critical \u003cbr\u003eControl Points and Different Risk Levels \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Quality in Chemical Industries: The Analytical Approach \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Quality in Manufacturing Industries: The Packaging \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Food Packaging and Practical Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quality in Packaging Industries: Hybrid Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Food Industries: Chemistry, Microbiology, and Safety of Related Products \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Chemistry of Food Products - General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Food Technology of Commerce - Standardisation of Production, Packing and Storage Processes\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Relation between Sensory Features and Chemical Composition \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Preventive Definition of Chemical and Microbiological Modifications \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Evaluation of Food Products - Chemical Contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Microbiology of Food Products - Technological Implications \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Microbiology and Safety \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Microbiological Quality: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Pathogenic Bacteria \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Other Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Risks \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Food Alterations: The Problem of Shelf Life Assessment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Packaging Industries: Chemistry and Technology of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Plastic Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Metal Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Metal Packages: General Features \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Metal Packaging: Production and Technology \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Metal Packages: The Metallic Support \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Plastic Coatings \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Active Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Packaging and Processing Methods in the Food Industry: Most Common Failures \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Polycoupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Meat Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Analytical Methods for Food Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 The Evaluation of Chemical Risks \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Microbiological Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Total Viable Count \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Food Alterations: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Pathogenic Microorganisms \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Detection of Foreign Substances \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Evaluation of Shelf Life Values \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Analytical and Testing Methods for Food Packaging \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Mechanical Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Thermal Testing - Sterilisation and Other Treatments \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Other Simple Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Legal Requirements for Food Products and Packaging Materials in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Food Products - Hygiene and Safety Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Food Packaging - Legal Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Conceptual Barriers between Packaging Producers and Food Industries: \u003cbr\u003eProposals for a ‘Second Level’ Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Food Operators and their Competence in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Collaborative Design of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Food Industries Needs New Approaches about Quality Control for Accessory Materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Food Packaging for Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: A Short Discussion about the Assessment of Technological Suitability \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: Sampling Plans and Simplified Advice \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.1 Defective Closure and Sealing (Different Causes and Damages) . \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.2 Migration of Macroscopic and Microscopic Bodies and Particles from Food Packaging Materials to Foods (Different Causes and Damages) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.3 Migration of Printing Inks (Ghosting Effect and Similar Situations) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.4 Superficial Damage and Ageing Correlation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.1 Superficial Damage, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles and Dewetting. \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.2 Presence of Foreign Bodies (Different Causes) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.3 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.4 Different Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.5 Workability Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.1 Excessive Rigidity of Cellulosic Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.2 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.3 Paper Wrinkling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.4 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.5 Bleeding Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.6 Adhesion Defects (or Excessive Dripping) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.7 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.8 Final Thoughts about Paper Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.2 Scratches \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.3 Micro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.4 Macro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.5 Final Considerations: Other Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 A Necessary Premise \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1 Abrasion Test according to Parisi - Method for the Evaluation of the Laceration of Rigid Boxes for MAP Packed Cheeses \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 Evaluation of Hydric Apparent Absorption and Related Modifications in Packed Cheeses with Different Food Packaging Materials (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Food Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Packed, Semi-hard Cheeses in Relation to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Digital Image Analysis and Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Colorimetry \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Digital Acquisition and Interpretation of Pictures \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Image Analysis and Processing - Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 Image Analysis and Processing - Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Image Analysis and Processing: Practical Examples\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Food Packaging for Meat and Meat-based Foods \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect\u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.4 Possible Fractures of Edible and Plastic Casings \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.1 Superficial Damages, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles, Dewetting\u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.2 External Lithography and Related Defects \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.1 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.2 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1 Method for the Evaluation of Impact Resistance of Infrangible Glass Containers (Final Use: