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Description Author: Salvatore Parisi ISBN 9781847356093 page 398 Summary Quality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge...
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{"id":11242241284,"title":"Food Industry and Packaging Materials - Performance-oriented Guidelines for Users","handle":"9781847356093","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Salvatore Parisi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781847356093 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epage 398\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nQuality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge is essentially orientated to the performance of the final products (the packaged food).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the assessment of the suitability of food packaging materials has to be legally demonstrated by food producers in the European Union.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides detailed and comprehensible information about Quality Control (QC) in the industry. Different viewpoints are explained in relation to food companies, packaging producers, and technical experts, including regulatory aspects. One of the most important steps is the comprehension of QC failures in relation to the ‘food product’ (food\/packaging).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also presents a detailed selection of proposals about new testing methods. On the basis of regulatory obligations in the EU about the technological suitability of food packaging materials, a list of ‘performance-oriented’ guidelines is proposed. Food sectors are mentioned in relation to products, related packaging materials, known failures and existing quality control procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume serves as a practical guide on food packaging and QC methods and a quick reference to food operators, official safety inspectors, public health institutions, Certification bodies, students and researchers from the academia and the industry.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 The Essential Role of Quality Control Procedures: General Principles.\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Basic Concepts for Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Quality in the Food and Beverage Field \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Quality: Management Systems and Control-based Procedures \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Statistical Consideration: Sampling Plans \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Influence of Numbers \u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Influence of Analytical Results \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Quality Control and Economic Sustainability \u003cbr\u003e1.4 The Quality Control Team: Organisation, Duties, and Responsibilities \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Differences between Food Companies and Other Industries: Safety Concepts \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Quality in the Food Industry: Hazard Analysis and Critical \u003cbr\u003eControl Points and Different Risk Levels \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Quality in Chemical Industries: The Analytical Approach \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Quality in Manufacturing Industries: The Packaging \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Food Packaging and Practical Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quality in Packaging Industries: Hybrid Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Food Industries: Chemistry, Microbiology, and Safety of Related Products \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Chemistry of Food Products - General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Food Technology of Commerce - Standardisation of Production, Packing and Storage Processes\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Relation between Sensory Features and Chemical Composition \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Preventive Definition of Chemical and Microbiological Modifications \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Evaluation of Food Products - Chemical Contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Microbiology of Food Products - Technological Implications \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Microbiology and Safety \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Microbiological Quality: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Pathogenic Bacteria \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Other Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Risks \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Food Alterations: The Problem of Shelf Life Assessment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Packaging Industries: Chemistry and Technology of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Plastic Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Metal Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Metal Packages: General Features \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Metal Packaging: Production and Technology \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Metal Packages: The Metallic Support \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Plastic Coatings \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Active Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Packaging and Processing Methods in the Food Industry: Most Common Failures \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Polycoupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Meat Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Analytical Methods for Food Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 The Evaluation of Chemical Risks \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Microbiological Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Total Viable Count \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Food Alterations: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Pathogenic Microorganisms \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Detection of Foreign Substances \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Evaluation of Shelf Life Values \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Analytical and Testing Methods for Food Packaging \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Mechanical Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Thermal Testing - Sterilisation and Other Treatments \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Other Simple Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Legal Requirements for Food Products and Packaging Materials in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Food Products - Hygiene and Safety Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Food Packaging - Legal Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Conceptual Barriers between Packaging Producers and Food Industries: \u003cbr\u003eProposals for a ‘Second Level’ Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Food Operators and their Competence in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Collaborative Design of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Food Industries Needs New Approaches about Quality Control for Accessory Materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Food Packaging for Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: A Short Discussion about the Assessment of Technological Suitability \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: Sampling Plans and Simplified Advice \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.1 Defective Closure and Sealing (Different Causes and Damages) . \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.2 Migration of Macroscopic and Microscopic Bodies and Particles from Food Packaging Materials to Foods (Different Causes and Damages) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.3 Migration of Printing Inks (Ghosting Effect and Similar Situations) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.4 Superficial Damage and Ageing Correlation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.1 Superficial Damage, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles and Dewetting. \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.2 Presence of Foreign Bodies (Different Causes) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.3 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.4 Different Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.5 Workability Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.1 Excessive Rigidity of Cellulosic Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.2 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.3 Paper Wrinkling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.4 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.5 Bleeding Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.6 Adhesion Defects (or Excessive Dripping) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.7 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.8 Final Thoughts about Paper Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.2 Scratches \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.3 Micro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.4 Macro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.5 Final Considerations: Other Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 A Necessary Premise \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1 Abrasion Test according to Parisi - Method for the Evaluation of the Laceration of Rigid Boxes for MAP Packed Cheeses \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 Evaluation of Hydric Apparent Absorption and Related Modifications in Packed Cheeses with Different Food Packaging Materials (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Food Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Packed, Semi-hard Cheeses in Relation to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Digital Image Analysis and Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Colorimetry \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Digital Acquisition and Interpretation of Pictures \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Image Analysis and Processing - Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 Image Analysis and Processing - Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Image Analysis and Processing: Practical Examples\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Food Packaging for Meat and Meat-based Foods \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect\u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.4 Possible Fractures of Edible and Plastic Casings \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.1 Superficial Damages, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles, Dewetting\u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.2 External Lithography and Related Defects \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.1 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.2 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1 Method for the Evaluation of Impact Resistance of Infrangible Glass Containers (Final Use: Pasteurised Meat Preparations) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Estimation of the Shelf Life for Integrated Meat Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Modified Atmosphere Packaging Fresh Meats with the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Food Packaging for Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.4 Micro-bubbling and Bursting \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2.1 Canned Fish and Vegetable Products - Specific Colorimetric Variations\u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1 Delamination Test on Sealable Polycoupled Packages (Easy Peel Pouches) for Tuna Fish \u003cbr\u003ein Water \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Fish Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Vacuum Packed and Frozen Fish in Relation to the \u003cbr\u003eUse of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Food Packaging for Fruits, Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2.1 Specific Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1 Sterilisation Test on Metal Cans for Double Concentrated Tomato Sauce \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Canned Peas with Reference to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.1 Objective\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Food Packaging for Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (High Sensibility)\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (Low Sensibility) \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Food Producers Will Need More Training \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Will Official Regulations Follow Voluntary Testing Methods? \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Performance-Oriented Guidelines - Perspectives for Advanced Training in Academia \u003cbr\u003e15.4 The Viewpoint of Certification Bodies \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 List of Accredited Organisations with Recognised Authority \u003cbr\u003e(Analytical Testing Methods)\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations \u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:47-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:47-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","book","environment","food","formulation","health","management system","microbiology","p-applications","packaging","polymer","quality","quality control"],"price":20500,"price_min":20500,"price_max":20500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378438084,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Food Industry and Packaging Materials - Performance-oriented Guidelines for Users","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":20500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9781847356093","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354808594525,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.665,"height":499,"width":332,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787"},"aspect_ratio":0.665,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781847356093.jpg?v=1499386787","width":332}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Salvatore Parisi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781847356093 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epage 398\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nQuality inspection of packaging materials is a difficult task for food producers because the technical tests for packaging are mainly designed to measure the 'performance' of materials in relation to their chemical formulation, processing data, and intended uses. This may be difficult for food producers because their knowledge is essentially orientated to the performance of the final products (the packaged food).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the assessment of the suitability of food packaging materials has to be legally demonstrated by food producers in the European Union.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides detailed and comprehensible information about Quality Control (QC) in the industry. Different viewpoints are explained in relation to food companies, packaging producers, and technical experts, including regulatory aspects. One of the most important steps is the comprehension of QC failures in relation to the ‘food product’ (food\/packaging).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also presents a detailed selection of proposals about new testing methods. On the basis of regulatory obligations in the EU about the technological suitability of food packaging materials, a list of ‘performance-oriented’ guidelines is proposed. Food sectors are mentioned in relation to products, related packaging materials, known failures and existing quality control procedures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis volume serves as a practical guide on food packaging and QC methods and a quick reference to food operators, official safety inspectors, public health institutions, Certification bodies, students and researchers from the academia and the industry.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 The Essential Role of Quality Control Procedures: General Principles.\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Basic Concepts for Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Quality in the Food and Beverage Field \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Quality: Management Systems and Control-based Procedures \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Statistical Consideration: Sampling Plans \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Influence of Numbers \u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Influence of Analytical Results \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Quality Control and Economic Sustainability \u003cbr\u003e1.4 The Quality Control Team: Organisation, Duties, and Responsibilities \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Differences between Food Companies and Other Industries: Safety Concepts \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Quality in the Food Industry: Hazard Analysis and Critical \u003cbr\u003eControl Points and Different Risk Levels \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Quality in Chemical Industries: The Analytical Approach \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Quality in Manufacturing Industries: The Packaging \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Food Packaging and Practical Considerations\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quality in Packaging Industries: Hybrid Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Food Industries: Chemistry, Microbiology, and Safety of Related Products \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Chemistry of Food Products - General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Food Technology of Commerce - Standardisation of Production, Packing and Storage Processes\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Relation between Sensory Features and Chemical Composition \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Preventive Definition of Chemical and Microbiological Modifications \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Evaluation of Food Products - Chemical Contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Microbiology of Food Products - Technological Implications \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Microbiology and Safety \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Microbiological Quality: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Pathogenic Bacteria \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Other Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Risks \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Food Alterations: The Problem of Shelf Life Assessment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Packaging Industries: Chemistry and Technology of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Plastic Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Metal Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Metal Packages: General Features \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Metal Packaging: Production and Technology \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Metal Packages: The Metallic Support \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Plastic Coatings \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packaging \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Active Packages \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Packaging and Processing Methods in the Food Industry: Most Common Failures \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Polycoupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Meat Foods \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Smart and Intelligent Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Glass Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Coupled Packages \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Analytical Methods for Food Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 The Evaluation of Chemical Risks \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Microbiological Analyses \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Total Viable Count \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Food Alterations: Microbial Markers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Pathogenic Microorganisms \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Detection of Foreign Substances \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Evaluation of Shelf Life Values \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Analytical and Testing Methods for Food Packaging \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Chemical Analyses \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Mechanical Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Thermal Testing - Sterilisation and Other Treatments \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Other Simple Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Legal Requirements for Food Products and Packaging Materials in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Food Products - Hygiene and Safety Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Food Packaging - Legal Requirements in the European Union \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Conceptual Barriers between Packaging Producers and Food Industries: \u003cbr\u003eProposals for a ‘Second Level’ Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Food Operators and their Competence in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Collaborative Design of Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Food Industries Needs New Approaches about Quality Control for Accessory Materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Food Packaging for Dairy Products \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: A Short Discussion about the Assessment of Technological Suitability \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Food Products: Sampling Plans and Simplified Advice \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.1 Defective Closure and Sealing (Different Causes and Damages) . \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.2 Migration of Macroscopic and Microscopic Bodies and Particles from Food Packaging Materials to Foods (Different Causes and Damages) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.3 Migration of Printing Inks (Ghosting Effect and Similar Situations) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3.4 Superficial Damage and Ageing Correlation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.1 Superficial Damage, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles and Dewetting. \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.2 Presence of Foreign Bodies (Different Causes) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.3 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.4 Different Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4.5 Workability Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.1 Excessive Rigidity of Cellulosic Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.2 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.3 Paper Wrinkling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.4 Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.5 Bleeding Effect \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.6 Adhesion Defects (or Excessive Dripping) \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.7 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5.8 Final Thoughts about Paper Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6 Food Packaging Failures and Dairy Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.2 Scratches \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.3 Micro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.4 Macro Fractures \u003cbr\u003e10.1.6.5 Final Considerations: Other Failures \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 A Necessary Premise \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1 Abrasion Test according to Parisi - Method for the Evaluation of the Laceration of Rigid Boxes for MAP Packed Cheeses \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 Evaluation of Hydric Apparent Absorption and Related Modifications in Packed Cheeses with Different Food Packaging Materials (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Food Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Packed, Semi-hard Cheeses in Relation to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Digital Image Analysis and Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Colorimetry \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Digital Acquisition and Interpretation of Pictures \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Image Analysis and Processing - Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 Image Analysis and Processing - Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Image Analysis and Processing: Practical Examples\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 Decomposition of the Real Image in R, G and B Colour Components and Analysis of Light Intensity \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 Analysis of B, L or V Data by Means of Pixel Frequency Histograms \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Food Packaging for Meat and Meat-based Foods \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Visually Detectable Failures: Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect\u003cbr\u003e11.1.1.4 Possible Fractures of Edible and Plastic Casings \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.1 Superficial Damages, Microscopic Fractures, Scratches, Micro-bubbles, Dewetting\u003cbr\u003e11.1.2.2 External Lithography and Related Defects \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.1 Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3.2 Paper Pulverisation \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Meat Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4.1 Micro-bubbling \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1 Method for the Evaluation of Impact Resistance of Infrangible Glass Containers (Final Use: Pasteurised Meat Preparations) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Estimation of the Shelf Life for Integrated Meat Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Modified Atmosphere Packaging Fresh Meats with the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3.1.6 Final Observations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Food Packaging for Fish Products \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.1 Superficial Damage and Correlation with Ageing \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.2 Foreign Bodies and Incrustations on Food Packaging Material Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.3 Superposition of One or More Printing Inks on Other Printed Images and the Ghosting Effect \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1.4 Micro-bubbling and Bursting \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2.1 Canned Fish and Vegetable Products - Specific Colorimetric Variations\u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Fish Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1 Delamination Test on Sealable Polycoupled Packages (Easy Peel Pouches) for Tuna Fish \u003cbr\u003ein Water \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Fish Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Vacuum Packed and Frozen Fish in Relation to the \u003cbr\u003eUse of Different Food Packaging Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.1 Variation of Shelf Life in Comparison with the Theoretical and Calculated Value \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.5.2 Variation of Shelf Life: Differences between R- and N-Products without Theoretical Durability \u003cbr\u003e12.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Food Packaging for Fruits, Vegetables and Canned Foods \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Plastic Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Metal Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2.1 Specific Colorimetric Variations \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Paper and Paper-Based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Food Packaging Failures and Vegetable Products - Visually Detectable Failures: Glass-based Packages \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Workability Testing Methods \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1 Sterilisation Test on Metal Cans for Double Concentrated Tomato Sauce \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.1.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Estimation of Shelf Life for Integrated Products (Comparison Test) \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1 Variation of Shelf Life Values in Canned Peas with Reference to the Use of Different Food Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.1 Objective\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.2 Preliminary Note \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.3 Materials \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.4 Method \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.5 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e13.3.3.1.6 Final Observations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Food Packaging for Other Food Products \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Visually Detectable Failures - Chemical and Physical Causes \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Smart Packages \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (High Sensibility)\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.1.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2 ‘Performance’ Estimation for Integrated Food Products: Active Packaging Materials, Moisture Scavengers (Low Sensibility) \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.1 Objective \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.2 Materials \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.3 Method \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1.2.4 Evaluation of Results \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Microbiological Contamination \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Hybrid Tests \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Food Producers Will Need More Training \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Will Official Regulations Follow Voluntary Testing Methods? \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Performance-Oriented Guidelines - Perspectives for Advanced Training in Academia \u003cbr\u003e15.4 The Viewpoint of Certification Bodies \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 List of Accredited Organisations with Recognised Authority \u003cbr\u003e(Analytical Testing Methods)\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations \u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Description Author: C. Bastioli ISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 Pages: 533 Softcover Summary Biodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental...