Pasteurised Meat Preparations) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Estimation of the Shelf Life for Integrated Meat Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Modified Atmosphere Packaging Fresh Meats with the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Food Packaging for Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.4 Micro-bubbling and Bursting \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2.1 Canned Fish and Vegetable Products - Specific Colorimetric Variations\u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1 Delamination Test on Sealable Polycoupled Packages (Easy Peel Pouches) for Tuna Fish \u003cbr\u003ein Water \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Fish Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Vacuum Packed and Frozen Fish in Relation to the \u003cbr\u003eUse of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Food Packaging for Fruits, Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2.1 Specific Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1 Sterilisation Test on Metal Cans for Double Concentrated Tomato Sauce \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Canned Peas with Reference to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.1 Objective\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Food Packaging for Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (High Sensibility)\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (Low Sensibility) \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Food Producers Will Need More Training \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Will Official Regulations Follow Voluntary Testing Methods? \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Performance-Oriented Guidelines - Perspectives for Advanced Training in Academia \u003cbr\u003e15.4 The Viewpoint of Certification Bodies \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 List of Accredited Organisations with Recognised Authority \u003cbr\u003e(Analytical Testing Methods)\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations \u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:47-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:47-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","book","environment","food","formulation","health","management system","microbiology","p-applications","packaging","polymer","quality","quality control"],"price":20500,"price_min":20500,"price_max":20500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378438084,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Food Industry and Packaging Materials - Performance-oriented Guidelines for Users","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":20500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9781847356093","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354808594525,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.665,"height":499,"width":332,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787"},"aspect_ratio":0.665,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787","width":332}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Salvatore Parisi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781847356093 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epage 398\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nQuality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge is essentially orientated to the performance of the final products (the packaged food).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the assessment of the suitability of food packaging materials has to be legally demonstrated by food producers in the European Union.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides detailed and comprehensible information about Quality Control (QC) in the industry. Different viewpoints are explained in relation to food companies, packaging producers, and technical experts, including regulatory aspects. One of the most important steps is the comprehension of QC failures in relation to the ‘food product’ (food\/packaging).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also presents a detailed selection of proposals about new testing methods. On the basis of regulatory obligations in the EU about the technological suitability of food packaging materials, a list of ‘performance-oriented’ guidelines is proposed. Food sectors are mentioned in relation to products, related packaging materials, known failures and existing quality control procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume serves as a practical guide on food packaging and QC methods and a quick reference to food operators, official safety inspectors, public health institutions, Certification bodies, students and researchers from the academia and the industry.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 The Essential Role of Quality Control Procedures: General Principles.\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Basic Concepts for Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Quality in the Food and Beverage Field \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Quality: Management Systems and Control-based Procedures \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Statistical Consideration: Sampling Plans \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Influence of Numbers \u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Influence of Analytical Results \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Quality Control and Economic Sustainability \u003cbr\u003e1.4 The Quality Control Team: Organisation, Duties, and Responsibilities \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Differences between Food Companies and Other Industries: Safety Concepts \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Quality in the Food Industry: Hazard Analysis and Critical \u003cbr\u003eControl Points and Different Risk Levels \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Quality in Chemical Industries: The Analytical Approach \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Quality in Manufacturing Industries: The Packaging \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Food Packaging and Practical Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quality in Packaging Industries: Hybrid Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Food Industries: Chemistry, Microbiology, and Safety of Related Products \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Chemistry of Food Products - General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Food Technology of Commerce - Standardisation of Production, Packing and Storage Processes\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Relation between Sensory Features and Chemical Composition \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Preventive Definition of Chemical and Microbiological Modifications \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Evaluation of Food Products - Chemical Contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Microbiology of Food Products - Technological Implications \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Microbiology and Safety \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Microbiological Quality: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Pathogenic Bacteria \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Other Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Risks \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Food Alterations: The Problem of Shelf Life Assessment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Packaging Industries: Chemistry and Technology of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Plastic Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Metal Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Metal Packages: General Features \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Metal Packaging: Production and Technology \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Metal Packages: The Metallic Support \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Plastic Coatings \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Active Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Packaging and Processing Methods in the Food Industry: Most Common Failures \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Polycoupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Meat Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Analytical Methods for Food Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 The Evaluation of Chemical Risks \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Microbiological Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Total Viable Count \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Food Alterations: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Pathogenic Microorganisms \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Detection of Foreign Substances \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Evaluation of Shelf Life Values \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Analytical and Testing Methods for Food Packaging \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Mechanical Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Thermal Testing - Sterilisation and Other Treatments \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Other Simple Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Legal Requirements for Food Products and Packaging Materials in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Food Products - Hygiene and Safety Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Food Packaging - Legal Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Conceptual Barriers between Packaging Producers and Food Industries: \u003cbr\u003eProposals for a ‘Second Level’ Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Food Operators and their Competence in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Collaborative Design of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Food Industries Needs New Approaches about Quality Control for Accessory Materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Food Packaging for Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: A Short Discussion about the Assessment of Technological Suitability \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: Sampling Plans and Simplified Advice \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.1 Defective Closure and Sealing (Different Causes and Damages) . \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.2 Migration of Macroscopic and Microscopic Bodies and Particles from Food Packaging Materials to Foods (Different Causes and Damages) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.3 Migration of Printing Inks (Ghosting Effect and Similar Situations) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.4 Superficial Damage and Ageing Correlation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.1 Superficial Damage, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles and Dewetting. \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.2 Presence of Foreign Bodies (Different Causes) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.3 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.4 Different Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.5 Workability Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.1 Excessive Rigidity of Cellulosic Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.2 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.3 Paper Wrinkling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.4 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.5 Bleeding Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.6 Adhesion Defects (or Excessive Dripping) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.7 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.8 Final Thoughts about Paper Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.2 Scratches \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.3 Micro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.4 Macro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.5 Final Considerations: Other Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 A Necessary Premise \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1 Abrasion Test according to Parisi - Method for the Evaluation of the Laceration of Rigid Boxes for MAP Packed Cheeses \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 Evaluation of Hydric Apparent Absorption and Related Modifications in Packed Cheeses with Different Food Packaging Materials (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Food Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Packed, Semi-hard Cheeses in Relation to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Digital Image Analysis and Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Colorimetry \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Digital Acquisition and Interpretation of Pictures \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Image Analysis and Processing - Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 Image Analysis and Processing - Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Image Analysis and Processing: Practical Examples\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Food Packaging for Meat and Meat-based Foods \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect\u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.4 Possible Fractures of Edible and Plastic Casings \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.1 Superficial Damages, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles, Dewetting\u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.2 External Lithography and Related Defects \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.1 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.2 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1 Method for the Evaluation of Impact Resistance of Infrangible Glass Containers (Final Use: Pasteurised Meat Preparations) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Estimation of the Shelf Life for Integrated Meat Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Modified Atmosphere Packaging Fresh Meats with the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Food Packaging for Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.4 Micro-bubbling and Bursting \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2.1 Canned Fish and Vegetable Products - Specific Colorimetric Variations\u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1 Delamination Test on Sealable Polycoupled Packages (Easy Peel Pouches) for Tuna Fish \u003cbr\u003ein Water \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Fish Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Vacuum Packed and Frozen Fish in Relation to the \u003cbr\u003eUse of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Food Packaging for Fruits, Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2.1 Specific Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1 Sterilisation Test on Metal Cans for Double Concentrated Tomato Sauce \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Canned Peas with Reference to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.1 Objective\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Food Packaging for Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (High Sensibility)\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (Low Sensibility) \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Food Producers Will Need More Training \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Will Official Regulations Follow Voluntary Testing Methods? \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Performance-Oriented Guidelines - Perspectives for Advanced Training in Academia \u003cbr\u003e15.4 The Viewpoint of Certification Bodies \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 List of Accredited Organisations with Recognised Authority \u003cbr\u003e(Analytical Testing Methods)\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations \u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Description Author: C. Bastioli ISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 Pages: 533 Softcover Summary Biodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental...