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{"id":11242212484,"title":"Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers","handle":"978-1-85957-389-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Bastioli \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 533\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoftcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBiodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental concerns: decreasing availability of landfill space, declining petrochemical sources, and also offer an alternative option to recycling. Rapra's Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers is a complete guide to the subject of biodegradable polymers and is ideal for those new to the subject or those wanting to supplement their existing knowledge. The book covers the mechanisms of degradation in various environments, by both biological and non-biological means, and the methods for measuring biodegradation. The degree and rate of biodegradation is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer and its working environment, and so there is no single optimal method for determining biodegradation. This handbook provides discussion of international and national standards and certification procedures developed to ensure accurate communication of a material's biodegradability between producers, authorities and consumers. The book goes on to consider the characteristics, processability and application areas for biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Biodegradability of Polymers – Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Defining Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 Non-biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Measuring Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Enzyme Assays\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Plate Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Respiration Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.4 Gas (CO2 or CH4) Evolution Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.5 Radioactively Labelled Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.6 Laboratory-scale Simulated Accelerating Environments\u003cbr\u003e1.5.7 Natural Environments – Field Trials\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Factors Affecting Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Degradation in Real Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Degradation in Sweet Water and Marine Environment\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Degradation in Laboratory Tests Simulating Real Aquatic Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Aerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Anaerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Degradation in Laboratory Tests with Optimised and Defined Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Standard Tests for Biodegradable Polymers Using Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in the Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.1 I Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Biodegradable Polymers and the Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Biodegradable Polymers and Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2 How Polymers Reach Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Intentional Delivery\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Unintentional Delivery: Littering\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Soil Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Surface Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Underground Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Degradability of Polymers in Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 The Standardisation Approach\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 T Test Methods and Criteria\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Effects of Biodegradable Polymers on Soil Living Organisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Performing the Assessment: Transient and Permanent Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Test Material Concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Preparation of the Soil Sample Ready for Ecotoxicity Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biodegradability of Materials in Soil: A Survey of the Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Ecotoxicological Aspects in the Biodegradation Process of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 The Need of Ecotoxicity Analysis for Biodegradable Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Standards and Regulations for Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Detection of the Influences on an Ecosystem Caused by the Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Potential Influences of Polymers After Composting\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Potential Influences of Polymers During and After Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment\u003cbr\u003e4.2 A Short Introduction to Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Theory of Dose-Response Relationships\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Test Design in Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Toxicity Tests and Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Ecotoxicity Profile Analysis\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Recommendations and Standard Procedures for Biotests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Bioassays with Higher Plants\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Bioassays with Earthworms (Eisenia foetida)\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Preparation of Elutriates for Aquatic Ecotoxicity Tests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Bioassays with Algae\u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Bioassays with Luminescent Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Bioassays with Daphnia\u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Evaluation of Bioassay Results Obtained from Samples of Complex Composition\u003cbr\u003e4.3.8 Testing of Sediments\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Special Prerequisites to be Considered when Applying Bioassays for Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Nutrients in the Sample\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Biodegradation Intermediates\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Diversity of the Microorganism Population\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Humic Substances\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Evaluation of Test Results and Limits of Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Research Results for Ecotoxicity Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 The Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Biodegradation Pathways and Formation of Potentially Ecotoxic Metabolites\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Ecotoxicity of the Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing After Degradation in Compost or After Anaerobic Digestion\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing During Degradation in Soil\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Consequences for Test Schemes for Investigations on Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 International and National Norms on Biodegradability and Certification Procedures\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Organisations for Standardisation\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Aquatic, Aerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Compost Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Compostability Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Compost Disintegration Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Soil Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Aquatic, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 High-Solids, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Marine Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Other Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Certification\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Different Certification Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 General Characteristics, Processability, Industrial Applications and Market Evolution of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Polymer Biodegradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Polymer Molecular Size, Structure and Chemical Composition\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Biodegradable Polymer Classes\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Modified Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Processability\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Film Blowing and Casting\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Moulding\u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Fibre Spinning\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Loose-Fill Packaging\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Compost Bags\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Market Evolution \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Various Types of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Poly[R-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P[3HB-co-3HV])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB-co-4HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Other PHA Copolymers with Interesting Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Uncommon PHA Constituents\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Mechanisms of PHA Biosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Conditions that Promote the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of PHA in Microorganisms\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Carbon Sources for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Biochemical Pathways Involved in the Metabolism of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 The Key Enzyme of PHA Biosynthesis, PHA Synthase\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Genetically Modified Systems and Other Methods for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Recombinant Escherichia coli\u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Transgenic Plants\u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 In vitro Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Biodegradation of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Applications of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Conclusions and Outlook \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Starch-Based Technology\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Starch Polymer\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Starch-filled Plastics\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Thermoplastic Starch\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Starch-Based Materials on the Market\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Poly(Lactic Acid) and Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Homopolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Functionalised Polymers\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Structure, Properties, Degradation, and Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Development of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Degradability and Degradation Mechanism\u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 General Mechanism\/Definition\u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Degradation of Pure Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Degradation of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Commercial Products and Characteristic Material Data\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ecoflex\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Eastar Bio\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Biomax\u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 EnPol\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Characteristic Material Data \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Material Formed from Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Structure of Material Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Formation of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 ‘Solvent Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 ‘Thermoplastic Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Properties of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Polyester Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Polycondensation of Hydroxyacids and Esters\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Polymerisation of Dicarboxylic Acids or Their Activated Derivatives with Glycols\u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Ring Opening Polymerisation of Carbonates and Other Cyclic Monomers\u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Ring Opening Polymerisation and Copolymerisation of Lactones\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Oxidative Polymerisation of Phenol and Derivatives of Phenol\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Enzymatic Polymerisation of Polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Environmental Life Cycle Comparisons of Biodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Methodology of LCA\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Presentation of Comparative Data\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Starch Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Polylactides (PLA)\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Other Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Summarising Comparison\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Discussion\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.1 Overview of environmental life cycle comparisons or biodegradable polymers included in this review\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.2 Checklist for the preparation of an LCA for biodegradable plastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.3 List of abbreviations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Biodegradable Polymers and the Optimisation of Models for Source Separation and Composting of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 The Development of Composting and Schemes for Source Separation of Biowaste in Europe: A Matter of Quality\u003cbr\u003e14.2 The Driving Forces for Composting in the EU\u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 The Directive on the Landfill of Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 The Proposed Directive on Biological Treatment of Biodegradable Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Source Separation of Organic Waste in Mediterranean Countries: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e14.5 ‘Biowaste’, ‘VGF’ and ‘Food Waste’: Relevance of a Definition on Performances of the Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e14.6 The Importance of Biobags\u003cbr\u003e14.6.1 Features of ‘Biobags’: The Importance of Biodegradability and its Cost-Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Cost Assessment of Optimised Schemes\u003cbr\u003e14.7.1 Tools to Optimise the Schemes and their Suitability in Different Situations\u003cbr\u003e14.8 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eContributors\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatia Bastioli is the Managing Director and Research Manager of Novamont, a leading innovation company in the sector of bioplastics. She is the author of more than 90 papers on various scientific and industrial subjects published in International Journals, Proceedings of International Conferences and books. She has filed more than 50 patents and patent applications in the sectors of synthetic and natural polymers. The patents in the sector of starch-based materials are a significant part of the Novamont patent portfolio.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:16-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:16-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","applications","aquatic","assays","biodegradable polymers","biopolymers","biowaste","book","copolymers","degradation","environment","enzyme","evolution","food waste","gas","homopolymers","landfill","measuring biodegradation","physical properties","plate tests","properties","radioactively labelled Simulated","respiration tests","soil","structure","VGF","waste"],"price":19800,"price_min":19800,"price_max":19800,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378341764,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":19800,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-389-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354809708637,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-389-1.jpg?v=1499725547","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: C. Bastioli \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-389-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 533\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoftcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBiodegradable polymers are niche market materials finding focused applications, including agricultural applications such as mulch films, flowerpots and controlled-release fertilisers and packaging items such as carrier bags and food wrapping and containers. They have the potential to provide a solution to a range of environmental concerns: decreasing availability of landfill space, declining petrochemical sources, and also offer an alternative option to recycling. Rapra's Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers is a complete guide to the subject of biodegradable polymers and is ideal for those new to the subject or those wanting to supplement their existing knowledge. The book covers the mechanisms of degradation in various environments, by both biological and non-biological means, and the methods for measuring biodegradation. The degree and rate of biodegradation is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer and its working environment, and so there is no single optimal method for determining biodegradation. This handbook provides discussion of international and national standards and certification procedures developed to ensure accurate communication of a material's biodegradability between producers, authorities and consumers. The book goes on to consider the characteristics, processability and application areas for biodegradable polymers, with key polymer family groups discussed.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Biodegradability of Polymers – Mechanisms and Evaluation Methods\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Defining Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 Non-biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Biological Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Measuring Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Enzyme Assays\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Plate Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Respiration Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.4 Gas (CO2 or CH4) Evolution Tests\u003cbr\u003e1.5.5 Radioactively Labelled Polymers\u003cbr\u003e1.5.6 Laboratory-scale Simulated Accelerating Environments\u003cbr\u003e1.5.7 Natural Environments – Field Trials\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Factors Affecting Biodegradability\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Degradation in Real Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Degradation in Sweet Water and Marine Environment\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Degradation in Laboratory Tests Simulating Real Aquatic Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Aerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Anaerobic Liquid Environments\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Degradation in Laboratory Tests with Optimised and Defined Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Standard Tests for Biodegradable Polymers Using Liquid Media\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Biodegradation Behaviour of Polymers in the Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.1 I Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Biodegradable Polymers and the Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Biodegradable Polymers and Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2 How Polymers Reach Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Intentional Delivery\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Unintentional Delivery: Littering\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Soil Environment\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Surface Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Underground Factors\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Degradability of Polymers in Soil\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 The Standardisation Approach\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 T Test Methods and Criteria\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Effects of Biodegradable Polymers on Soil Living Organisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Performing the Assessment: Transient and Permanent Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Test Material Concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Preparation of the Soil Sample Ready for Ecotoxicity Testing\u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biodegradability of Materials in Soil: A Survey of the Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Ecotoxicological Aspects in the Biodegradation Process of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 The Need of Ecotoxicity Analysis for Biodegradable Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Standards and Regulations for Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Detection of the Influences on an Ecosystem Caused by the Biodegradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Potential Influences of Polymers After Composting\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Potential Influences of Polymers During and After Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment\u003cbr\u003e4.2 A Short Introduction to Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Theory of Dose-Response Relationships\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Test Design in Ecotoxicology\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Toxicity Tests and Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Ecotoxicity Profile Analysis\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Recommendations and Standard Procedures for Biotests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Bioassays with Higher Plants\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Bioassays with Earthworms (Eisenia foetida)\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Preparation of Elutriates for Aquatic Ecotoxicity Tests\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Bioassays with Algae\u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Bioassays with Luminescent Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Bioassays with Daphnia\u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Evaluation of Bioassay Results Obtained from Samples of Complex Composition\u003cbr\u003e4.3.8 Testing of Sediments\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Special Prerequisites to be Considered when Applying Bioassays for Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Nutrients in the Sample\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Biodegradation Intermediates\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Diversity of the Microorganism Population\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Humic Substances\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Evaluation of Test Results and Limits of Bioassays\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Research Results for Ecotoxicity Testing of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 The Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Biodegradation Pathways and Formation of Potentially Ecotoxic Metabolites\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Ecotoxicity of the Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing After Degradation in Compost or After Anaerobic Digestion\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Ecotoxic Effects Appearing During Degradation in Soil\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Consequences for Test Schemes for Investigations on Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 International and National Norms on Biodegradability and Certification Procedures\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Organisations for Standardisation\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Aquatic, Aerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Compost Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Compostability Norms\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Compost Disintegration Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Soil Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Aquatic, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 High-Solids, Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Marine Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Other Biodegradation Tests\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Certification\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Different Certification Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 General Characteristics, Processability, Industrial Applications and Market Evolution of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Polymer Biodegradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Polymer Molecular Size, Structure and Chemical Composition\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Biodegradable Polymer Classes\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Modified Naturally Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Processability\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Film Blowing and Casting\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Moulding\u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Fibre Spinning\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Loose-Fill Packaging\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Compost Bags\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Market Evolution \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Various Types of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Poly[R-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P[3HB-co-3HV])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Poly[3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] (P[3HB-co-4HB])\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Other PHA Copolymers with Interesting Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Uncommon PHA Constituents\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Mechanisms of PHA Biosynthesis\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Conditions that Promote the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of PHA in Microorganisms\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Carbon Sources for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Biochemical Pathways Involved in the Metabolism of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 The Key Enzyme of PHA Biosynthesis, PHA Synthase\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Genetically Modified Systems and Other Methods for the Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Recombinant Escherichia coli\u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Transgenic Plants\u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 In vitro Production of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Biodegradation of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Applications of PHA\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Conclusions and Outlook \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Starch-Based Technology\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Starch Polymer\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Starch-filled Plastics\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Thermoplastic Starch\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Starch-Based Materials on the Market\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Poly(Lactic Acid) and Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Homopolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Functionalised Polymers\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Structure, Properties, Degradation, and Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Physical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Applications\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Development of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Degradability and Degradation Mechanism\u003cbr\u003e10.3.1 General Mechanism\/Definition\u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Degradation of Pure Aromatic Polyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Degradation of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Commercial Products and Characteristic Material Data\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ecoflex\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Eastar Bio\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Biomax\u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 EnPol\u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Characteristic Material Data \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Material Formed from Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Structure of Material Proteins\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Formation of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 ‘Solvent Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 ‘Thermoplastic Process’\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Properties of Protein-Based Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Enzyme Catalysis in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Polyester Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Polycondensation of Hydroxyacids and Esters\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Polymerisation of Dicarboxylic Acids or Their Activated Derivatives with Glycols\u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Ring Opening Polymerisation of Carbonates and Other Cyclic Monomers\u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Ring Opening Polymerisation and Copolymerisation of Lactones\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Oxidative Polymerisation of Phenol and Derivatives of Phenol\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Enzymatic Polymerisation of Polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Environmental Life Cycle Comparisons of Biodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Methodology of LCA\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Presentation of Comparative Data\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Starch Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Polylactides (PLA)\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Other Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Summarising Comparison\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Discussion\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.1 Overview of environmental life cycle comparisons or biodegradable polymers included in this review\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.2 Checklist for the preparation of an LCA for biodegradable plastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 13.3 List of abbreviations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Biodegradable Polymers and the Optimisation of Models for Source Separation and Composting of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 The Development of Composting and Schemes for Source Separation of Biowaste in Europe: A Matter of Quality\u003cbr\u003e14.2 The Driving Forces for Composting in the EU\u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 The Directive on the Landfill of Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 The Proposed Directive on Biological Treatment of Biodegradable Waste\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Source Separation of Organic Waste in Mediterranean Countries: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e14.5 ‘Biowaste’, ‘VGF’ and ‘Food Waste’: Relevance of a Definition on Performances of the Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e14.6 The Importance of Biobags\u003cbr\u003e14.6.1 Features of ‘Biobags’: The Importance of Biodegradability and its Cost-Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Cost Assessment of Optimised Schemes\u003cbr\u003e14.7.1 Tools to Optimise the Schemes and their Suitability in Different Situations\u003cbr\u003e14.8 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eContributors\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCatia Bastioli is the Managing Director and Research Manager of Novamont, a leading innovation company in the sector of bioplastics. She is the author of more than 90 papers on various scientific and industrial subjects published in International Journals, Proceedings of International Conferences and books. She has filed more than 50 patents and patent applications in the sectors of synthetic and natural polymers. The patents in the sector of starch-based materials are a significant part of the Novamont patent portfolio."}
Description Author: Myer Kutz ISBN 978-1-4377-3455-3 896 pages, Hardcover Summary Key FeaturesThe Handbook’s broad scope introduces the reader to the effects of environmental degradation on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood and textiles. For each type of material, the book describes the kind of degradation that effects it and how...
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{"id":11242224132,"title":"Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-4377-3455-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Myer Kutz \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-4377-3455-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e896 pages, Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003eThe Handbook’s broad scope introduces the reader to the effects of environmental degradation on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood and textiles.\n\u003cli\u003eFor each type of material, the book describes the kind of degradation that effects it and how best to protect it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCase Studies show how organizations from small consulting firms to corporate giants design and manufacture products that are more resistant to environmental effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\nNothing stays the same for ever. The environmental degradation and corrosion of materials is inevitable and affects most aspects of life. In industrial settings, this inescapable fact has very significant financial, safety and environmental implications.\n\u003cp\u003eThe Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials explains how to measure, analyse, and control environmental degradation for a wide range of industrial materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, wood and textiles exposed to environmental factors such as weather, seawater, and fire. Divided into sections which deal with analysis, types of degradation, protection and surface engineering respectively, the reader is introduced to the wide variety of environmental effects and what can be done to control them. The expert contributors to this book provide a wealth of insider knowledge and engineering knowhow, complementing their explanations and advice with Case Studies from areas such as pipelines, tankers, packaging and chemical processing equipment ensures that the reader understands the practical measures that can be put in place to save money, lives and the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers: Civil, Mechanical, Materials, Design, Maintenance, Chemical \u0026amp; Process \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustries: construction \/ civil engineering, automotive \/ aerospace \/ transportation, chemical processing, consumer packaging, paints and coatings, petrochemical, pipeline, plastics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLevel: Practicing engineers and technicians, students seeking real-world examples and applied techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPart I: Analysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1) Analysis of Failures of Metallic Materials due to Environmental Factors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2) Laboratory Assessment of Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3) Modeling of Corrosion Processes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4) Lifetime Predictions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II: Types of Degradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5) Electrochemical Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6) Localized Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7) High-Temperature Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8) Weathering of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9) Chemical and Physical Aging of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10) Thermal Degradation of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11) Environmental Degradation of Reinforced Concrete\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12) Biofouling and prevention, and biodeterioration and biodegradation of materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(possibly split into two chapters, one on polymers, one on metals.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13) Material Flammability\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14) Fire Retardant Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart III: Protective Measures\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15) Cathodic Protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16) Thermal Protective Clothing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17) Wood Protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18) Materials Selection for Environmental Degradation Prevention\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart IV: Surface Engineering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19) The Intersection of Design, Manufacturing, and Surface Engineering (updated to\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003einclude new coatings: (biomimetic, nanostructured and conductive polymers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20) Nanostructured Surfaces and Nanomaterial Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21) Protective Coatings for Aluminum Alloys\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22) Anti-Corrosion Paints\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23) Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24) Thermay Spray Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e25) Paint Weathering Tests\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e26) Coatings for Concrete Surfaces: Testing and Modeling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e27) The importance of intrinsic defects in the protective behavior of coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e28) Plastics Additives for Environmental Stability\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart V: Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e29) Degradation of Spacecraft Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e30) Cathodic Protection for Pipelines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e31) Tanker Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e32) Barrier Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e33) Corrosion prevention and control programs for chemical processing equipment\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nMyer Kutz, Myer Kutz Associates. Inc., Delmar, NY, USA","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:55-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:55-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2012","book","ceramics","degradation","environment","material","p-properties","polymer","polymers","textiles","wood"],"price":25000,"price_min":25000,"price_max":25000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378383044,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":25000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-4377-3455-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3455-3.jpg?v=1499725620"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3455-3.jpg?v=1499725620","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354810495069,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3455-3.jpg?v=1499725620"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3455-3.jpg?v=1499725620","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Myer Kutz \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-4377-3455-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e896 pages, Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003eThe Handbook’s broad scope introduces the reader to the effects of environmental degradation on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood and textiles.\n\u003cli\u003eFor each type of material, the book describes the kind of degradation that effects it and how best to protect it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCase Studies show how organizations from small consulting firms to corporate giants design and manufacture products that are more resistant to environmental effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\nNothing stays the same for ever. The environmental degradation and corrosion of materials is inevitable and affects most aspects of life. In industrial settings, this inescapable fact has very significant financial, safety and environmental implications.\n\u003cp\u003eThe Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials explains how to measure, analyse, and control environmental degradation for a wide range of industrial materials including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, wood and textiles exposed to environmental factors such as weather, seawater, and fire. Divided into sections which deal with analysis, types of degradation, protection and surface engineering respectively, the reader is introduced to the wide variety of environmental effects and what can be done to control them. The expert contributors to this book provide a wealth of insider knowledge and engineering knowhow, complementing their explanations and advice with Case Studies from areas such as pipelines, tankers, packaging and chemical processing equipment ensures that the reader understands the practical measures that can be put in place to save money, lives and the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEngineers: Civil, Mechanical, Materials, Design, Maintenance, Chemical \u0026amp; Process \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustries: construction \/ civil engineering, automotive \/ aerospace \/ transportation, chemical processing, consumer packaging, paints and coatings, petrochemical, pipeline, plastics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLevel: Practicing engineers and technicians, students seeking real-world examples and applied techniques.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPart I: Analysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1) Analysis of Failures of Metallic Materials due to Environmental Factors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2) Laboratory Assessment of Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3) Modeling of Corrosion Processes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4) Lifetime Predictions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II: Types of Degradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5) Electrochemical Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6) Localized Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7) High-Temperature Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8) Weathering of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9) Chemical and Physical Aging of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10) Thermal Degradation of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11) Environmental Degradation of Reinforced Concrete\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12) Biofouling and prevention, and biodeterioration and biodegradation of materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(possibly split into two chapters, one on polymers, one on metals.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13) Material Flammability\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14) Fire Retardant Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart III: Protective Measures\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15) Cathodic Protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16) Thermal Protective Clothing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17) Wood Protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18) Materials Selection for Environmental Degradation Prevention\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart IV: Surface Engineering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19) The Intersection of Design, Manufacturing, and Surface Engineering (updated to\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003einclude new coatings: (biomimetic, nanostructured and conductive polymers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20) Nanostructured Surfaces and Nanomaterial Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21) Protective Coatings for Aluminum Alloys\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22) Anti-Corrosion Paints\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23) Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24) Thermay Spray Coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e25) Paint Weathering Tests\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e26) Coatings for Concrete Surfaces: Testing and Modeling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e27) The importance of intrinsic defects in the protective behavior of coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e28) Plastics Additives for Environmental Stability\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart V: Industrial Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e29) Degradation of Spacecraft Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e30) Cathodic Protection for Pipelines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e31) Tanker Corrosion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e32) Barrier Packaging Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e33) Corrosion prevention and control programs for chemical processing equipment\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nMyer Kutz, Myer Kutz Associates. Inc., Delmar, NY, USA"}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-62-1 5th EditionPages: 826Figures: 795Tables: 64 Summary This 5th edition of Handbook of Material Weathering contains systematic updates of knowledge generated in more than last 25 years when the 1st edition was prepared. The information required for professional use has been growing so rapidly that additional books had to be written to...
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{"id":11242219780,"title":"Handbook of Material Weathering, 5th Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-62-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-62-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5th Edition\u003cbr\u003ePages: 826\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 795\u003cbr\u003eTables: 64\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis 5th edition of Handbook of Material Weathering contains systematic updates of knowledge generated in more than last 25 years when the 1st edition was prepared. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information required for professional use has been growing so rapidly that additional books had to be written to accommodate essential knowledge for implementation in technological processes used to manufacture products, which deteriorate on exposure to weathering stress factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis edition contains 20 chapters, which can be divided into the following groups:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Theory (photophysics and photochemistry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements in assessment of weathering conditions, and climatic conditions)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, weathering cycles, sample preparation, weathering data interpretation, lifetime prediction, and artificial weathering versus natural exposure)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of testing of weathered samples (effect of weathering on material properties and testing methods of weathered specimens)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of polymers (data on 52 most important polymers, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal history, characteristic changes in properties with graphical illustrations, and tables with numerical data)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of products (data on 42 groups of industrial products, including their required durability, lifetime expectation, relevant degradation mechanisms, and characteristic changes with graphical illustrations)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of additives on weathering (12 groups of additives are discussed)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of environmental stress cracking (parameters controlling ESC, mechanisms, methods of testing, and effect on materials)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Specific topics (suitability of weathered materials for recycling, interrelation between corrosion and weathering, and methods of study and prevention of deterioration of historical monuments made out of stone)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above information is based on the thorough review of published papers, patents, and other relevant sources updated to the most recent data and information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn addition to this book, 3 additional volumes contain supplementary information:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization by Falkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization by Wypych, G, 2011\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, Wypych, G, 2012\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first two books contain information relevant for protection of materials against biological and environmental stress factors. The Atlas of Material Damage has focus on structure and morphology of commercial materials and methods of damage prevention by tailoring morphology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis set of monographic sources was prepared for research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products, and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials. The books are invaluable for regulating agencies and patent and litigating attorneys. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering is now used in about 100 countries, although frequently old editions (as seen from citations) are still in use, which do not contain up-to-date information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first edition of this book was published by ChemTec Publishing in 1990. The book had 18 chapters and 518 pages filled with the most up-to-date information on the subject of material weathering available in 1990.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsidering the size of the book and typesetting, the present edition is at least 3 times larger, in spite of the fact that two chapters were omitted from the fourth edition: Chapter 17. Stabilization and Stabilizers and Chapter 18. Biodegradation. Even without these two chapters the present 5th edition is larger than the previous edition. The reason is quite obvious − the field is systematically growing with new data, methods, and discoveries happening every day.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe reasons for eliminating the two chapters are as follows:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• If these two chapters would still be included in the book, the book would need to have two volumes which makes a book more difficult to use (separate table of contents and indices).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• In anticipation of the need for specialized monographic sources, the two chapters mentioned above were not updated in the previous edition, so information was already lacking novelty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Short chapters can only present brief review of the subject, whereas in applications detailed information is needed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Two handbooks were published by ChemTec Publishing on the subjects of the omitted chapters:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFalkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization by Wypych, G, 2011\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two books give much broader and comprehensive information, such as it is required today, especially considering rapid changes which occurred recently because of health and safety concerns (biostabilization) and new discoveries (UV stabilization).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn addition, to present volume and the above two books, there is also a new book:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, Wypych, G, 2012\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book was written to emphasize importance of the material structure in photodegradation and photostabilization and also to account for the morphological changes which occur when materials degrade. This addition makes narrative of material degradation more comprehensive, showing new ways to deal with unstable materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI hope that the information provided in these four books will help readers to advance their studies on particular subjects of their research and that the results of these studies will be implemented in the future editions of these books, since we try to report current developments to foster future discoveries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Photophysics \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Nature of radiation \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Radiative energy \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Radiation intensity \u003cbr\u003e1.1.3 Radiation incidence \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Absorption of radiation by materials \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 General principles \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Fate and utilization of absorbed energy \u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Deactivation \u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 Intramolecular energy transfer \u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 Intermolecular energy transfer \u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Luminescence \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Radiative processes involving dimers \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Modeling and photophysical data \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e2 Photochemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Typical routes of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Photodissociation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Photooxidation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Peroxide and hydroperoxide conversions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Norrish type I and II reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Photo-Fries rearrangement \u003cbr\u003e2.1.6 Photo-Fenton \u003cbr\u003e2.1.7 Photosubstitution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Photoaddition \u003cbr\u003e2.1.9 Photoelimination \u003cbr\u003e2.1.10 Photodimerization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.11 Photocondensation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.12 Photoisomerization \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Photochemical reactivity and quantum yield \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Excitation of excited state \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Parameters of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Quenchers and photosensitizers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e3 Parameters of Exposure \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 The source \u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Solar radiative emission \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Effect of orbital variations on energy supply \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Interplanetary and near Earth space \u003cbr\u003e3.1.5 Stratosphere \u003cbr\u003e3.1.6 Troposphere \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Water \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Atmosphere composition \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Nitrogen compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Oxygen species \u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Hydrogen species \u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Carbon oxides \u003cbr\u003e3.5.5 Sulfur-containing components \u003cbr\u003e3.5.6 Chlorine-containing components \u003cbr\u003e3.5.7 Particulate materials \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biological substances \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Water pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Stress \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Cooperative action of different parameters \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e4 Measurements in Assessment of Weathering Conditions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Measuring equipment and methods of measurement \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Standards \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Time of wetness \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Rain \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Carbon dioxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Particulate matter \u003cbr\u003e4.6.3 Sulfur dioxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.4 Nitrogen oxides \u003cbr\u003e4.6.5 Carbon monoxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.6 Ozone \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e5 Climatic Conditions \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precipitation \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Wetness time \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Surface soiling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e6 Methods of Outdoor Exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Climatic conditions and degradation rate \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Variability of weather conditions and its impact on the strategy in outdoor \u003cbr\u003eexposures \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of specimen properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Typical methods of outdoor exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Exposure sites \u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Exposure racks \u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Exposure of products and components \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Other parameters of exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Relevant standards \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e7 Laboratory Degradation Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Light sources \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Filters \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Radiation: delivery, monitoring and control \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Temperature control \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Humidity control \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specimen spraying \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Specimen racks and holders \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Weathering equipment \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Correlation between different devices \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Precision of studies \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e8 Weathering Cycles \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e9 Sample Preparation \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e10 Weathering Data Interpretation. Lifetime Prediction \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e11 Artificial Weathering Versus Natural Exposure \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e12 Effect of Weathering on Material Properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Mass loss \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Depth of degradation \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Changes of color and optical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Surface changes \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Chemical composition of surface and bulk \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Morphology and structure of surface layers \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e12.10 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e13 Testing Methods of Weathered Specimen \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visual evaluation \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Imaging techniques \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Color changes \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Visible spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.7 UV spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Infrared spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Near infrared spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Nuclear magnetic resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Mass spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and phosphorescence \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Atomic absorption spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.17 WAXS and SAXS \u003cbr\u003e13.18 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS \u003cbr\u003e13.19 X-ray microtomography \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Mass change \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Density \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Diffusion of gases and water transport in polymer \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Ultrasonic measurements \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Rheological properties of materials \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Other physical parameters \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Flexural strength \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Impact strength \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Creep and constant strain tests \u003cbr\u003e13.34 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e13.35 Scratch and mar resistance \u003cbr\u003e13.36 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.37 Surface roughness \u003cbr\u003e13.38 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e13.39 Gas and liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e13.40 Titrimetry \u003cbr\u003e13.41 Dehydrochlorination rate \u003cbr\u003e13.42 Gel fraction \u003cbr\u003e13.43 Oxygen uptake \u003cbr\u003e13.44 Water absorption, porosity \u003cbr\u003e13.45 Microorganism growth test \u003cbr\u003e13.46 Environmental stress cracking resistance \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e14 Data on Specific Polymers \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, ASA \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Acrylic resins \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Cellulose \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Ethylene propylene rubber, EPR \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, EVAc \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Melamine resins \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Phenoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e14.16 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e14.17 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e14.18 Polycarbonates \u003cbr\u003e14.19 Polyesters \u003cbr\u003e14.20 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.21 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e14.22 Poly(ethylene glycol) \u003cbr\u003e14.23 Polyfluorene \u003cbr\u003e14.24 Polyimides \u003cbr\u003e14.25 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr\u003e14.26 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e14.27 Polyoxyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.28 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.29 Poly(phenylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e14.30 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e14.31 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr\u003e14.32 Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) \u003cbr\u003e14.33 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e14.34 Polystyrenes \u003cbr\u003e14.35 Polysulfones \u003cbr\u003e14.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.37 Polythiophene \u003cbr\u003e14.38 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e14.39 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e14.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e14.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride \u003cbr\u003e14.42 Poly(vinyl methyl ether) \u003cbr\u003e14.43 Styrene acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e14.44 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e14.45 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e14.46 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e14.46.1 Natural rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.46.1 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.2 Polychloroprene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.3 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.4 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.5 Styrene butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.46.6 Styrene butadiene styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e15 Effect of Additives on Weathering \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Fillers and reinforcing fibers \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Solvents and diluents \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Thermal stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Antimicrobial additives \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Curatives, crosslinkers, initiators \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Compatibilizer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Impurities \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Summary \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e16 Weathering of Compounded Products \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Automotive parts \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Automotive coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e16.8 Coil coated materials \u003cbr\u003e16.9 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.10 Concrete \u003cbr\u003e16.11 Conservation \u003cbr\u003e16.12 Construction materials \u003cbr\u003e16.13 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e16.14 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e16.15 Electronics and electrical materials \u003cbr\u003e16.16 Environmental pollutants \u003cbr\u003e16.17 Foams \u003cbr\u003e16.18 Food \u003cbr\u003e16.19 Gel coats \u003cbr\u003e16.20 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e16.21 Glass and glazing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.22 Greenhouse film \u003cbr\u003e16.23 Hair \u003cbr\u003e16.24 Laminates \u003cbr\u003e16.25 Medical equipment and supplies \u003cbr\u003e16.26 Military applications \u003cbr\u003e16.27 Molded materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28 Packaging materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28.1 Bottles \u003cbr\u003e16.28.2 Containers \u003cbr\u003e16.28.3 Crates and trays \u003cbr\u003e16.28.4 Films \u003cbr\u003e16.29 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.30 Pavements \u003cbr\u003e16.31 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e16.32 Pipes and tubing \u003cbr\u003e16.33 Pulp and paper \u003cbr\u003e16.34 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.35 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e16.36 Sheet \u003cbr\u003e16.37 Siding \u003cbr\u003e16.38 Solar cells and collectors \u003cbr\u003e16.39 Textiles \u003cbr\u003e16.40 Windows \u003cbr\u003e16.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e16.42 Wood \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e17 Recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Effect of degradation on recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Re-stabilization of material for recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Multilayer materials \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Removable paint \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Chemical recycling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e18 Environmental Stress Cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Parameters controlling ESC \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Material composition \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Morphology and dimensions \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Processing and performance conditions \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Solubility parameters of solvents and polymers \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e18.2.6 Load and internal stress \u003cbr\u003e18.2.7 Time \u003cbr\u003e18.2.8 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Mechanisms of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Kinetics of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Effect of ESC on material durability \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e19 Interrelation Between Corrosion and Weathering \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e20 Weathering of Stones \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:40-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:41-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","book","degradation","degradation depth","environment","laboratory exposures","lifetime prediction","material","methods of measurement","methods of weathering","outdoor exposures","p-testing","polymer degradation","PVC degradation","sustainability of polymers materials","weathering","weathering cycles"],"price":30000,"price_min":30000,"price_max":30000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378371204,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default 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Title"],"price":30000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-62-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-62-1.jpg?v=1499720009"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-62-1.jpg?v=1499720009","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":355727147101,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-62-1.jpg?v=1499720009"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-62-1.jpg?v=1499720009","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-62-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5th Edition\u003cbr\u003ePages: 826\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 795\u003cbr\u003eTables: 64\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis 5th edition of Handbook of Material Weathering contains systematic updates of knowledge generated in more than last 25 years when the 1st edition was prepared. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information required for professional use has been growing so rapidly that additional books had to be written to accommodate essential knowledge for implementation in technological processes used to manufacture products, which deteriorate on exposure to weathering stress factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis edition contains 20 chapters, which can be divided into the following groups:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Theory (photophysics and photochemistry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements in assessment of weathering conditions, and climatic conditions)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, weathering cycles, sample preparation, weathering data interpretation, lifetime prediction, and artificial weathering versus natural exposure)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of testing of weathered samples (effect of weathering on material properties and testing methods of weathered specimens)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of polymers (data on 52 most important polymers, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal history, characteristic changes in properties with graphical illustrations, and tables with numerical data)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of products (data on 42 groups of industrial products, including their required durability, lifetime expectation, relevant degradation mechanisms, and characteristic changes with graphical illustrations)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of additives on weathering (12 groups of additives are discussed)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of environmental stress cracking (parameters controlling ESC, mechanisms, methods of testing, and effect on materials)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Specific topics (suitability of weathered materials for recycling, interrelation between corrosion and weathering, and methods of study and prevention of deterioration of historical monuments made out of stone)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above information is based on the thorough review of published papers, patents, and other relevant sources updated to the most recent data and information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn addition to this book, 3 additional volumes contain supplementary information:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization by Falkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization by Wypych, G, 2011\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, Wypych, G, 2012\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first two books contain information relevant for protection of materials against biological and environmental stress factors. The Atlas of Material Damage has focus on structure and morphology of commercial materials and methods of damage prevention by tailoring morphology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis set of monographic sources was prepared for research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products, and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials. The books are invaluable for regulating agencies and patent and litigating attorneys. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering is now used in about 100 countries, although frequently old editions (as seen from citations) are still in use, which do not contain up-to-date information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first edition of this book was published by ChemTec Publishing in 1990. The book had 18 chapters and 518 pages filled with the most up-to-date information on the subject of material weathering available in 1990.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsidering the size of the book and typesetting, the present edition is at least 3 times larger, in spite of the fact that two chapters were omitted from the fourth edition: Chapter 17. Stabilization and Stabilizers and Chapter 18. Biodegradation. Even without these two chapters the present 5th edition is larger than the previous edition. The reason is quite obvious − the field is systematically growing with new data, methods, and discoveries happening every day.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe reasons for eliminating the two chapters are as follows:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• If these two chapters would still be included in the book, the book would need to have two volumes which makes a book more difficult to use (separate table of contents and indices).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• In anticipation of the need for specialized monographic sources, the two chapters mentioned above were not updated in the previous edition, so information was already lacking novelty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Short chapters can only present brief review of the subject, whereas in applications detailed information is needed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Two handbooks were published by ChemTec Publishing on the subjects of the omitted chapters:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFalkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization by Wypych, G, 2011\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two books give much broader and comprehensive information, such as it is required today, especially considering rapid changes which occurred recently because of health and safety concerns (biostabilization) and new discoveries (UV stabilization).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn addition, to present volume and the above two books, there is also a new book:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, Wypych, G, 2012\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book was written to emphasize importance of the material structure in photodegradation and photostabilization and also to account for the morphological changes which occur when materials degrade. This addition makes narrative of material degradation more comprehensive, showing new ways to deal with unstable materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI hope that the information provided in these four books will help readers to advance their studies on particular subjects of their research and that the results of these studies will be implemented in the future editions of these books, since we try to report current developments to foster future discoveries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Photophysics \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Nature of radiation \u003cbr\u003e1.1.1 Radiative energy \u003cbr\u003e1.1.2 Radiation intensity \u003cbr\u003e1.1.3 Radiation incidence \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Absorption of radiation by materials \u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 General principles \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Fate and utilization of absorbed energy \u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Deactivation \u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 Intramolecular energy transfer \u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 Intermolecular energy transfer \u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Luminescence \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Radiative processes involving dimers \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Modeling and photophysical data \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e2 Photochemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Typical routes of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Photodissociation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Photooxidation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Peroxide and hydroperoxide conversions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Norrish type I and II reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Photo-Fries rearrangement \u003cbr\u003e2.1.6 Photo-Fenton \u003cbr\u003e2.1.7 Photosubstitution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Photoaddition \u003cbr\u003e2.1.9 Photoelimination \u003cbr\u003e2.1.10 Photodimerization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.11 Photocondensation \u003cbr\u003e2.1.12 Photoisomerization \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Photochemical reactivity and quantum yield \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Excitation of excited state \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Parameters of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Quenchers and photosensitizers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e3 Parameters of Exposure \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 The source \u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Solar radiative emission \u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Effect of orbital variations on energy supply \u003cbr\u003e3.1.4 Interplanetary and near Earth space \u003cbr\u003e3.1.5 Stratosphere \u003cbr\u003e3.1.6 Troposphere \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Water \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Atmosphere composition \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Nitrogen compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Oxygen species \u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Hydrogen species \u003cbr\u003e3.5.4 Carbon oxides \u003cbr\u003e3.5.5 Sulfur-containing components \u003cbr\u003e3.5.6 Chlorine-containing components \u003cbr\u003e3.5.7 Particulate materials \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biological substances \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Water pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Stress \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Cooperative action of different parameters \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e4 Measurements in Assessment of Weathering Conditions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Measuring equipment and methods of measurement \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Standards \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Time of wetness \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Rain \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Carbon dioxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Particulate matter \u003cbr\u003e4.6.3 Sulfur dioxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.4 Nitrogen oxides \u003cbr\u003e4.6.5 Carbon monoxide \u003cbr\u003e4.6.6 Ozone \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e5 Climatic Conditions \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precipitation \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Wetness time \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Surface soiling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e6 Methods of Outdoor Exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Climatic conditions and degradation rate \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Variability of weather conditions and its impact on the strategy in outdoor \u003cbr\u003eexposures \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of specimen properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Typical methods of outdoor exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Exposure sites \u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Exposure racks \u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Exposure of products and components \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Other parameters of exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Relevant standards \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e7 Laboratory Degradation Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Light sources \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Filters \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Radiation: delivery, monitoring and control \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Temperature control \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Humidity control \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specimen spraying \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Specimen racks and holders \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Weathering equipment \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Correlation between different devices \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Precision of studies \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e8 Weathering Cycles \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e9 Sample Preparation \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e10 Weathering Data Interpretation. Lifetime Prediction \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e11 Artificial Weathering Versus Natural Exposure \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e12 Effect of Weathering on Material Properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Mass loss \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Depth of degradation \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Changes of color and optical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Surface changes \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Chemical composition of surface and bulk \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Morphology and structure of surface layers \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e12.10 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e13 Testing Methods of Weathered Specimen \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visual evaluation \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Imaging techniques \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Color changes \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Visible spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.7 UV spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Infrared spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Near infrared spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Nuclear magnetic resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Mass spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and phosphorescence \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Atomic absorption spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.17 WAXS and SAXS \u003cbr\u003e13.18 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS \u003cbr\u003e13.19 X-ray microtomography \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Mass change \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Density \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Diffusion of gases and water transport in polymer \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Ultrasonic measurements \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Rheological properties of materials \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Other physical parameters \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Flexural strength \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Impact strength \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Creep and constant strain tests \u003cbr\u003e13.34 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e13.35 Scratch and mar resistance \u003cbr\u003e13.36 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.37 Surface roughness \u003cbr\u003e13.38 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e13.39 Gas and liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e13.40 Titrimetry \u003cbr\u003e13.41 Dehydrochlorination rate \u003cbr\u003e13.42 Gel fraction \u003cbr\u003e13.43 Oxygen uptake \u003cbr\u003e13.44 Water absorption, porosity \u003cbr\u003e13.45 Microorganism growth test \u003cbr\u003e13.46 Environmental stress cracking resistance \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e14 Data on Specific Polymers \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, ASA \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Acrylic resins \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Cellulose \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Ethylene propylene rubber, EPR \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, EVAc \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Melamine resins \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Phenoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e14.16 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e14.17 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e14.18 Polycarbonates \u003cbr\u003e14.19 Polyesters \u003cbr\u003e14.20 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.21 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e14.22 Poly(ethylene glycol) \u003cbr\u003e14.23 Polyfluorene \u003cbr\u003e14.24 Polyimides \u003cbr\u003e14.25 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr\u003e14.26 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e14.27 Polyoxyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.28 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.29 Poly(phenylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e14.30 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e14.31 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr\u003e14.32 Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) \u003cbr\u003e14.33 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e14.34 Polystyrenes \u003cbr\u003e14.35 Polysulfones \u003cbr\u003e14.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.37 Polythiophene \u003cbr\u003e14.38 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e14.39 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e14.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e14.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride \u003cbr\u003e14.42 Poly(vinyl methyl ether) \u003cbr\u003e14.43 Styrene acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e14.44 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e14.45 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e14.46 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e14.46.1 Natural rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.46.1 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.2 Polychloroprene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.3 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.4 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e14.46.5 Styrene butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.46.6 Styrene butadiene styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e15 Effect of Additives on Weathering \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Fillers and reinforcing fibers \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Solvents and diluents \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Thermal stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Antimicrobial additives \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Curatives, crosslinkers, initiators \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Compatibilizer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Impurities \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Summary \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e16 Weathering of Compounded Products \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Automotive parts \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Automotive coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e16.8 Coil coated materials \u003cbr\u003e16.9 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.10 Concrete \u003cbr\u003e16.11 Conservation \u003cbr\u003e16.12 Construction materials \u003cbr\u003e16.13 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e16.14 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e16.15 Electronics and electrical materials \u003cbr\u003e16.16 Environmental pollutants \u003cbr\u003e16.17 Foams \u003cbr\u003e16.18 Food \u003cbr\u003e16.19 Gel coats \u003cbr\u003e16.20 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e16.21 Glass and glazing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.22 Greenhouse film \u003cbr\u003e16.23 Hair \u003cbr\u003e16.24 Laminates \u003cbr\u003e16.25 Medical equipment and supplies \u003cbr\u003e16.26 Military applications \u003cbr\u003e16.27 Molded materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28 Packaging materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28.1 Bottles \u003cbr\u003e16.28.2 Containers \u003cbr\u003e16.28.3 Crates and trays \u003cbr\u003e16.28.4 Films \u003cbr\u003e16.29 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.30 Pavements \u003cbr\u003e16.31 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e16.32 Pipes and tubing \u003cbr\u003e16.33 Pulp and paper \u003cbr\u003e16.34 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.35 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e16.36 Sheet \u003cbr\u003e16.37 Siding \u003cbr\u003e16.38 Solar cells and collectors \u003cbr\u003e16.39 Textiles \u003cbr\u003e16.40 Windows \u003cbr\u003e16.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e16.42 Wood \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e17 Recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Effect of degradation on recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Re-stabilization of material for recycling \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Multilayer materials \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Removable paint \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Chemical recycling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e18 Environmental Stress Cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Parameters controlling ESC \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Material composition \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Morphology and dimensions \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Processing and performance conditions \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Solubility parameters of solvents and polymers \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e18.2.6 Load and internal stress \u003cbr\u003e18.2.7 Time \u003cbr\u003e18.2.8 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Mechanisms of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Kinetics of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Effect of ESC on material durability \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e19 Interrelation Between Corrosion and Weathering \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e20 Weathering of Stones \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-51-5 Pages: 214 + viii Figures: 52 Tables: 23 Summary It is the first book ever written on this important subject. Odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased by customer or not. Odor can also be important reason for customer complaints and product return. Many leading companies...