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{"id":11242212484,"title":"Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers","handle":"978-1-85957-389-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Bastioli \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 533\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoftcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBiodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental concerns: decreasing availability of landfill space, declining petrochemical sources, and also offer an alternative option to recycling. Rapra's Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers is a complete guide to the subject of biodegradable polymers and is ideal for those new to the subject or those wanting to supplement their existing knowledge. The book covers the mechanisms of degradation in various environments, by both biological and non-biological means, and the methods for measuring biodegradation. The degree and rate of biodegradation is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer and its working environment, and so there is no single optimal method for determining biodegradation. This handbook provides discussion of international and national standards and certification procedures developed to ensure accurate communication of a material's biodegradability between producers, authorities and consumers. The book goes on to consider the characteristics, processability and application areas for biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Biodegradability of Polymers – Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Defining Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 Non-biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Measuring Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Enzyme Assays\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Plate Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Respiration Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.4 Gas (CO2 or CH4) Evolution Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.5 Radioactively Labelled Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.6 Laboratory-scale Simulated Accelerating Environments\u003cbr\u003e1.5.7 Natural Environments – Field Trials\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Factors Affecting Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Degradation in Real Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Degradation in Sweet Water and Marine Environment\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Degradation in Laboratory Tests Simulating Real Aquatic Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Aerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Anaerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Degradation in Laboratory Tests with Optimised and Defined Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Standard Tests for Biodegradable Polymers Using Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in the Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.1 I Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Biodegradable Polymers and the Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Biodegradable Polymers and Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2 How Polymers Reach Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Intentional Delivery\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Unintentional Delivery: Littering\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Soil Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Surface Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Underground Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Degradability of Polymers in Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 The Standardisation Approach\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 T Test Methods and Criteria\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Effects of Biodegradable Polymers on Soil Living Organisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Performing the Assessment: Transient and Permanent Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Test Material Concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Preparation of the Soil Sample Ready for Ecotoxicity Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biodegradability of Materials in Soil: A Survey of the Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Ecotoxicological Aspects in the Biodegradation Process of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 The Need of Ecotoxicity Analysis for Biodegradable Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Standards and Regulations for Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Detection of the Influences on an Ecosystem Caused by the Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Potential Influences of Polymers After Composting\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Potential Influences of Polymers During and After Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment\u003cbr\u003e4.2 A Short Introduction to Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Theory of Dose-Response Relationships\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Test Design in Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Toxicity Tests and Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Ecotoxicity Profile Analysis\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Recommendations and Standard Procedures for Biotests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Bioassays with Higher Plants\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Bioassays with Earthworms (Eisenia foetida)\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Preparation of Elutriates for Aquatic Ecotoxicity Tests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Bioassays with Algae\u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Bioassays with Luminescent Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Bioassays with Daphnia\u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Evaluation of Bioassay Results Obtained from Samples of Complex Composition\u003cbr\u003e4.3.8 Testing of Sediments\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Special Prerequisites to be Considered when Applying Bioassays for Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Nutrients in the Sample\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Biodegradation Intermediates\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Diversity of the Microorganism Population\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Humic Substances\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Evaluation of Test Results and Limits of Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Research Results for Ecotoxicity Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 The Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Biodegradation Pathways and Formation of Potentially Ecotoxic Metabolites\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Ecotoxicity of the Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing After Degradation in Compost or After Anaerobic Digestion\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing During Degradation in Soil\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Consequences for Test Schemes for Investigations on Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 International and National Norms on Biodegradability and Certification Procedures\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Organisations for Standardisation\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Aquatic, Aerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Compost Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Compostability Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Compost Disintegration Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Soil Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Aquatic, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 High-Solids, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Marine Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Other Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Certification\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Different