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{"id":11242203652,"title":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials","handle":"978-1-895198-51-5","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-51-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePages: 214 + viii\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFigures: 52\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables: 23\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nIt is the first book ever written on this important subject. Odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased by customer or not. Odor can also be important reason for customer complaints and product return. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity and they actively study and modify odors of their products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral reasons are behind formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on severity of degradation of components of formulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Thirty seven polymers and forty one product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther important chapters discuss mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on testing of odor changes, relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on 17 methods of odor removal (the list of these methods is included in Table of Contents below).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe last three chapters discuss regulations related to odor in products, effects of odors on health and safety, and effect of odors from plastic materials on indoor air quality.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard to find source publications and numerous patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and transport\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Volatile chemicals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Biodegradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Effect of temperature and time\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Effect of light exposure\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Effect of gamma-irradiation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Migration\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.7 Leaching\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.8 Partitioning\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.9 Odor-releasing devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Sweet blossom-like (fruity)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Grassy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Liquorice\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Petroleum\/phenolic\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.5 “Plastic”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Medicinal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Ethanol with fusel oil\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.9 Fatty\/Waxy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Moldy\/musty\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Sewer\/rotten\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Animal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Cheesy\/buttery\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Smoky, burnt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Metallic\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Sour or acrid\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Minty\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Coconut\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Cardboard-like\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Mushroom-like\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Reasons for odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Effect of polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Effect of additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of processing conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Contact with other materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of storage conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Effect of humidity \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Mechanism of smell 208\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Sampling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Active odor sensing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Electronic nose\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Odor digitization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Sensory analysis (Test panel evaluation)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.7 GC\/MS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.8 GC\/olfactometry\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.9 Threshold odor number\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.10 Sensors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.11 Visualization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 ABS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Acrylics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cellulosic polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Cyanoacrylate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Epoxy resin\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.7 Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer, EPDM\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.8 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.9 Ethylene-vinyl acetate, EVA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.10 Ionomers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.11 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.12 Polyacrylate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.13 Polyamide-66\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.14 Polyamine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.15 Polyaniline\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.16 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.17 Polycarbonate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.18 Polychloroprene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.19 Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.20 Polyethylene, crosslinked\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.21 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.22 Polyisoprene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.23 Polyimide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.24 Polyoxymethylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.25 Polyphenylene ether\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.26 Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.27 Polystyrene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.28 Polysulfide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.29 Polyurethane\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.30 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.31 Polyvinylalcohol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.32 Polyvinylbutyral\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.33 Polyvinylchloride\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.34 Polyvinylchloride, chlorinated\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.36 Rubber\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.37 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Odor in relation to various products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Adhesives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Alcoholic beverages\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Automotive materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Bottles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Cementitious materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.8 Coated fabrics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.9 Composites\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.10 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.11 Defence materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.12 Dental materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.13 Electronics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.14 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.15 Films\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.16 Flooring\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.17 Foam\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.18 Food\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.19 Footwear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.20 Fruits\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.21 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.22 Inks\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.23 Landfills\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.24 Laminates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.25 Medical\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.26 Membranes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.27 Oil sands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.28 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.29 Pavement\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.30 Pharmaceutical products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.31 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.32 Pipes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.33 Plumbing materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.34 Roofing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.35 Sealants\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.36 Soft drinks\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.37 Tires\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.38 Tubing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.39 Water\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.40 Wine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Blow molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Calendering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Compression molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Dry blending\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.7 Extrusion coating\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.8 Injection molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.9 Jointing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Ozonation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Microoxygenation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Complex formation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Coagulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Degasification\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.7 Biodegradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.8 Microorganism enzyme\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Biofiltration\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.10 Photocatalysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.11 Activated carbon\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.12 Absecents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.13 Adsorbents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Filters\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.15 Scavengers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.16 Odor-masking\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.17 Odor-stripping \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Regulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 19 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, ChemTec Publishing), 2databases (Solvents Database, 1st and 2nd Edition and Database of Antistatics, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 47 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:48-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:48-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","book","environment","general","odor","odor formation","plastics","storage","testning methods"],"price":27500,"price_min":27500,"price_max":27500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378316484,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-51-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-51-5.jpg?v=1499719819"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-51-5.jpg?v=1499719819","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":355730423901,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-51-5.jpg?v=1499719819"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-51-5.jpg?v=1499719819","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-51-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePages: 214 + viii\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFigures: 52\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables: 23\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nIt is the first book ever written on this important subject. Odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased by customer or not. Odor can also be important reason for customer complaints and product return. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity and they actively study and modify odors of their products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral reasons are behind formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on severity of degradation of components of formulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Thirty seven polymers and forty one product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther important chapters discuss mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on testing of odor changes, relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on 17 methods of odor removal (the list of these methods is included in Table of Contents below).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe last three chapters discuss regulations related to odor in products, effects of odors on health and safety, and effect of odors from plastic materials on indoor air quality.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard to find source publications and numerous patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and transport\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Volatile chemicals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Biodegradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Effect of temperature and time\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Effect of light exposure\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Effect of gamma-irradiation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Migration\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.7 Leaching\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.8 Partitioning\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.9 Odor-releasing devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Sweet blossom-like (fruity)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Grassy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Liquorice\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Petroleum\/phenolic\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.5 “Plastic”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Medicinal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.8 Ethanol with fusel oil\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.9 Fatty\/Waxy\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.10 Moldy\/musty\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.11 Sewer\/rotten\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.12 Animal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.13 Cheesy\/buttery\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.14 Smoky, burnt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.15 Metallic\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Sour or acrid\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Minty\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Coconut\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.19 Cardboard-like\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.20 Mushroom-like\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Reasons for odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Effect of polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Effect of additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of processing conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Contact with other materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of storage conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Effect of humidity \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Mechanism of smell 208\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Sampling\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Active odor sensing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Electronic nose\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Odor digitization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Sensory analysis (Test panel evaluation)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.7 GC\/MS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.8 GC\/olfactometry\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.9 Threshold odor number\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.10 Sensors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.11 Visualization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 ABS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Acrylics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cellulosic polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Cyanoacrylate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Epoxy resin\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.7 Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer, EPDM\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.8 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.9 Ethylene-vinyl acetate, EVA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.10 Ionomers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.11 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.12 Polyacrylate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.13 Polyamide-66\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.14 Polyamine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.15 Polyaniline\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.16 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.17 Polycarbonate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.18 Polychloroprene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.19 Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.20 Polyethylene, crosslinked\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.21 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.22 Polyisoprene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.23 Polyimide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.24 Polyoxymethylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.25 Polyphenylene ether\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.26 Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.27 Polystyrene\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.28 Polysulfide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.29 Polyurethane\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.30 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.31 Polyvinylalcohol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.32 Polyvinylbutyral\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.33 Polyvinylchloride\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.34 Polyvinylchloride, chlorinated\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.36 Rubber\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.37 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Odor in relation to various products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Adhesives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Alcoholic beverages\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Automotive materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Bottles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Cementitious materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.8 Coated fabrics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.9 Composites\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.10 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.11 Defence materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.12 Dental materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.13 Electronics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.14 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.15 Films\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.16 Flooring\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.17 Foam\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.18 Food\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.19 Footwear\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.20 Fruits\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.21 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.22 Inks\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.23 Landfills\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.24 Laminates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.25 Medical\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.26 Membranes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.27 Oil sands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.28 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.29 Pavement\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.30 Pharmaceutical products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.31 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.32 Pipes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.33 Plumbing materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.34 Roofing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.35 Sealants\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.36 Soft drinks\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.37 Tires\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.38 Tubing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.39 Water\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.40 Wine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Blow molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Calendering\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Compression molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Dry blending\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.7 Extrusion coating\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.8 Injection molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.9 Jointing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Ozonation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Microoxygenation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Complex formation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Coagulation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Degasification\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.7 Biodegradation\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.8 Microorganism enzyme\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Biofiltration\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.10 Photocatalysis\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.11 Activated carbon\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.12 Absecents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.13 Adsorbents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Filters\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.15 Scavengers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.16 Odor-masking\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.17 Odor-stripping \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Regulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 19 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, ChemTec Publishing), 2databases (Solvents Database, 1st and 2nd Edition and Database of Antistatics, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 47 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e"}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-98-0 (hard copy) Published: Apr. 2017 Pages: 252 + viiiFigures: 61Tables: 25 Summary It is the first book ever written on this important subject. The second edition contains the most recent data and information developed for this important field. The odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased...
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{"id":11427268036,"title":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 2nd Ed.","handle":"handbook-of-odors-in-plastic-materials-2nd-ed","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-98-0 (hard copy) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Apr. 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages: 252 + viii\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 61\u003cbr\u003eTables: 25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is the first book ever written on this important subject. The second edition contains the most recent data and information developed for this important field. The odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased by the customer or not. Odor can also be an important reason for customer complaints and product returns. In scented products retention of volatile components is of particular interest. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity and they actively study and modify odors of their products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral reasons are behind formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on severity of degradation of components of formulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Almost forty polymers and forty-two product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther important chapters discuss the mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains information on testing of odor changes, a relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as a selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains information on 17 methods of odor removal (the list of these methods is included in Table of Contents below).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe last three chapters discuss regulations related to odor in products, effects of odors on health and safety, and effect of odors from plastic materials on indoor air quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard to find source publications and numerous patents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and its transport\u003cbr\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e6 Reasons odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr\u003e9 Odor in various products\u003cbr\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr\u003e12 Regulations \u003cbr\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003c\/p\u003e\nIndex\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-07-13T17:05:02-04:00","created_at":"2017-07-13T17:06:44-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2017","book","environment","formation odor","general","plastic odor","plastics","storage","testning methods"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":45224836164,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 2nd Ed.","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-895198-98-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-98-0.jpg?v=1499980065"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-98-0.jpg?v=1499980065","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":362549739613,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-98-0.jpg?v=1499980065"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-98-0.jpg?v=1499980065","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-98-0 (hard copy) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Apr. 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages: 252 + viii\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 61\u003cbr\u003eTables: 25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is the first book ever written on this important subject. The second edition contains the most recent data and information developed for this important field. The odor of product may decide whether a product is purchased by the customer or not. Odor can also be an important reason for customer complaints and product returns. In scented products retention of volatile components is of particular interest. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity and they actively study and modify odors of their products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral reasons are behind formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on severity of degradation of components of formulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Almost forty polymers and forty-two product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther important chapters discuss the mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains information on testing of odor changes, a relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as a selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book also contains information on 17 methods of odor removal (the list of these methods is included in Table of Contents below).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe last three chapters discuss regulations related to odor in products, effects of odors on health and safety, and effect of odors from plastic materials on indoor air quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard to find source publications and numerous patents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and its transport\u003cbr\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e6 Reasons odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr\u003e9 Odor in various products\u003cbr\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr\u003e12 Regulations \u003cbr\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003c\/p\u003e\nIndex\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-77467-020-0 (hard copy) Published: Jan. 2023 Pages: 390 + viiiFigures: 77Tables: 33 Summary This handbook will be of value to a wide range of people involved in the plastics industry, including plastic manufacturing engineers, material scientists and production personnel, quality assurance managers, and laboratory technicians.It is the first book ever...
$350.00
in stock
{"id":7703563108509,"title":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 3rd Ed.","handle":"handbook-of-odors-in-plastic-materials-3rd-ed","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-020-0 (hard copy) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 390 + viii\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures: 77\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables: 33\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis handbook will be of value to a wide range of people involved in the plastics industry, including plastic manufacturing engineers, material scientists and production personnel, quality assurance managers, and laboratory technicians.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is the first book ever written on this crucial subject. The third edition contains a thorough review of the most recent data, achievements, and information in this less-known but very significant field of polymer modification. The odor of the product may decide whether a product is purchased by a customer or not. Odor is also an important reason for customer complaints, legislative work, legal disputes, and product returns. In scented products, the retention of volatile components is of particular interest. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity, and they actively study and modify odors typical of their products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral reasons are behind the formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on the severity of degradation of components of the formulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Almost forty polymers and forty-two product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther important chapters discuss the mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on testing odor changes, the relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as a selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials presents a comprehensive treatise of the state-of-the-art in all aspects of plastic odor. It covers general techniques for testing, evaluation, and control of plastic odors; identification techniques for plastics derived from renewable feedstocks; deodorants and antiozonants; waste management and its impact on the environment; legislation affecting plastic odor-related products; and future trends toward environmental sustainability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard-to-find source publications and numerous patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and its transport\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6 Reasons for odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e9 Odor in various products\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e12 Regulations \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIndex\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-02-24T14:14:51-05:00","created_at":"2023-02-24T14:07:49-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2023","book","environment","formation odor","general","plastic odor","plastics","storage","testning methods"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43394004549789,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 3rd Ed.","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-77467-020-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670200-Case.png?v=1677265986"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670200-Case.png?v=1677265986","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":27340037882013,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670200-Case.png?v=1677265986"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670200-Case.png?v=1677265986","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-020-0 (hard copy) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 390 + viii\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures: 77\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables: 33\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis handbook will be of value to a wide range of people involved in the plastics industry, including plastic manufacturing engineers, material scientists and production personnel, quality assurance managers, and laboratory technicians.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is the first book ever written on this crucial subject. The third edition contains a thorough review of the most recent data, achievements, and information in this less-known but very significant field of polymer modification. The odor of the product may decide whether a product is purchased by a customer or not. Odor is also an important reason for customer complaints, legislative work, legal disputes, and product returns. In scented products, the retention of volatile components is of particular interest. Many leading companies have recognized this as an opportunity, and they actively study and modify odors typical of their products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral reasons are behind the formation of odors in plastic materials, including \u003cbr\u003e1. Properties of polymer\u003cbr\u003e2. Use of other materials than polymer, especially materials required in processing (additives)\u003cbr\u003e3. Process parameters and their effect on the severity of degradation of components of the formulation\u003cbr\u003e4. Exposure to different forms of radiation and oxygen\u003cbr\u003e5. Recycling of polymeric materials\u003cbr\u003e6. Contact with other products\u003cbr\u003e7. Storage\u003cbr\u003ea. Diffusion-related properties\u003cbr\u003eb. Migration-evaporation\u003cbr\u003ec. Storage in the same space\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above reasons are analyzed for different materials to find out the best methods to prevent unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products, and methods of processing. Almost forty polymers and forty-two product groups are analyzed based on research publications and patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther important chapters discuss the mechanism of odor formation and its transport within a material, distinctive odors found in plastic materials, taste, and fogging.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book also contains information on testing odor changes, the relationship between odor and toxicity, as well as a selection of raw materials for fog-free products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Odors in Plastic Materials presents a comprehensive treatise of the state-of-the-art in all aspects of plastic odor. It covers general techniques for testing, evaluation, and control of plastic odors; identification techniques for plastics derived from renewable feedstocks; deodorants and antiozonants; waste management and its impact on the environment; legislation affecting plastic odor-related products; and future trends toward environmental sustainability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials is needed by anyone interested in plastic materials. The book contains complete information based on hard-to-find source publications and numerous patents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 Mechanisms of odor formation and its transport\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3 Distinctive odors\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4 Taste \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 Fogging \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6 Reasons for odor formation in plastic materials\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7 Methods of testing in odor analysis\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8 Odor in relation to different polymers\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e9 Odor in various products\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e10 Effect of processing method\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e11 Methods of odor removal\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e12 Regulations \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e13 Health and safety \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e14 Indoor air quality\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIndex\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: George Wypych Editor ISBN 978-1-895198-50-8 Pages 748, Tables 114, Figures 416, References 3876 Summary This book contains the comprehensive review of information available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous edition. The...
$285.00
in stock
{"id":11242200196,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-50-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-50-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages 748, Tables 114, Figures 416, References 3876\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book contains the comprehensive review of information available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous edition. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing the variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll numerical data are in the form of database (see information on Plasticizer Database which is a separate publication), whereas the theoretical component of information is given in the traditional form of a printed book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the groups and also to give ranges of expected properties for a given group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty five Sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 34 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with Plasticizer Database which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003eMax Kron \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 THEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution of materials in contact \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García, and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Effect of plasticizers on other properties \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 es \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJ.C. García","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:37-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:37-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2012","abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378305028,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-50-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335190109,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"width":387,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955"},"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955","width":387}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-50-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages 748, Tables 114, Figures 416, References 3876\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book contains the comprehensive review of information available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous edition. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing the variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll numerical data are in the form of database (see information on Plasticizer Database which is a separate publication), whereas the theoretical component of information is given in the traditional form of a printed book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the groups and also to give ranges of expected properties for a given group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty five Sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 34 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with Plasticizer Database which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003eMax Kron \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 THEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution of materials in contact \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García, and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Effect of plasticizers on other properties \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 es \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJ.C. García"}
Description Editor: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-97-3 (hard copy)Published: March 2017 Pages 858+xiiTables 122, Figures 373 Summary This book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from...
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{"id":11427318148,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 3rd Edition","handle":"handbook-of-plasticizers-3rd-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-97-3 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages 858+xii\u003cbr\u003eTables 122, Figures 373\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous editions. \u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used for the production of plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in the selection of plasticizers. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of a printed book, entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\nTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTwenty-eight sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation.\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEditor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 25 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Databook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003ePVC Degradation and Stabilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1 \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eINTRODUCTION \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eMax Kron \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 \u003cstrong\u003eTHEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution in materials in contact \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.21 Stability of physico-mechanical properties of plasticized polyetherurethane in a humid medium\u003cbr\u003eM. A. Makarova, V. V. Tereshatov, A. I .Slobodinyuk, V. Yu. Senichev, Zh. A. Vnutskikh\u003cbr\u003e10.22 Fusible diurethane plasticizers for thermoplastic polyurethane composites\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, V. Yu. Senichev\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Determination of osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, Zh. A. Vnutskikh, V. Yu. Senichev, A. I. Slobodinyuk\u003cbr\u003e10.24 Self-healing\u003cbr\u003e10.25 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.26 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Effect of plasticizers on other properties\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García, and M. Beltran \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eM. Beltrán, J. C. Garcia, and A. Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED MATERIALS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eSøren Thor Larsen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy\u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers? \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers: basic biology and human \u003cbr\u003eextrapolation\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eClaire Sadler, Ann-Marie Bergholm, Nicola Powles-Glover, and Ruth A Roberts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPARa \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to PPS \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams and Carl L. Keen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP\u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal and conceptus nutrient metabolism \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments\u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Acknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of findings from the U.S. National Toxicology Program's Expert Panel Reports\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Exposure to adults in the general population \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Exposure of vulnerable sub-populations \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 Health effects of phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 US NTP expert panel conclusions\u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Public health implications\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWerner Butte\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003eAddendum \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-07-13T17:08:39-04:00","created_at":"2017-07-13T17:11:28-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2017","abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":45225353156,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 3rd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-895198-97-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":407379804253,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-97-3 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages 858+xii\u003cbr\u003eTables 122, Figures 373\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous editions. \u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used for the production of plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in the selection of plasticizers. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of a printed book, entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\nTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTwenty-eight sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation.\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEditor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 25 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Databook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003ePVC Degradation and Stabilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1 \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eINTRODUCTION \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eMax Kron \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 \u003cstrong\u003eTHEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution in materials in contact \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.21 Stability of physico-mechanical properties of plasticized polyetherurethane in a humid medium\u003cbr\u003eM. A. Makarova, V. V. Tereshatov, A. I .Slobodinyuk, V. Yu. Senichev, Zh. A. Vnutskikh\u003cbr\u003e10.22 Fusible diurethane plasticizers for thermoplastic polyurethane composites\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, V. Yu. Senichev\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Determination of osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, Zh. A. Vnutskikh, V. Yu. Senichev, A. I. Slobodinyuk\u003cbr\u003e10.24 Self-healing\u003cbr\u003e10.25 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.26 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Effect of plasticizers on other properties\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García, and M. Beltran \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eM. Beltrán, J. C. Garcia, and A. Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED MATERIALS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eSøren Thor Larsen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy\u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers? \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers: basic biology and human \u003cbr\u003eextrapolation\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eClaire Sadler, Ann-Marie Bergholm, Nicola Powles-Glover, and Ruth A Roberts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPARa \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to PPS \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams and Carl L. Keen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP\u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal and conceptus nutrient metabolism \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments\u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Acknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of findings from the U.S. National Toxicology Program's Expert Panel Reports\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Exposure to adults in the general population \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Exposure of vulnerable sub-populations \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 Health effects of phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 US NTP expert panel conclusions\u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Public health implications\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWerner Butte\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003eAddendum \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Description Editor: George Wypych ISBN 978-1- 77467-022-4 (hard copy)Published: Jan. 2023 Pages 894+xxiiTables 115, Figures 360 Summary Handbook of Plasticizers brings together in one place all that is known about this vital and rapidly expanding field. The book serves both as a basic reference source for researchers, engineers, and others involved in plastics processing,...
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{"id":7703557439645,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 4th Edition","handle":"handbook-of-plasticizers-4th-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1- 77467-022-4 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr\u003ePages 894+xxii\u003cbr\u003eTables 115, Figures 360\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHandbook of Plasticizers brings together in one place all that is known about this vital and rapidly expanding field. The book serves both as a basic reference source for researchers, engineers, and others involved in plastics processing, research and development as well as a source of ideas regarding future developments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The information from the most recent sources was used to update information from previous editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe information available today permits the use of plasticizers more effectively and helps to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used to produce plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in their selection. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials that may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database, should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in a condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of the printed book entitled \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTwenty-one chapters are included in the Handbook of Plasticizers. The full Table of Contents is given below. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information that may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers that belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6, and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain the mechanisms of plasticizers’ action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies, which help in understanding these steps and the parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty-nine sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and the principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. The use of such a consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilarly, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown, including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14, attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: The effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with the use of plasticizers, In the fluence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer’s effect on health, safety, and the environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers’ effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers’ persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers, especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide the right answers. This book is best used in conjunction with the \u003cb\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/b\u003e and\/or \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e which give information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins, \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Energetic plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Epoxides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Glutarates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon resins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.1 Esters \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.2 Polybutenes \u003cbr\u003e2.26.3 Others \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Succinates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal plasticization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion \u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Polyvinylchloride standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time \u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity \u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value \u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification \u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness \u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties \u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration \u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 COMPATIBILITY OF PLASTICIZERS 159\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Prediction methods of plasticizer compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Flory-Huggins interaction parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Prediction of Gibbs free energy of mixing UNIFAC-FV \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Molar volume \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Hansen solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Hoy solubility parameters and other methods based on solubility\u003cbr\u003eparameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.7 Hildebrand solubility parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.8 Molecule charge density using COSMO \u003cbr\u003e6.1.9 Mesoscale simulation using DPD \u003cbr\u003e6.1.10 Ap\/Po ratio \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Validation methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 DSC analysis \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Solid-gel transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of plasticizer structure and conditions of incorporation on\u003cbr\u003ecompatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Effect of plasticizer structure \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.1 Aromaticity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.2 Branching \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.3 Chain length \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.4 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.5 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Conditions of incorporation \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.1 Amount (concentration) \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.2 Method of processing \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Effect of plasticizer type on properties of plasticized material \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Exudation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 Permanence \u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 Volatility \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in the matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their suitability \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of\u003cbr\u003eplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by TG \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from the material due to chemical decomposition\u003cbr\u003ereactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionizing radiation on plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling \u003cbr\u003e10.19 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Hydrophobic\/hydrophilic properties \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.23 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.26 Dissolution \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e10.29 Sorption \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.1.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.2.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrate and propionate \u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.7.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e11.8.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.8.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.9.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.9.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.10.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.10.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.11.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.12.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.12.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose \u003cbr\u003e11.13.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.13.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.13.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.14 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.14.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.14.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.15.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.15.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.17.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.17.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.18.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.18.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e11.20.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.20.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide \u003cbr\u003e11.21.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.21.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e11.24.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.24.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.24.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.25.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.25.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate) \u003cbr\u003e11.26.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.26.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.27.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.27.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.28.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.28.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.31.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.31.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.31.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.32.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.32.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.33.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.33.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.33.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.35.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.35.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.36.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.36.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide \u003cbr\u003e11.37.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.37.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.38.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.38.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.38.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.39.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.39.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.40.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.40.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.42.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.42.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.42.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.43.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.43.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.43.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.45.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.45.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.45.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.46.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.46.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e11.48.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.48.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.4 Mechanism of plasticizers action \u003cbr\u003e11.48.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymers and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.48.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr\u003e11.49.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.49.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.50.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.50.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.50.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.51.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.51.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.52.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.52.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.52.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinylfluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.54.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.56.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.56.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.56.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural \u003cbr\u003e11.57.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.57.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e11.58.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.58.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.58.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.59.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.59.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.59.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.59.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.60.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e11.61.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.61.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61.5 Typical formulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.1.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive \u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.5.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.6.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.6.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Plasticizer concentrations \u003cbr\u003e13.7.3 Reasons for addition \u003cbr\u003e13.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e13.8.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.8.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.8.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.10.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.10.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.10.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.11.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.11.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.11.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e13.12.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.12.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.12.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.12.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.13.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.13.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.13.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.14.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.14.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.14.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.15.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.15.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.15.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams \u003cbr\u003e13.16.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.16.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.16.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.16.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.17.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.17.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.17.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.5 Example of formulation \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.18.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets \u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.19.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.5 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.21.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.21.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.22.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.22.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.22.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.22.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.23.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.23.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.23.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.23.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.24.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.24.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.24.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.25.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.25.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.25.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.26.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.26.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.26.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.26.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials \u003cbr\u003e13.27.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.27.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.27.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.28.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.28.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.28.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.29.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.29.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.29.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.29.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires \u003cbr\u003e13.30.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.30.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.30.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.30.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e13.31.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.31.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.31.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.31.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.32.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.32.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.32.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e13.33.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.33.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.33.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.33.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Potential health risk of exposure to DEHP from glove \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eSøren Thor Larsen \u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy \u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.1 Epidemiological studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.2 In vivo (animal) studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e: basic biology and human extrapolation \u003cbr\u003eAbigail L Walker and Ruth A Roberts\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Developing areas of interest in hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.4 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic\u003cbr\u003ehepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPAR \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5.1 Challenges in alternative models \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams1 and Carl L. Keen\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP \u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments \u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Recent findings \u003cbr\u003e17.3.6 Acknowledgments \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of U.S. actions\u003cbr\u003eto protect those most vulnerable \u003cbr\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson and Dhara Richardson\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 The U.S. response to phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Some U.S. State-level actions \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 2008 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) petition, lawsuit, and final ruling \u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Preventing Harmful Exposure to Phthalates Act 117th Congress\u003cbr\u003e(2021-2022) \u003cbr\u003e17.4.7 Other U.S. Federal Agencies \u003cbr\u003e17.4.8 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003eWerner Butte\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.1 Indoor air \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.2 House dust \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.1 Indoor plasticizers and health \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.2 Human exposure assessment for plasticizers in the indoor\u003cbr\u003eenvironment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.3 Reference and guideline values of plasticizers to assess indoor\u003cbr\u003equality \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water. \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-02-24T14:06:20-05:00","created_at":"2023-02-24T13:56:07-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":39000,"price_min":39000,"price_max":39000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43393978663069,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 4th Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":39000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-77467-022-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":27340016779421,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1- 77467-022-4 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr\u003ePages 894+xxii\u003cbr\u003eTables 115, Figures 360\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHandbook of Plasticizers brings together in one place all that is known about this vital and rapidly expanding field. The book serves both as a basic reference source for researchers, engineers, and others involved in plastics processing, research and development as well as a source of ideas regarding future developments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The information from the most recent sources was used to update information from previous editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe information available today permits the use of plasticizers more effectively and helps to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used to produce plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in their selection. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials that may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database, should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in a condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of the printed book entitled \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTwenty-one chapters are included in the Handbook of Plasticizers. The full Table of Contents is given below. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information that may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers that belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6, and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain the mechanisms of plasticizers’ action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies, which help in understanding these steps and the parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty-nine sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and the principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. The use of such a consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilarly, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown, including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14, attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: The effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with the use of plasticizers, In the fluence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer’s effect on health, safety, and the environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers’ effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers’ persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers, especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide the right answers. This book is best used in conjunction with the \u003cb\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/b\u003e and\/or \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e which give information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins, \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Energetic plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Epoxides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Glutarates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon resins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.1 Esters \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.2 Polybutenes \u003cbr\u003e2.26.3 Others \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Succinates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal plasticization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion \u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Polyvinylchloride standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time \u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity \u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value \u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification \u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness \u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties \u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration \u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 COMPATIBILITY OF PLASTICIZERS 159\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Prediction methods of plasticizer compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Flory-Huggins interaction parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Prediction of Gibbs free energy of mixing UNIFAC-FV \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Molar volume \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Hansen solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Hoy solubility parameters and other methods based on solubility\u003cbr\u003eparameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.7 Hildebrand solubility parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.8 Molecule charge density using COSMO \u003cbr\u003e6.1.9 Mesoscale simulation using DPD \u003cbr\u003e6.1.10 Ap\/Po ratio \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Validation methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 DSC analysis \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Solid-gel transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of plasticizer structure and conditions of incorporation on\u003cbr\u003ecompatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Effect of plasticizer structure \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.1 Aromaticity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.2 Branching \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.3 Chain length \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.4 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.5 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Conditions of incorporation \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.1 Amount (concentration) \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.2 Method of processing \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Effect of plasticizer type on properties of plasticized material \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Exudation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 Permanence \u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 Volatility \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in the matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their suitability \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of\u003cbr\u003eplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by TG \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from the material due to chemical decomposition\u003cbr\u003ereactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionizing radiation on plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling \u003cbr\u003e10.19 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Hydrophobic\/hydrophilic properties \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.23 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.26 Dissolution \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e10.29 Sorption \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.1.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.2.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrate and propionate \u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.7.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e11.8.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.8.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.9.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.9.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.10.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.10.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.11.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.12.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.12.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose \u003cbr\u003e11.13.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.13.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.13.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.14 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.14.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.14.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.15.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.15.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.17.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.17.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.18.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.18.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e11.20.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.20.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide \u003cbr\u003e11.21.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.21.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e11.24.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.24.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.24.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.25.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.25.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate) \u003cbr\u003e11.26.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.26.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.27.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.27.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.28.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.28.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.31.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.31.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.31.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.32.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.32.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.33.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.33.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.33.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.35.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.35.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.36.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.36.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide \u003cbr\u003e11.37.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.37.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.38.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.38.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.38.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.39.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.39.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.40.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.40.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.42.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.42.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.42.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.43.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.43.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.43.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.45.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.45.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.45.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.46.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.46.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e11.48.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.48.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.4 Mechanism of plasticizers action \u003cbr\u003e11.48.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymers and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.48.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr\u003e11.49.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.49.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.50.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.50.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.50.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.51.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.51.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.52.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.52.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.52.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinylfluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.54.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.56.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.56.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.56.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural \u003cbr\u003e11.57.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.57.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e11.58.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.58.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.58.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.59.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.59.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.59.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.59.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.60.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e11.61.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.61.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61.5 Typical formulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.1.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive \u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.5.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.6.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.6.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Plasticizer concentrations \u003cbr\u003e13.7.3 Reasons for addition \u003cbr\u003e13.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e13.8.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.8.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.8.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.10.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.10.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.10.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.11.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.11.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.11.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e13.12.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.12.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.12.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.12.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.13.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.13.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.13.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.14.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.14.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.14.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.15.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.15.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.15.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams \u003cbr\u003e13.16.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.16.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.16.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.16.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.17.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.17.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.17.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.5 Example of formulation \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.18.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets \u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.19.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.5 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.21.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.21.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.22.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.22.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.22.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.22.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.23.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.23.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.23.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.23.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.24.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.24.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.24.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.25.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.25.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.25.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.26.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.26.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.26.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.26.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials \u003cbr\u003e13.27.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.27.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.27.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.28.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.28.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.28.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.29.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.29.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.29.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.29.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires \u003cbr\u003e13.30.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.30.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.30.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.30.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e13.31.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.31.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.31.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.31.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.32.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.32.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.32.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e13.33.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.33.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.33.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.33.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Potential health risk of exposure to DEHP from glove \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eSøren Thor Larsen \u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy \u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.1 Epidemiological studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.2 In vivo (animal) studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e: basic biology and human extrapolation \u003cbr\u003eAbigail L Walker and Ruth A Roberts\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Developing areas of interest in hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.4 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic\u003cbr\u003ehepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPAR \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5.1 Challenges in alternative models \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams1 and Carl L. Keen\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP \u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments \u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Recent findings \u003cbr\u003e17.3.6 Acknowledgments \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of U.S. actions\u003cbr\u003eto protect those most vulnerable \u003cbr\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson and Dhara Richardson\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 The U.S. response to phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Some U.S. State-level actions \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 2008 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) petition, lawsuit, and final ruling \u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Preventing Harmful Exposure to Phthalates Act 117th Congress\u003cbr\u003e(2021-2022) \u003cbr\u003e17.4.7 Other U.S. Federal Agencies \u003cbr\u003e17.4.8 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003eWerner Butte\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.1 Indoor air \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.2 House dust \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.1 Indoor plasticizers and health \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.2 Human exposure assessment for plasticizers in the indoor\u003cbr\u003eenvironment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.3 Reference and guideline values of plasticizers to assess indoor\u003cbr\u003equality \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water. \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: Dr. George Wypych 10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0 13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9Pages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184 Summary Announcing the most comprehensive book on solvents This book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their...