Certification Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 General Characteristics, Processability, Industrial Applications and Market Evolution of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Polymer Biodegradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Polymer Molecular Size, Structure and Chemical Composition\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Biodegradable Polymer Classes\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Modified Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Processability\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Film Blowing and Casting\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Moulding\u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Fibre Spinning\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Loose-Fill Packaging\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Compost Bags\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Market Evolution \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Various Types of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Poly[R-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P[3HB-co-3HV])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB-co-4HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Other PHA Copolymers with Interesting Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Uncommon PHA Constituents\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Mechanisms of PHA Biosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Conditions that Promote the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of PHA in Microorganisms\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Carbon Sources for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Biochemical Pathways Involved in the Metabolism of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 The Key Enzyme of PHA Biosynthesis, PHA Synthase\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Genetically Modified Systems and Other Methods for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Recombinant Escherichia coli\u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Transgenic Plants\u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 In vitro Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Biodegradation of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Applications of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Conclusions and Outlook \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Starch-Based Technology\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Starch Polymer\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Starch-filled Plastics\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Thermoplastic Starch\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Starch-Based Materials on the Market\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Poly(Lactic Acid) and Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Homopolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Functionalised Polymers\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Structure, Properties, Degradation, and Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Development of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Degradability and Degradation Mechanism\u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 General Mechanism\/Definition\u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Degradation of Pure Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Degradation of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Commercial Products and Characteristic Material Data\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ecoflex\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Eastar Bio\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Biomax\u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 EnPol\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Characteristic Material Data \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Material Formed from Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Structure of Material Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Formation of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 ‘Solvent Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 ‘Thermoplastic Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Properties of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Polyester Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Polycondensation of Hydroxyacids and Esters\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Polymerisation of Dicarboxylic Acids or Their Activated Derivatives with Glycols\u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Ring Opening Polymerisation of Carbonates and Other Cyclic Monomers\u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Ring Opening Polymerisation and Copolymerisation of Lactones\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Oxidative Polymerisation of Phenol and Derivatives of Phenol\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Enzymatic Polymerisation of Polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Environmental Life Cycle Comparisons of Biodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Methodology of LCA\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Presentation of Comparative Data\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Starch Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Polylactides (PLA)\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Other Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Summarising Comparison\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Discussion\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.1 Overview of environmental life cycle comparisons or biodegradable polymers included in this review\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.2 Checklist for the preparation of an LCA for biodegradable plastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.3 List of abbreviations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Biodegradable Polymers and the Optimisation of Models for Source Separation and Composting of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 The Development of Composting and Schemes for Source Separation of Biowaste in Europe: A Matter of Quality\u003cbr\u003e14.2 The Driving Forces for Composting in the EU\u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 The Directive on the Landfill of Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 The Proposed Directive on Biological Treatment of Biodegradable Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Source Separation of Organic Waste in Mediterranean Countries: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e14.5 ‘Biowaste’, ‘VGF’ and ‘Food Waste’: Relevance of a Definition on Performances of the Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e14.6 The Importance of Biobags\u003cbr\u003e14.6.1 Features of ‘Biobags’: The Importance of Biodegradability and its Cost-Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Cost Assessment of Optimised Schemes\u003cbr\u003e14.7.1 Tools to Optimise the Schemes and their Suitability in Different Situations\u003cbr\u003e14.8 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eContributors\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatia Bastioli is the Managing Director and Research Manager of Novamont, a leading innovation company in the sector of bioplastics. She is the author of more than 90 papers on various scientific and industrial subjects published in International Journals, Proceedings of International Conferences and books. She has filed more than 50 patents and patent applications in the sectors of synthetic and natural polymers. The patents in the sector of starch-based materials are a significant part of the Novamont patent portfolio.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:16-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:16-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","applications","aquatic","assays","biodegradable polymers","biopolymers","biowaste","book","copolymers","degradation","environment","enzyme","evolution","food waste","gas","homopolymers","landfill","measuring biodegradation","physical properties","plate tests","properties","radioactively labelled Simulated","respiration tests","soil","structure","VGF","waste"],"price":19800,"price_min":19800,"price_max":19800,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378341764,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":19800,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-389-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354809708637,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Bastioli \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 533\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoftcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBiodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental concerns: decreasing availability of landfill space, declining petrochemical sources, and also offer an alternative option to recycling. Rapra's Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers is a complete guide to the subject of biodegradable polymers and is ideal for those new to the subject or those wanting to supplement their existing knowledge. The book covers the mechanisms of degradation in various environments, by both biological and non-biological means, and the methods for measuring biodegradation. The degree and rate of biodegradation is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer and its working environment, and so there is no single optimal method for determining biodegradation. This handbook provides discussion of international and national standards and certification procedures developed to ensure accurate communication of a material's biodegradability between producers, authorities and consumers. The book goes on to consider the characteristics, processability and application areas for biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Biodegradability of Polymers – Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Defining Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 Non-biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Measuring Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Enzyme Assays\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Plate Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Respiration Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.4 Gas (CO2 or CH4) Evolution Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.5 Radioactively Labelled Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.6 Laboratory-scale Simulated Accelerating Environments\u003cbr\u003e1.5.7 Natural Environments – Field Trials\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Factors Affecting Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Degradation in Real Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Degradation in Sweet Water and Marine Environment\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Degradation in Laboratory Tests Simulating Real Aquatic Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Aerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Anaerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Degradation in Laboratory Tests with Optimised and Defined Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Standard Tests for Biodegradable Polymers Using Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in the Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.1 I Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Biodegradable Polymers and the Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Biodegradable Polymers and Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2 How Polymers Reach Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Intentional Delivery\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Unintentional Delivery: Littering\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Soil Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Surface Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Underground Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Degradability of Polymers in Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 The Standardisation Approach\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 T Test Methods and Criteria\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Effects of Biodegradable Polymers on Soil Living Organisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Performing the Assessment: Transient and Permanent Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Test Material Concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Preparation of the Soil Sample Ready for Ecotoxicity Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biodegradability of Materials in Soil: A Survey of the Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Ecotoxicological Aspects in the Biodegradation Process of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 The Need of Ecotoxicity Analysis for Biodegradable Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Standards and Regulations for Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Detection of the Influences on an Ecosystem Caused by the Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Potential Influences of Polymers After Composting\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Potential Influences of Polymers During and After Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment\u003cbr\u003e4.2 A Short Introduction to Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Theory of Dose-Response Relationships\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Test Design in Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Toxicity Tests and Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Ecotoxicity Profile Analysis\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Recommendations and Standard Procedures for Biotests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Bioassays with Higher Plants\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Bioassays with Earthworms (Eisenia foetida)\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Preparation of Elutriates for Aquatic Ecotoxicity Tests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Bioassays with Algae\u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Bioassays with Luminescent Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Bioassays with Daphnia\u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Evaluation of Bioassay Results Obtained from Samples of Complex Composition\u003cbr\u003e4.3.8 Testing of Sediments\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Special Prerequisites to be Considered when Applying Bioassays for Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Nutrients in the Sample\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Biodegradation Intermediates\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Diversity of the Microorganism Population\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Humic Substances\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Evaluation of Test Results and Limits of Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Research Results for Ecotoxicity Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 The Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Biodegradation Pathways and Formation of Potentially Ecotoxic Metabolites\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Ecotoxicity of the Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing After Degradation in Compost or After Anaerobic Digestion\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing During Degradation in Soil\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Consequences for Test Schemes for Investigations on Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 International and National Norms on Biodegradability and Certification Procedures\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Organisations for Standardisation\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Aquatic, Aerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Compost Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Compostability Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Compost