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{"id":11242248580,"title":"Handbook of Solvents","handle":"1-895198-24-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su","published_at":"2018-02-16T11:01:03-05:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:10-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378467780,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356342923357,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1-927885-38-3 Published: March 2019Pages 900+xFigures: 315Tables: 130 Summary The third edition contains the most recent findings and trends in the solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health & Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up to date information ever...
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{"id":2059094556765,"title":"Handbook of Solvents - 3rd Edition, Volume 1, Properties","handle":"handbook-of-solvents-3rd-edition-volume-1-properties","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-38-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2019\u003cbr\u003ePages 900+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 315\u003cbr\u003eTables: 130\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe third edition contains the most recent findings and trends in the solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health \u0026amp; Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up to date information ever published on solvents. \u003cbr\u003eEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific aspect of solvent properties which determine its selection, such as effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. The detailed breakdown of the book contents is given in Table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data on individual solvents to the databooks containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Solvation dynamics: theory and experiments\u003cbr\u003eYogita Silori and Arijit K. De, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Knowledge City, India\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Tatyana Rebrova and Alexander Rebrov, Institute for Scintillation Materials, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski, Boguslaw Pilarski, Augustin Asuero, Anna Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland and University of Seville Seville, Spain\u003cbr\u003e10 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant\u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eMalgorzata Wielgus and Wojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e11 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12 EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfganG Linert, Markus Holzweber, and Roland Schmid, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","published_at":"2019-03-18T15:00:01-04:00","created_at":"2019-03-18T14:49:26-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2019","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","book","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","p-additives","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":20181960851549,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents - 3rd Edition, Volume 1, Properties","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1895198-64-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-38-3.jpg?v=1552935229"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-38-3.jpg?v=1552935229","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":1423177613405,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-38-3.jpg?v=1552935229"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-38-3.jpg?v=1552935229","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-38-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2019\u003cbr\u003ePages 900+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 315\u003cbr\u003eTables: 130\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe third edition contains the most recent findings and trends in the solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health \u0026amp; Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up to date information ever published on solvents. \u003cbr\u003eEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific aspect of solvent properties which determine its selection, such as effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. The detailed breakdown of the book contents is given in Table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data on individual solvents to the databooks containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Solvation dynamics: theory and experiments\u003cbr\u003eYogita Silori and Arijit K. De, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Knowledge City, India\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Tatyana Rebrova and Alexander Rebrov, Institute for Scintillation Materials, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski, Boguslaw Pilarski, Augustin Asuero, Anna Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland and University of Seville Seville, Spain\u003cbr\u003e10 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant\u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eMalgorzata Wielgus and Wojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e11 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12 EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfganG Linert, Markus Holzweber, and Roland Schmid, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1-927885-41-3 Publication date: March 2019Number of pages: 930+xiiFigures: 240Tables: 260 Summary The volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents...
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{"id":2059099308125,"title":"Handbook of Solvents - 3rd Edition, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","handle":"handbook-of-solvents-3rd-edition-volume-2-use-health-and-environment","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-41-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: March 2019\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 930+xii\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 240\u003cbr\u003eTables: 260\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. This followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe third edition contains the most recent findings and trends in the solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 1 Properties; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up to date information ever published on solvents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on the available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14 contains information on the methods of analysis of solvents and materials containing solvents. The chapter is divided into two sections containing standard and special methods of solvent analysis. This chapter is followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in chapter 16. The chapter also contains discussion of solvents impact on tropospheric air pollution.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe next two chapters are devoted to toxicology of solvents and regulations aiming to keep solvents toxicity under control. The analysis of concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries, specific issues related to paint industry, and characteristics of environment in automotive collision repair shops are followed by the thorough discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolvent toxicology chapters were written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effects of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations which should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters show some examples of solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and agriculture-based products, such as ethyl lactate. Discussion of solvent recycling, removal, and degradation includes absorptive solvent recovery, comparison of results of recovery and incineration, and application of solar photocatalytic oxidation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive two volume book has no equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today Also, Solvent database on CD-ROM is available which contains data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvent efficiently and safely.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.20.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.20.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Bart Desmedt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental chemistry of organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 The environmental chemistry of ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Solvent levels in the vehicle collision repair industry\u003cbr\u003eSamuel Keer, Centre for Public Health Research, Wellington, New Zealand\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Solvent exposure in pregnancy\u003cbr\u003eSC Mitchell, Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK and RH Waring\u003cbr\u003eSchool of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Nephrotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers exposed to benzene including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Genotoxicity of benzene\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Hepatotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.8 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney and Johan Jacquemin, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Novel applications of the bio-based solvent ethyl lactate in chemical technology\u003cbr\u003eDavid Villanueva-Bermejo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, \u003cbr\u003eUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Tiziana Fornari, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Recovery versus incineration\u003cbr\u003eDanilo Alexander Figueroa Paredes and José Espinosa. INGAR, Avellaneda, Argentina and Antonio Amelio, Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy \u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent recovery, recycling, and incineration\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson,C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2019-03-18T15:00:01-04:00","created_at":"2019-03-18T14:55:10-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["book","degradation","detection","environment","health","lymphohematopoietic study","pharmaceutical","recycling","regulations","solvents","tesing","toxic effects"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":20181988212829,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents - 3rd Edition, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-65-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-41-3.jpg?v=1552935531"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-41-3.jpg?v=1552935531","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":1423181709405,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-41-3.jpg?v=1552935531"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-41-3.jpg?v=1552935531","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-41-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: March 2019\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 930+xii\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 240\u003cbr\u003eTables: 260\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. This followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe third edition contains the most recent findings and trends in the solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 1 Properties; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up to date information ever published on solvents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on the available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14 contains information on the methods of analysis of solvents and materials containing solvents. The chapter is divided into two sections containing standard and special methods of solvent analysis. This chapter is followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in chapter 16. The chapter also contains discussion of solvents impact on tropospheric air pollution.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe next two chapters are devoted to toxicology of solvents and regulations aiming to keep solvents toxicity under control. The analysis of concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries, specific issues related to paint industry, and characteristics of environment in automotive collision repair shops are followed by the thorough discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolvent toxicology chapters were written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effects of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations which should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters show some examples of solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and agriculture-based products, such as ethyl lactate. Discussion of solvent recycling, removal, and degradation includes absorptive solvent recovery, comparison of results of recovery and incineration, and application of solar photocatalytic oxidation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive two volume book has no equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today Also, Solvent database on CD-ROM is available which contains data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvent efficiently and safely.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.20.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.20.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Bart Desmedt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental chemistry of organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 The environmental chemistry of ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Solvent levels in the vehicle collision repair industry\u003cbr\u003eSamuel Keer, Centre for Public Health Research, Wellington, New Zealand\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Solvent exposure in pregnancy\u003cbr\u003eSC Mitchell, Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK and RH Waring\u003cbr\u003eSchool of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Nephrotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers exposed to benzene including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Genotoxicity of benzene\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Hepatotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.8 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney and Johan Jacquemin, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Novel applications of the bio-based solvent ethyl lactate in chemical technology\u003cbr\u003eDavid Villanueva-Bermejo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, \u003cbr\u003eUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Tiziana Fornari, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Recovery versus incineration\u003cbr\u003eDanilo Alexander Figueroa Paredes and José Espinosa. INGAR, Avellaneda, Argentina and Antonio Amelio, Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy \u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent recovery, recycling, and incineration\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson,C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1-77467-042-2Publication date: Jan 2024Number of pages: 808+xFigures: 179Tables: 191 Summary The fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 1 Properties; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents....
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{"id":8814032060573,"title":"Handbook of Solvents - 4th Ed, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","handle":"handbook-of-solvents-4th-ed-volume-2-use-health-and-environment-copy","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-042-2\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: Jan 2024\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 808+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 179\u003cbr\u003eTables: 191\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 1 Properties; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. Handbook of Solvents is the definitive reference for professionals from the research, development, and regulatory sectors in the chemical industry. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe volume begins with a discussion of solvents used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on the available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 14 contains information on the methods of analysis of solvents and materials containing solvents. The chapter is divided into two sections containing standard and special methods of solvent analysis. This chapter is followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in the final products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil, and air, fate-based management of solvent-containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in chapter 16. The chapter also contains a discussion of solvents’ impact on tropospheric air pollution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe next two chapters are devoted to the toxicology of solvents and regulations aiming to keep solvents toxicity under control. The analysis of the concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries, specific issues related to the paint industry, and characteristics of the environment in automotive collision repair shops are followed by a thorough discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolvent toxicology chapters were written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effects of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, the persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations that should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following chapters show some examples of solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and agriculture-based products, such as ethyl lactate. Discussion of solvent recycling, removal, and degradation includes absorptive solvent recovery, comparison of results of recovery and incineration, and application of solar photocatalytic oxidation. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is concluded with an evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive two-volume book has not equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today. Also, the Solvent database on CD-ROM is available which contains data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvents efficiently and safely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Solvents is an indispensable tool for anyone who needs to know about the health, safety, and environmental issues of a wide range of industrial solvents. While preserving the popular features that have made this book so successful in prior editions, it also draws from a wealth of new information and data on solvents and their uses. This new fourth edition is completely revised and updated with respect to earlier editions, as well as with current standards, codes, and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.20.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.20.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Bart Desmedt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental chemistry of organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 The environmental chemistry of ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Solvent levels in the vehicle collision repair industry\u003cbr\u003eSamuel Keer, Centre for Public Health Research, Wellington, New Zealand\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Solvent exposure in pregnancy\u003cbr\u003eSC Mitchell, Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK and RH Waring\u003cbr\u003eSchool of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Nephrotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers exposed to benzene including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Genotoxicity of benzene\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Hepatotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.8 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney and Johan Jacquemin, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Novel applications of the bio-based solvent ethyl lactate in chemical technology\u003cbr\u003eDavid Villanueva-Bermejo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, \u003cbr\u003eUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Tiziana Fornari, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Recovery versus incineration\u003cbr\u003eDanilo Alexander Figueroa Paredes and José Espinosa. INGAR, Avellaneda, Argentina and Antonio Amelio, Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy \u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent recovery, recycling, and incineration\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson,C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2026-01-10T12:21:05-05:00","created_at":"2026-01-07T13:53:46-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2024","book","degradation","detection","environment","health","lymphohematopoietic study","pharmaceutical","recycling","regulations","solvents","tesing","toxic effects"],"price":40000,"price_min":40000,"price_max":40000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":47535592243357,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":null,"requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents - 4th Ed, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":40000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-77467-042-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670422.png?v=1768065654"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670422.png?v=1768065654","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":32610455650461,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.696,"height":450,"width":313,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670422.png?v=1768065654"},"aspect_ratio":0.696,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670422.png?v=1768065654","width":313}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-042-2\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublication date: Jan 2024\u003cbr\u003eNumber of pages: 808+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 179\u003cbr\u003eTables: 191\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent application. This volume together with Vol. 1 Properties; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. Handbook of Solvents is the definitive reference for professionals from the research, development, and regulatory sectors in the chemical industry. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe volume begins with a discussion of solvents used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on the available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 14 contains information on the methods of analysis of solvents and materials containing solvents. The chapter is divided into two sections containing standard and special methods of solvent analysis. This chapter is followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in the final products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil, and air, fate-based management of solvent-containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in chapter 16. The chapter also contains a discussion of solvents’ impact on tropospheric air pollution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe next two chapters are devoted to the toxicology of solvents and regulations aiming to keep solvents toxicity under control. The analysis of the concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries, specific issues related to the paint industry, and characteristics of the environment in automotive collision repair shops are followed by a thorough discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolvent toxicology chapters were written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effects of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, the persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations that should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following chapters show some examples of solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and agriculture-based products, such as ethyl lactate. Discussion of solvent recycling, removal, and degradation includes absorptive solvent recovery, comparison of results of recovery and incineration, and application of solar photocatalytic oxidation. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe book is concluded with an evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive two-volume book has not equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today. Also, the Solvent database on CD-ROM is available which contains data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvents efficiently and safely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Solvents is an indispensable tool for anyone who needs to know about the health, safety, and environmental issues of a wide range of industrial solvents. While preserving the popular features that have made this book so successful in prior editions, it also draws from a wealth of new information and data on solvents and their uses. This new fourth edition is completely revised and updated with respect to earlier editions, as well as with current standards, codes, and regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.20.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.20.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Bart Desmedt\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental chemistry of organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 The environmental chemistry of ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Solvent levels in the vehicle collision repair industry\u003cbr\u003eSamuel Keer, Centre for Public Health Research, Wellington, New Zealand\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Solvent exposure in pregnancy\u003cbr\u003eSC Mitchell, Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK and RH Waring\u003cbr\u003eSchool of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Nephrotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers exposed to benzene including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Genotoxicity of benzene\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Hepatotoxicity of industrial solvents\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.8 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney and Johan Jacquemin, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Novel applications of the bio-based solvent ethyl lactate in chemical technology\u003cbr\u003eDavid Villanueva-Bermejo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, \u003cbr\u003eUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Tiziana Fornari, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Recovery versus incineration\u003cbr\u003eDanilo Alexander Figueroa Paredes and José Espinosa. INGAR, Avellaneda, Argentina and Antonio Amelio, Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy \u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent recovery, recycling, and incineration\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson,C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1-77467-040-8Published: Jan 2024Pages 986+xFigures: 345Tables: 114 Summary The fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent applications. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health & Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. ...
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{"id":8814031143069,"title":"Handbook of Solvents - 4th Edition, Volume 1, Properties","handle":"handbook-of-solvents-4th-edition-volume-1-properties","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-040-8\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan 2024\u003cbr\u003ePages 986+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 345\u003cbr\u003eTables: 114\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent applications. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health \u0026amp; Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Solvents, Volume 1: Properties is a comprehensive survey of the science of solvents and their properties. It covers all aspects of solvent behavior that are relevant to their use in chemical and related industries including agricultural and technical processes, inorganic synthesis and materials chemistry, and many more. The book is divided into two volumes, this first volume covers high-level information on the physical\/chemical properties of the most relevant solvent systems\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific aspect of solvent properties that determine its selection, such as the effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents, and the summary of their applications' effect on health and the environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of the interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, the effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, the effect of solvents on the rheology of the solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leave specific data on individual solvents to the databooks containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis thoroughly revised 4th edition — the most updated yet — provides readers with a complete overview of all the organic solvents available for industrial applications today. The book contains numerous references to key sources of more detailed information. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Solvation dynamics: theory and experiments\u003cbr\u003eYogita Silori and Arijit K. De, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Knowledge City, India\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Tatyana Rebrova and Alexander Rebrov, Institute for Scintillation Materials, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski, Boguslaw Pilarski, Augustin Asuero, Anna Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland and University of Seville Seville, Spain\u003cbr\u003e10 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant\u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eMalgorzata Wielgus and Wojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e11 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12 EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfganG Linert, Markus Holzweber, and Roland Schmid, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2026-01-14T16:35:43-05:00","created_at":"2026-01-07T13:45:13-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2024","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","book","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","p-additives","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":40000,"price_min":40000,"price_max":40000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":47535590408349,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":null,"requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents - 4th Edition, Volume 1, Properties","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":40000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-77467-040-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670408.png?v=1768426538"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670408.png?v=1768426538","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":32623566586013,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.716,"height":450,"width":322,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670408.png?v=1768426538"},"aspect_ratio":0.716,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670408.png?v=1768426538","width":322}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-040-8\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan 2024\u003cbr\u003ePages 986+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 345\u003cbr\u003eTables: 114\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fourth edition contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent applications. This volume together with Vol. 2 Use, Health \u0026amp; Environment, Databook of Green Solvents, and Databook of Solvents contains the most comprehensive, and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHandbook of Solvents, Volume 1: Properties is a comprehensive survey of the science of solvents and their properties. It covers all aspects of solvent behavior that are relevant to their use in chemical and related industries including agricultural and technical processes, inorganic synthesis and materials chemistry, and many more. The book is divided into two volumes, this first volume covers high-level information on the physical\/chemical properties of the most relevant solvent systems\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific aspect of solvent properties that determine its selection, such as the effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents, and the summary of their applications' effect on health and the environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of the interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, the effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, the effect of solvents on the rheology of the solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leave specific data on individual solvents to the databooks containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis thoroughly revised 4th edition — the most updated yet — provides readers with a complete overview of all the organic solvents available for industrial applications today. The book contains numerous references to key sources of more detailed information. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Solvation dynamics: theory and experiments\u003cbr\u003eYogita Silori and Arijit K. De, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Knowledge City, India\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Tatyana Rebrova and Alexander Rebrov, Institute for Scintillation Materials, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski, Boguslaw Pilarski, Augustin Asuero, Anna Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk, Technical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland and University of Seville Seville, Spain\u003cbr\u003e10 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant\u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eMalgorzata Wielgus and Wojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e11 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12 EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfganG Linert, Markus Holzweber, and Roland Schmid, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1895198-64-5 Published: 2014Pages 900 Summary Each chapter in this volume is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated...
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{"id":11242240516,"title":"Handbook of Solvents, Volume 1, Properties","handle":"978-1895198-64-5","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-64-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2014\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages 900\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. For more information see TOC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data on individual solvents to the databook containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations\u003cbr\u003eAbraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski and Augustin Asuero\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eWojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvent effect on surfactant self-assembly\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 EFFECT OF SOLVENT ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfgang Linert, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Use of breath monitoring to assess exposures to volatile organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, Hazardous Materials Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 A simple test to determine toxicity using bacteria\u003cbr\u003eJames L. Botsford, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:44-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:44-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2014","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","book","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","p-additives","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378433924,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents, Volume 1, Properties","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1895198-64-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-64-5.jpg?v=1499472259"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-64-5.jpg?v=1499472259","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356342956125,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-64-5.jpg?v=1499472259"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1895198-64-5.jpg?v=1499472259","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1895198-64-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2014\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages 900\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nEach chapter in this volume is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. For more information see TOC.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this volume is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data on individual solvents to the databook containing information on presently used solvents or its database format on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems\u003cbr\u003eEstanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and Inaki Tunon, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents\u003cbr\u003eKoichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification\u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Philipps-Universitaet, Marburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations\u003cbr\u003eAbraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions\u003cbr\u003eChristian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter\u003cbr\u003eNobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eE. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Effect of strain on swelling of nanostructured elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Effect of thermodynamic parameters of polymer-solvent system on the swelling kinetics of crosslinked elastomers\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Diffusion, swelling, and drying\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions \u003cbr\u003eSemyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 MIXED SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e8.1 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems\u003cbr\u003eKenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Mixed solvents\u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS\u003cbr\u003e9.1 General concept of acid-base interactions\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales\u003cbr\u003eJavier Catalan, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts)\u003cbr\u003eVictor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Acid\/base properties of solvents mixtures\u003cbr\u003eTadeusz Michalowski and Augustin Asuero\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Solvatochromic behavior\u003cbr\u003eWojciech Bartkowiak, Wroclaw Technical University, Poland\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Solvent effect on surfactant self-assembly\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 EFFECT OF SOLVENT ON CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND REACTIVITY\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Solvent effects on chemical reactivity\u003cbr\u003eWolfgang Linert, Technical University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Solvent effects on free radical polymerization\u003cbr\u003eMichelle L. Coote and Thomas P. Davis, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical, Engineering \u0026amp; Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Use of breath monitoring to assess exposures to volatile organic solvents\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, Hazardous Materials Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 A simple test to determine toxicity using bacteria\u003cbr\u003eJames L. Botsford, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"}
Description Author: George Wypych, Editor ISBN 978-1-895198-65-2 Published: 2014Number of pages: 978 Summary The volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems...
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{"id":11242243268,"title":"Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","handle":"978-1-895198-65-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-65-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2014\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eNumber of pages: 978\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. This followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in a separate chapter. This is followed by the analysis of the concentration of solvents in more than 15 and discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolvent toxicology chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations which should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters show possibilities in solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and agriculture-based products. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with an evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils, selection of gloves, Handbook of Silicon Based MEMS Materials and Technologies, and respirators, and new trends in solvent technology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive two-volume book has no equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today. It contains the most recent finds and additional source data in a separate printed and digital publications, such as\u003cbr\u003eSolvent databook\u003cbr\u003eSolvent database on CD-ROM\u003cbr\u003eThese two publications contain data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvent efficiently and safely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are a few chemical companies, universities, research centers, which can conduct their activities without consulting this book.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Electronic industry - CFC-free alternatives for cleaning in electronic industry\u003cbr\u003eMartin Hanek, Norbert Loew, Dr. O. K. Wack Chemie, Ingolstadt, Germany; Andreas Muehlbauer, Zestron Corporation, Ashburn, VA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Simple test to determine toxicity of bacteria\u003cbr\u003eJames L. Botsford, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Jaques O. De Beer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental fate and movement of organic solvents in water, soil, and air\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Fate-based management of organic solvent-containing wastes\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Indoor air pollution by solvents contained in paints and varnishes\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botznhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Gerhard Volland, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.4 Solvent uses with exposure risks\u003cbr\u003ePentti Kalliokoski, Kai Savolainen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in the US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Pregnancy outcome following maternal organic solvent exposure\u003cbr\u003eGideon Koren, The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Industrial solvents and kidney disease\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic study of workers exposed to benzene including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and chronic lymphatic leukemia\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Hepatotoxicity\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung, and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney, K.R. Seddon, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Ethyl lactate: a biorenewable agrochemical solvent for food technology\u003cbr\u003eTiziana Fornari, David Villaneuva Bermejo, Guillermo Reglero, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eIsao Kimura, Kanken Techno Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan\u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent treatment in a paints and coating plant\u003cbr\u003eDenis Kargol, OFRU Recycling GmbH \u0026amp; Co. KG, Babenhausen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson, C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23 PROTECTION\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e22.1 Gloves\u003cbr\u003e22.2 Suit materials\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Respiratory protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24 NEW TRENDS BASED ON PATENT LITERATURE\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:53-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:53-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2014","book","degradation","detection","environment","health","lymphohematopoietic study","pharmaceutical","recycling","regulations","solvents","tesing","toxic effects"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378444612,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2, Use, Health, and Environment","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-65-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-65-2.jpg?v=1499887258"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-65-2.jpg?v=1499887258","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356342988893,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-65-2.jpg?v=1499887258"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-65-2.jpg?v=1499887258","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych, Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-65-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2014\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eNumber of pages: 978\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe volume begins with a discussion of solvent used in over 30 industries, which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. This followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in final products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed in a separate chapter. This is followed by the analysis of the concentration of solvents in more than 15 and discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolvent toxicology chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure, and effects of solvents on various parts of the human organism. This is a unique collection of observations which should be frequently consulted by solvent users and agencies which are responsible for the protection of people in the industrial environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters show possibilities in solvent substitution by safer materials. Here the emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and agriculture-based products. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with an evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils, selection of gloves, Handbook of Silicon Based MEMS Materials and Technologies, and respirators, and new trends in solvent technology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis comprehensive two-volume book has no equal in depth and breadth to any other publication available today. It contains the most recent finds and additional source data in a separate printed and digital publications, such as\u003cbr\u003eSolvent databook\u003cbr\u003eSolvent database on CD-ROM\u003cbr\u003eThese two publications contain data on close to 2000 solvents. The data organized in sections such as General, Physical \u0026amp; Chemical Properties, Health \u0026amp; Safety, Environmental, and Use, contain all available and required data to use solvent efficiently and safely.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are a few chemical companies, universities, research centers, which can conduct their activities without consulting this book.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n13 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Asphalt compounding\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Biotechnology\u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes\u003cbr\u003eMichiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent\u003cbr\u003eTsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Coil coating\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Cosmetics and personal care products\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents\u003cbr\u003eKaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler \u0026amp; Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Electronic industry - CFC-free alternatives for cleaning in electronic industry\u003cbr\u003eMartin Hanek, Norbert Loew, Dr. O. K. Wack Chemie, Ingolstadt, Germany; Andreas Muehlbauer, Zestron Corporation, Ashburn, VA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Fabricated metal products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils\u003cbr\u003ePhillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.11 Ground transportation\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.12 Inorganic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Iron and steel industry\u003cbr\u003e13.14 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.15 Medical applications\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.16 Metal casting\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Motor vehicle assembly\u003cbr\u003e13.18 Organic chemical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.19 Paints and coatings\u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany\u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings\u003cbr\u003eDavid Randall, Chemoxy International pcl, Cleveland, United Kingdom\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Petroleum refining industry\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.21 Pharmaceutical industry\u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)\u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France\u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications\u003cbr\u003eAn Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.22 Polymers and man-made fibers\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.23 Printing industry\u003cbr\u003e13.24 Pulp and paper\u003cbr\u003e13.25 Rubber and Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.26 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry\u003cbr\u003eMohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e13.27 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Textile industry\u003cbr\u003e13.29 Transportation equipment cleaning\u003cbr\u003e13.30 Water transportation\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Wood furniture\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Special methods of solvent analysis\u003cbr\u003eMyrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Simple test to determine toxicity of bacteria\u003cbr\u003eJames L. Botsford, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Residual solvents in various products\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e15.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products\u003cbr\u003eEric Deconinck and Jaques O. De Beer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS\u003cbr\u003e16.1 The environmental fate and movement of organic solvents in water, soil, and air\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Fate-based management of organic solvent-containing wastes\u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL, USA\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution\u003cbr\u003eMichelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor\u003cbr\u003eMargot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints\u003cbr\u003eKrzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Indoor air pollution by solvents contained in paints and varnishes\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botznhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Gerhard Volland, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e17.4 Solvent uses with exposure risks\u003cbr\u003ePentti Kalliokoski, Kai Savolainen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 REGULATIONS\u003cbr\u003e18 Regulations in the US and other countries\u003cbr\u003eCarlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Regulations in Europe\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology\u003cbr\u003eTilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Pregnancy outcome following maternal organic solvent exposure\u003cbr\u003eGideon Koren, The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Industrial solvents and kidney disease\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Lymphohematopoietic study of workers exposed to benzene including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and chronic lymphatic leukemia\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Hepatotoxicity\u003cbr\u003eNachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung, and heart\u003cbr\u003eKaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Supercritical solvents\u003cbr\u003eAydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA\u003cbr\u003e20.2 Ionic liquids\u003cbr\u003eD.W. Rooney, K.R. Seddon, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media\u003cbr\u003eJoaquin Garcia-Alvarez\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Ethyl lactate: a biorenewable agrochemical solvent for food technology\u003cbr\u003eTiziana Fornari, David Villaneuva Bermejo, Guillermo Reglero, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e21 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Absorptive solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eKlaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Solvent recovery\u003cbr\u003eIsao Kimura, Kanken Techno Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan\u003cbr\u003e21.3 Solvent treatment in a paints and coating plant\u003cbr\u003eDenis Kargol, OFRU Recycling GmbH \u0026amp; Co. KG, Babenhausen, Germany\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams\u003cbr\u003eK. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson, C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e22 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER\u003cbr\u003eHanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA\u003cbr\u003eMoffett Field, CA\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e23 PROTECTION\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e22.1 Gloves\u003cbr\u003e22.2 Suit materials\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Respiratory protection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24 NEW TRENDS BASED ON PATENT LITERATURE\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Description Author: George Wypych ISBN 978-1-895198-86-7 Published: 2015Pages: 420 Figures 101 Tables 256 Summary This book, the first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization ever published in the English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV related phenomena occurring when polymeric materials are exposed to UV radiation.In the introduction, the...
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{"id":11242220420,"title":"Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-86-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-86-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2015\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 420\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFigures 101\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables 256\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book, the first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization ever published in the English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV related phenomena occurring when polymeric materials are exposed to UV radiation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the introduction, the existing literature has been reviewed to find out how plants, animals, and humans protect themselves against UV radiation. This review permits evaluation of mechanisms of protection against UV used by living things and potential application of these mechanisms in the protection of natural and synthetic polymeric materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhotophysics, discussed in the second chapter, helps to build an understanding of physical phenomena occurring in materials when they are exposed to UV radiation. Potentially useful stabilization methods become obvious from the analysis of photophysics of the process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese effects are combined with photochemical properties of stabilizers and their mechanisms of stabilization, which is the subject of Chapter 3.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 contains information on available UV stabilizers. It contains a set of data prepared according to a systematic outline as listed in the Table of Contents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStability of UV stabilizers, important for predicting the lifetime of their protection is discussed in Chapter 5. Different reasons of instability are pointed out in the evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrinciples of stabilizer selection are given in Chapter 6. Ten areas of influence of stabilizer properties and expectations from the final products were selected for discussion in this chapter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 7 and 8 give specific information on degradation and stabilization of different polymers \u0026amp; rubbers and final products manufactured from them, respectively. Over 50 polymers and rubbers are discussed in different sections of Chapter 7 and 38 groups of final products, which use the majority of UV stabilizers are discussed in Chapter 8. In addition, more focused information is provided in Chapter 9 for sunscreens. This is an example of new developments in technology. The subjects discussed in each individual case of polymer or group of products are given in Table of Contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpecific effects of UV stabilizers which may affect formulation because of interaction between UV stabilizers and other components of formulations are discussed in Chapter 10. Analytical methods, which are most frequently used in UV stabilization, are discussed in Chapter 11 to show their potential for further understanding of UV degradation and stabilization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with the effect of UV stabilizers on the health and safety of workers involved in their processing and commercial use of the products (Chapter 12).\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Photophysics and photochemistry\u003cbr\u003e3. Mechanisms of UV stabilization\u003cbr\u003e4. UV stabilizers (chemical composition, physical-chemical properties, UV absorption, forms, applications – polymers and final products, concentrations used)\u003cbr\u003e5. Stability of UV stabilizers\u003cbr\u003e6. Principles of stabilizer selection\u003cbr\u003e7. UV degradation and stabilization of polymers and rubbers (description according to the following outline: mechanisms and results of degradation, mechanisms and results of stabilization, and data on activation wavelength (spectral sensitivity), products of degradation, typical results of photodegradation, most important stabilizers, concentration of stabilizers in formulation, and examples of lifetime of typical polymeric materials)\u003cbr\u003e8. UV degradation and stabilization of industrial products (description according to the following outline: requirements, lifetime expectations, important changes and mechanisms, stabilization methods)\u003cbr\u003e9 Focus on technology - Sunscreen \u003cbr\u003e10 UV stabilizers and other components of formulation \u003cbr\u003e11 Analytical methods in UV degradation and stabilization studies\u003cbr\u003e12 UV stabilizers – health, safety, and environment\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 16 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary, Handbook of Biodegradation, Biodeterioration , and Biostabilization, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:43-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:43-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2015","book","environment","health and safety","mechanisms of UV degradation","mechanisms of UV stabilization","p-properties","photophysics and photochemistry","polymer","PVC degradation","sunscreen","sustainability of polymers materials","uv degradation","UV stabilizers","UV stabilizers health and safety"],"price":27500,"price_min":27500,"price_max":27500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378371972,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-86-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-86-7.jpg?v=1499887422"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-86-7.jpg?v=1499887422","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356343447645,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-86-7.jpg?v=1499887422"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-86-7.jpg?v=1499887422","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-86-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2015\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 420\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFigures 101\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables 256\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book, the first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization ever published in the English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV related phenomena occurring when polymeric materials are exposed to UV radiation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the introduction, the existing literature has been reviewed to find out how plants, animals, and humans protect themselves against UV radiation. This review permits evaluation of mechanisms of protection against UV used by living things and potential application of these mechanisms in the protection of natural and synthetic polymeric materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePhotophysics, discussed in the second chapter, helps to build an understanding of physical phenomena occurring in materials when they are exposed to UV radiation. Potentially useful stabilization methods become obvious from the analysis of photophysics of the process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese effects are combined with photochemical properties of stabilizers and their mechanisms of stabilization, which is the subject of Chapter 3.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 contains information on available UV stabilizers. It contains a set of data prepared according to a systematic outline as listed in the Table of Contents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStability of UV stabilizers, important for predicting the lifetime of their protection is discussed in Chapter 5. Different reasons of instability are pointed out in the evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePrinciples of stabilizer selection are given in Chapter 6. Ten areas of influence of stabilizer properties and expectations from the final products were selected for discussion in this chapter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 7 and 8 give specific information on degradation and stabilization of different polymers \u0026amp; rubbers and final products manufactured from them, respectively. Over 50 polymers and rubbers are discussed in different sections of Chapter 7 and 38 groups of final products, which use the majority of UV stabilizers are discussed in Chapter 8. In addition, more focused information is provided in Chapter 9 for sunscreens. This is an example of new developments in technology. The subjects discussed in each individual case of polymer or group of products are given in Table of Contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpecific effects of UV stabilizers which may affect formulation because of interaction between UV stabilizers and other components of formulations are discussed in Chapter 10. Analytical methods, which are most frequently used in UV stabilization, are discussed in Chapter 11 to show their potential for further understanding of UV degradation and stabilization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is concluded with the effect of UV stabilizers on the health and safety of workers involved in their processing and commercial use of the products (Chapter 12).\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2. Photophysics and photochemistry\u003cbr\u003e3. Mechanisms of UV stabilization\u003cbr\u003e4. UV stabilizers (chemical composition, physical-chemical properties, UV absorption, forms, applications – polymers and final products, concentrations used)\u003cbr\u003e5. Stability of UV stabilizers\u003cbr\u003e6. Principles of stabilizer selection\u003cbr\u003e7. UV degradation and stabilization of polymers and rubbers (description according to the following outline: mechanisms and results of degradation, mechanisms and results of stabilization, and data on activation wavelength (spectral sensitivity), products of degradation, typical results of photodegradation, most important stabilizers, concentration of stabilizers in formulation, and examples of lifetime of typical polymeric materials)\u003cbr\u003e8. UV degradation and stabilization of industrial products (description according to the following outline: requirements, lifetime expectations, important changes and mechanisms, stabilization methods)\u003cbr\u003e9 Focus on technology - Sunscreen \u003cbr\u003e10 UV stabilizers and other components of formulation \u003cbr\u003e11 Analytical methods in UV degradation and stabilization studies\u003cbr\u003e12 UV stabilizers – health, safety, and environment\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 16 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary, Handbook of Biodegradation, Biodeterioration , and Biostabilization, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Description Author: Prof. Dr. Behnam Pourdeyhimi ISBN 1-884207-81-2 308 pages, 224 figures, 36 tables Summary This book is of interest for all functions in research, development, new product implementation, production, product engineering in industries which process polymers and plastics. Those who already made use of image analysis in their practice will find useful hints on how...