Disintegration Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Soil Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Aquatic, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 High-Solids, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Marine Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Other Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Certification\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Different Certification Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 General Characteristics, Processability, Industrial Applications and Market Evolution of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Polymer Biodegradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Polymer Molecular Size, Structure and Chemical Composition\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Biodegradable Polymer Classes\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Modified Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Processability\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Film Blowing and Casting\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Moulding\u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Fibre Spinning\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Loose-Fill Packaging\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Compost Bags\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Market Evolution \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Various Types of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Poly[R-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P[3HB-co-3HV])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB-co-4HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Other PHA Copolymers with Interesting Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Uncommon PHA Constituents\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Mechanisms of PHA Biosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Conditions that Promote the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of PHA in Microorganisms\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Carbon Sources for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Biochemical Pathways Involved in the Metabolism of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 The Key Enzyme of PHA Biosynthesis, PHA Synthase\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Genetically Modified Systems and Other Methods for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Recombinant Escherichia coli\u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Transgenic Plants\u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 In vitro Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Biodegradation of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Applications of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Conclusions and Outlook \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Starch-Based Technology\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Starch Polymer\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Starch-filled Plastics\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Thermoplastic Starch\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Starch-Based Materials on the Market\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Poly(Lactic Acid) and Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Homopolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Functionalised Polymers\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Structure, Properties, Degradation, and Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Development of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Degradability and Degradation Mechanism\u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 General Mechanism\/Definition\u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Degradation of Pure Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Degradation of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Commercial Products and Characteristic Material Data\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ecoflex\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Eastar Bio\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Biomax\u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 EnPol\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Characteristic Material Data \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Material Formed from Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Structure of Material Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Formation of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 ‘Solvent Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 ‘Thermoplastic Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Properties of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Polyester Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Polycondensation of Hydroxyacids and Esters\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Polymerisation of Dicarboxylic Acids or Their Activated Derivatives with Glycols\u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Ring Opening Polymerisation of Carbonates and Other Cyclic Monomers\u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Ring Opening Polymerisation and Copolymerisation of Lactones\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Oxidative Polymerisation of Phenol and Derivatives of Phenol\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Enzymatic Polymerisation of Polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Environmental Life Cycle Comparisons of Biodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Methodology of LCA\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Presentation of Comparative Data\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Starch Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Polylactides (PLA)\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Other Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Summarising Comparison\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Discussion\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.1 Overview of environmental life cycle comparisons or biodegradable polymers included in this review\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.2 Checklist for the preparation of an LCA for biodegradable plastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.3 List of abbreviations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Biodegradable Polymers and the Optimisation of Models for Source Separation and Composting of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 The Development of Composting and Schemes for Source Separation of Biowaste in Europe: A Matter of Quality\u003cbr\u003e14.2 The Driving Forces for Composting in the EU\u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 The Directive on the Landfill of Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 The Proposed Directive on Biological Treatment of Biodegradable Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Source Separation of Organic Waste in Mediterranean Countries: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e14.5 ‘Biowaste’, ‘VGF’ and ‘Food Waste’: Relevance of a Definition on Performances of the Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e14.6 The Importance of Biobags\u003cbr\u003e14.6.1 Features of ‘Biobags’: The Importance of Biodegradability and its Cost-Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Cost Assessment of Optimised Schemes\u003cbr\u003e14.7.1 Tools to Optimise the Schemes and their Suitability in Different Situations\u003cbr\u003e14.8 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eContributors\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatia Bastioli is the Managing Director and Research Manager of Novamont, a leading innovation company in the sector of bioplastics. She is the author of more than 90 papers on various scientific and industrial subjects published in International Journals, Proceedings of International Conferences and books. She has filed more than 50 patents and patent applications in the sectors of synthetic and natural polymers. The patents in the sector of starch-based materials are a significant part of the Novamont patent portfolio."}