$215.00
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{"id":11242232132,"title":"Imaging and Image Analysis Applications for Plastics","handle":"1-884207-81-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Prof. Dr. Behnam Pourdeyhimi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-884207-81-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e308 pages, 224 figures, 36 tables\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book is of interest for all functions in research, development, new product implementation, production, product engineering in industries which process polymers and plastics. Those who already made use of image analysis in their practice will find useful hints on how to improve and better utilize their methods. Others who did not use these methods so far will find that these inexpensive techniques can provide answers to many important technical problems which are not resolved because just a few years ago these methods were not available or too expensive to apply. Only several years ago, these observations were either not quantified at all or various graphical standards were used for comparison to develop a point scale to assign observed images. This was not precise and confusing. The advent of high-speed digital cameras working with image processing software is changing this situation. The list of some topics included in the book shows the wealth of opportunities. This book presents results of studies in which imaging and image analyses were used to quantify many important determinants of production technology and product performance such as flow and mixing behavior, optimization of equipment configuration and material homogenization, morphology of plastics, size of polymers domains in blends, compatibilization methods and conditions, effects of grafting, reasons for surface roughness, scratch and mar resistance, fiber orientation, improved barrier properties, improved magnetic permeability, improved mechanical properties, distribution of voids in laminates, determination of cell sizes in cellular plastics, formation of crazes during fatigue, fiber radius determination during spinning, blister formation and adhesion, effects of glass fiber orientation on weld strength, analysis of welding process, dispersion of agglomerates formed by additives and the effect of mixing and transport conditions, formation of gels and impurities, particles structure and distribution, rate of crystallization, and many others. Having numerical data it is possible to optimize the processes to increase output, decrease a reject rate, save materials, and improve product properties.\u003cbr\u003eConsidering that every product must appeal to a customer and perform under conditions of its use, these studies are the most important for optimizing numerous conflicting properties. For example in one research, product performance is combined with high output rate and requirement of low weight. The potential applications of image analysis allow following these interrelations to optimize a product which is why research and production are eager to apply this emerging technology. The number of research reports on this subject is systematically growing. The methods of observation, such as various forms of microscopy, tracers, and lasers, are simple and in most cases available in most facilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book contains references to various applications already in use, methods of image capture, data processing, hardware and software required. The examples of processes discussed include: extrusion, extruding reactors, injection molding, impregnation, foam production, film manufacture, compression molding, vulcanization, melt spinning, reactive blending, welding, blow molding, conveying, composite manufacture, compounding, and thermosetting. The examples of studies and improvements include: increased homogeneity of dye, pigment and filler mixing, improved fiber orientation, increased tooth stiffness in composite gears, the rate of spherulites growth, optimization of screw configuration, increased miscibility in polymer blends, study of polymer crystallization rate, melt flow analysis, void content, particle size in polymer blends, pore size and shape in foams, cell density in foams, modifier dispersion, improvement of bidirectional properties, effect of low molecular additives on morphology, interparticle distance, effect of mixing conditions and geometry on morphology, crack formation during fatigue testing, mechanism of crazing, chemical resistance, oil penetration, kinetic measurement of fiber diameter, stress profile, quantified flow visualization, effect of compatibilization, domain distribution, correlation of morphology with mechanical performance, analysis of melt fracture aids, surface roughness, droplet\/fiber transition, barrier properties, effect of orientation on electric conductivity, peel adhesion, fiber length after processing, fractal dimension, nucleation, thermography, thermal imaging, failure analysis, agglomerate dispersion, and impurity monitoring. The large variety of processing methods, possible studies and improvements show that this book is of interest to the entire cross-section of plastic manufacturing industry. It offers data which not only allow to better understand materials and processing methods but the book helps in process optimization and development of processes having higher throughput and superior performance.\u003cbr\u003eThis book is about the design and processing of various materials rather than algorithms and design of image analysis equipment. But by showing actual research and data in a form familiar to any technologist in the plastics industry, it demonstrates benefits and capabilities of the methods.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• The Optimized Performance of Linear Vibration Welded Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 Butt Joints\u003cbr\u003e• Image Analysis of Polypropylene Melt Fiber Stretching\u003cbr\u003e• The Effect of Fiber Orientation on Distribution on the Tooth Stiffness of a Polymer Composite Gear\u003cbr\u003e• Novel Processing and Performance of Aligned Discontinuous Fiber Polymer Composites\u003cbr\u003e• Characterization of Kneading Block Performance on Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders\u003cbr\u003e• A Quantitative Description of the Effects of Molecular Weight and Atactic Level on the Spherulite Growth Rate of Ziegler-Natta Isotactic Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e• Miscibility and Co-Continuous Morphology of Polypropylene-Polyethylene Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Flow Visualization for Extensional Viscosity Assessment\u003cbr\u003e• PP\/LLDPE\/EDPM Blends: Effect of Elastomer Viscosity on Impact\u003cbr\u003e• Mixing of a Low Molecular Weight Additive in a Co-Rotating TSE: Morphological Analysis of a HDPE\/PDMS Systems\u003cbr\u003e• The in situ Compatibilization of HDPE\/PET Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of Process Aids for Controlling Surface Roughness of Extruded LLDPE\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of Scratch and Mar Resistance in Automotive Coatings: Nanoscratching by Atomic Force Microscope\u003cbr\u003e• Study of the Morphology and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Biaxially Oriented PET\/PP Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Improved Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Laminar Polymer Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Relative Magnetic Permeability of Injection Molded Composites as Affected by the Flow Induced Orientation of Ferromagnetic Particles\u003cbr\u003e• Processing-Structure-Property Relations in PS\/PE Blends: Compression versus Injection Molding\u003cbr\u003e• Polyetherimide Epoxy-Based Prepreg Systems with Variable Temperature Cure Capability\u003cbr\u003e• CO 2 Blown PETG Foams\u003cbr\u003e• Tear Strength Enhancement Mechanisms in TPO Films\u003cbr\u003e• Morphological Study of Fatigue Induced Damage in Semicrystalline Polymers\u003cbr\u003e• The Effect of Several Kinds of Oils on the Oil Resistance Behavior of Polystyrenic Thermoplastic Vulcanizate\u003cbr\u003e• Visualization of Polymer Melt Convergent Flows in Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of the Constrained Blister Test for Measurement of an Intrinsic Adhesion\u003cbr\u003e• Fractal Analysis and Radiographic Inspection of Microwave Welded HDPE Bars\u003cbr\u003e• Application of Thermography for the Optimization of the Blow Molding Process\u003cbr\u003e• The Use of Video and the Development of Solids Conveying Theory\u003cbr\u003e• Microcellular PET Foams Produced by the Solid State Process\u003cbr\u003e• Thermal Wave Imaging of Propagating Cracks in Polypropylene and a Thermoplastic Olefin\u003cbr\u003e• The Division of Agglomerates in Molten Environment of Polymers: A Physical Model for Mathematical Description\u003cbr\u003e• A New On-Line Technique for Morphology Analysis and Residence Time Measurement in a Twin-Screw Extruder\u003cbr\u003e• Controlled Order Thermosets for Electronic Packaging\u003cbr\u003e• Fatigue Fracture in Polypropylene with Different Spherulitic Sizes\u003cbr\u003e• Brittle-Ductile Transition of PP\/Rubber\/Filler Hybrids\u003cbr\u003e• Index\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:19-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:19-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1999","agglomerates","automotive","blister test","book","coatings","composite gears","cracks","crystallization rate","environment","fatigue","fibers","foams","imaging","increased miscibility polymer blends","LLDPE","magnetic permeability","Mar resistance","melt flow analysis","morphology","optimization screw configuration","p-testing","particle size","PET\/PP","polymer","polymer blends","PS\/PE","rate spherulites growth","scratch","semicrystalline","tear strength","tensile"],"price":21500,"price_min":21500,"price_max":21500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378412420,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Imaging and Image Analysis Applications for Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":21500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"1-884207-81-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-81-2.jpg?v=1499725805"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-81-2.jpg?v=1499725805","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356441260125,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-81-2.jpg?v=1499725805"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-81-2.jpg?v=1499725805","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Prof. Dr. Behnam Pourdeyhimi \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-884207-81-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e308 pages, 224 figures, 36 tables\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book is of interest for all functions in research, development, new product implementation, production, product engineering in industries which process polymers and plastics. Those who already made use of image analysis in their practice will find useful hints on how to improve and better utilize their methods. Others who did not use these methods so far will find that these inexpensive techniques can provide answers to many important technical problems which are not resolved because just a few years ago these methods were not available or too expensive to apply. Only several years ago, these observations were either not quantified at all or various graphical standards were used for comparison to develop a point scale to assign observed images. This was not precise and confusing. The advent of high-speed digital cameras working with image processing software is changing this situation. The list of some topics included in the book shows the wealth of opportunities. This book presents results of studies in which imaging and image analyses were used to quantify many important determinants of production technology and product performance such as flow and mixing behavior, optimization of equipment configuration and material homogenization, morphology of plastics, size of polymers domains in blends, compatibilization methods and conditions, effects of grafting, reasons for surface roughness, scratch and mar resistance, fiber orientation, improved barrier properties, improved magnetic permeability, improved mechanical properties, distribution of voids in laminates, determination of cell sizes in cellular plastics, formation of crazes during fatigue, fiber radius determination during spinning, blister formation and adhesion, effects of glass fiber orientation on weld strength, analysis of welding process, dispersion of agglomerates formed by additives and the effect of mixing and transport conditions, formation of gels and impurities, particles structure and distribution, rate of crystallization, and many others. Having numerical data it is possible to optimize the processes to increase output, decrease a reject rate, save materials, and improve product properties.\u003cbr\u003eConsidering that every product must appeal to a customer and perform under conditions of its use, these studies are the most important for optimizing numerous conflicting properties. For example in one research, product performance is combined with high output rate and requirement of low weight. The potential applications of image analysis allow following these interrelations to optimize a product which is why research and production are eager to apply this emerging technology. The number of research reports on this subject is systematically growing. The methods of observation, such as various forms of microscopy, tracers, and lasers, are simple and in most cases available in most facilities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book contains references to various applications already in use, methods of image capture, data processing, hardware and software required. The examples of processes discussed include: extrusion, extruding reactors, injection molding, impregnation, foam production, film manufacture, compression molding, vulcanization, melt spinning, reactive blending, welding, blow molding, conveying, composite manufacture, compounding, and thermosetting. The examples of studies and improvements include: increased homogeneity of dye, pigment and filler mixing, improved fiber orientation, increased tooth stiffness in composite gears, the rate of spherulites growth, optimization of screw configuration, increased miscibility in polymer blends, study of polymer crystallization rate, melt flow analysis, void content, particle size in polymer blends, pore size and shape in foams, cell density in foams, modifier dispersion, improvement of bidirectional properties, effect of low molecular additives on morphology, interparticle distance, effect of mixing conditions and geometry on morphology, crack formation during fatigue testing, mechanism of crazing, chemical resistance, oil penetration, kinetic measurement of fiber diameter, stress profile, quantified flow visualization, effect of compatibilization, domain distribution, correlation of morphology with mechanical performance, analysis of melt fracture aids, surface roughness, droplet\/fiber transition, barrier properties, effect of orientation on electric conductivity, peel adhesion, fiber length after processing, fractal dimension, nucleation, thermography, thermal imaging, failure analysis, agglomerate dispersion, and impurity monitoring. The large variety of processing methods, possible studies and improvements show that this book is of interest to the entire cross-section of plastic manufacturing industry. It offers data which not only allow to better understand materials and processing methods but the book helps in process optimization and development of processes having higher throughput and superior performance.\u003cbr\u003eThis book is about the design and processing of various materials rather than algorithms and design of image analysis equipment. But by showing actual research and data in a form familiar to any technologist in the plastics industry, it demonstrates benefits and capabilities of the methods.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• The Optimized Performance of Linear Vibration Welded Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 Butt Joints\u003cbr\u003e• Image Analysis of Polypropylene Melt Fiber Stretching\u003cbr\u003e• The Effect of Fiber Orientation on Distribution on the Tooth Stiffness of a Polymer Composite Gear\u003cbr\u003e• Novel Processing and Performance of Aligned Discontinuous Fiber Polymer Composites\u003cbr\u003e• Characterization of Kneading Block Performance on Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders\u003cbr\u003e• A Quantitative Description of the Effects of Molecular Weight and Atactic Level on the Spherulite Growth Rate of Ziegler-Natta Isotactic Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e• Miscibility and Co-Continuous Morphology of Polypropylene-Polyethylene Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Flow Visualization for Extensional Viscosity Assessment\u003cbr\u003e• PP\/LLDPE\/EDPM Blends: Effect of Elastomer Viscosity on Impact\u003cbr\u003e• Mixing of a Low Molecular Weight Additive in a Co-Rotating TSE: Morphological Analysis of a HDPE\/PDMS Systems\u003cbr\u003e• The in situ Compatibilization of HDPE\/PET Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of Process Aids for Controlling Surface Roughness of Extruded LLDPE\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of Scratch and Mar Resistance in Automotive Coatings: Nanoscratching by Atomic Force Microscope\u003cbr\u003e• Study of the Morphology and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Biaxially Oriented PET\/PP Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Improved Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Laminar Polymer Blends\u003cbr\u003e• Relative Magnetic Permeability of Injection Molded Composites as Affected by the Flow Induced Orientation of Ferromagnetic Particles\u003cbr\u003e• Processing-Structure-Property Relations in PS\/PE Blends: Compression versus Injection Molding\u003cbr\u003e• Polyetherimide Epoxy-Based Prepreg Systems with Variable Temperature Cure Capability\u003cbr\u003e• CO 2 Blown PETG Foams\u003cbr\u003e• Tear Strength Enhancement Mechanisms in TPO Films\u003cbr\u003e• Morphological Study of Fatigue Induced Damage in Semicrystalline Polymers\u003cbr\u003e• The Effect of Several Kinds of Oils on the Oil Resistance Behavior of Polystyrenic Thermoplastic Vulcanizate\u003cbr\u003e• Visualization of Polymer Melt Convergent Flows in Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e• Evaluation of the Constrained Blister Test for Measurement of an Intrinsic Adhesion\u003cbr\u003e• Fractal Analysis and Radiographic Inspection of Microwave Welded HDPE Bars\u003cbr\u003e• Application of Thermography for the Optimization of the Blow Molding Process\u003cbr\u003e• The Use of Video and the Development of Solids Conveying Theory\u003cbr\u003e• Microcellular PET Foams Produced by the Solid State Process\u003cbr\u003e• Thermal Wave Imaging of Propagating Cracks in Polypropylene and a Thermoplastic Olefin\u003cbr\u003e• The Division of Agglomerates in Molten Environment of Polymers: A Physical Model for Mathematical Description\u003cbr\u003e• A New On-Line Technique for Morphology Analysis and Residence Time Measurement in a Twin-Screw Extruder\u003cbr\u003e• Controlled Order Thermosets for Electronic Packaging\u003cbr\u003e• Fatigue Fracture in Polypropylene with Different Spherulitic Sizes\u003cbr\u003e• Brittle-Ductile Transition of PP\/Rubber\/Filler Hybrids\u003cbr\u003e• Index\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Description Author: Peng Zhang ISBN 9780815515715 900 pages · 6" x 9" Hardback Summary This handbook gives comprehensive coverage of all kinds of industrial control systems to help engineers and researchers correctly and efficiently implement their projects.AUDIENCEManufacturing sector including automobiles, aircraft, ships, satellites, robots and intelligent controllers such as copiers and printers. Large scale infrastructure systems...
$297.00
in stock
{"id":11242208900,"title":"Industrial Control Technology. A Handbook for Engineers and Researchers","handle":"9780815515715","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Peng Zhang \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9780815515715 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e900 pages · 6\" x 9\" Hardback\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook gives comprehensive coverage of all kinds of industrial control systems to help engineers and researchers correctly and efficiently implement their projects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUDIENCE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eManufacturing sector including automobiles, aircraft, ships, satellites, robots and intelligent controllers such as copiers and printers. Large scale infrastructure systems such as state-wide power grids, traffic control networks, water supply systems and environmental monitoring systems. Processing factories and plants that implement chemical processing, petroleum processing, wastewater and materials processing. Production sectors such as coal wells, iron, and steel foundries; crude oil and natural gas fields. Researchers and postgraduates in academia working in automation, robotics, controllers, computer control, industrial process control, real-time control, distributed control, and embedded control.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis handbook gives comprehensive coverage of all kinds of industrial control systems to help engineers and researchers correctly and efficiently implement their projects. It is an indispensable guide and references for anyone involved in control, automation, computer networks and robotics in industry and academia alike. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhether you are part of the manufacturing sector, large-scale infrastructure systems, or processing technologies, this book is the key to learning and implementing real time and distributed control applications. It covers working at the device and machine level as well as the wider environments of plant and enterprise. It includes information on sensors and actuators; computer hardware; system interfaces; digital controllers that perform programs and protocols; the embedded applications software; data communications in distributed control systems; and the system routines that make control systems more user-friendly and safe to operate. This handbook is a single source reference in an industry with highly disparate information from myriad sources.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBISAC SUBJECT HEADINGS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTEC005050: TECHNOLOGY \/ Construction \/ Heating, Ventilation \u0026amp; Air Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eTEC008030: TECHNOLOGY \/ Electronics \/ Circuits \/ Logic\u003cbr\u003eTEC009060: TECHNOLOGY \/ Engineering \/ Industrial\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e1: Sensors and Actuators for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Sensors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Actuators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Valves\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2: Computer Hardware for Industrial Control \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Microprocessor Unit Chipset\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Programmable Peripheral Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3: System Interfaces for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Actuator-Sensor Interface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Industrial Control System Interface Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Human-Machine Interface in Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) Field Communications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.5 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4: Digital Controllers for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Industrial Intelligent Controllers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Industrial Process Controllers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5: Application Software for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Boot Code for Microprocessor Unit Chipset\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Real-Time Operating System \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Real-Time Application System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6: Data Communications in Distributed Control System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Distributed Industrial Control System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Data Communication Basics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Data Transmission Control Circuits and Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Data Transmission Protocols \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Data Link Protocols\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Data Communication Protocols \u003cbr\u003e6.7 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7: System Routines in Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Overviews\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Power-on and Power-down Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Install and Configure Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Diagnostic Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Simulation Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.6 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeng Zhang\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeijing Normal University, PR of China\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeng Zhang is a Professor of Technical Physics at Beijing Normal University, Peoples Republic of China. After receiving his Ph.D. from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1988, Dr. Zhang has worked for almost 20 years in the United States, United Kingdom, and China with several industrial corporations and research institutions on industrial control technology and engineering numerical computations. He is currently working on the research and development of real-time embedded and concurrently distributed control and monitoring in varying applications including traffic signal control, remote-sensing control, power plant processes, geophysical prospecting, and parallel computing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:04-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:05-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2008","actuators","automation","book","computer networks","control","control systems","digital controllers","environment","general","Interface Devices","robotics","sensors","software for industrial control","valves"],"price":29700,"price_min":29700,"price_max":29700,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378329156,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Industrial Control Technology. A Handbook for Engineers and Researchers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29700,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9780815515715","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780815515715.jpg?v=1499478743"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780815515715.jpg?v=1499478743","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356455317597,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.733,"height":499,"width":366,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780815515715.jpg?v=1499478743"},"aspect_ratio":0.733,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780815515715.jpg?v=1499478743","width":366}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Peng Zhang \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9780815515715 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e900 pages · 6\" x 9\" Hardback\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook gives comprehensive coverage of all kinds of industrial control systems to help engineers and researchers correctly and efficiently implement their projects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUDIENCE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eManufacturing sector including automobiles, aircraft, ships, satellites, robots and intelligent controllers such as copiers and printers. Large scale infrastructure systems such as state-wide power grids, traffic control networks, water supply systems and environmental monitoring systems. Processing factories and plants that implement chemical processing, petroleum processing, wastewater and materials processing. Production sectors such as coal wells, iron, and steel foundries; crude oil and natural gas fields. Researchers and postgraduates in academia working in automation, robotics, controllers, computer control, industrial process control, real-time control, distributed control, and embedded control.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDESCRIPTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis handbook gives comprehensive coverage of all kinds of industrial control systems to help engineers and researchers correctly and efficiently implement their projects. It is an indispensable guide and references for anyone involved in control, automation, computer networks and robotics in industry and academia alike. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhether you are part of the manufacturing sector, large-scale infrastructure systems, or processing technologies, this book is the key to learning and implementing real time and distributed control applications. It covers working at the device and machine level as well as the wider environments of plant and enterprise. It includes information on sensors and actuators; computer hardware; system interfaces; digital controllers that perform programs and protocols; the embedded applications software; data communications in distributed control systems; and the system routines that make control systems more user-friendly and safe to operate. This handbook is a single source reference in an industry with highly disparate information from myriad sources.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBISAC SUBJECT HEADINGS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTEC005050: TECHNOLOGY \/ Construction \/ Heating, Ventilation \u0026amp; Air Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eTEC008030: TECHNOLOGY \/ Electronics \/ Circuits \/ Logic\u003cbr\u003eTEC009060: TECHNOLOGY \/ Engineering \/ Industrial\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e1: Sensors and Actuators for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Sensors\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Actuators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Valves\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2: Computer Hardware for Industrial Control \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Microprocessor Unit Chipset\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Programmable Peripheral Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3: System Interfaces for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Actuator-Sensor Interface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Industrial Control System Interface Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Human-Machine Interface in Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) Field Communications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.5 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4: Digital Controllers for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Industrial Intelligent Controllers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Industrial Process Controllers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5: Application Software for Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Boot Code for Microprocessor Unit Chipset\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Real-Time Operating System \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Real-Time Application System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.4 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6: Data Communications in Distributed Control System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Distributed Industrial Control System\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Data Communication Basics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Data Transmission Control Circuits and Devices\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Data Transmission Protocols \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Data Link Protocols\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Data Communication Protocols \u003cbr\u003e6.7 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7: System Routines in Industrial Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Overviews\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Power-on and Power-down Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Install and Configure Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Diagnostic Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Simulation Routines\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.6 References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeng Zhang\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeijing Normal University, PR of China\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePeng Zhang is a Professor of Technical Physics at Beijing Normal University, Peoples Republic of China. After receiving his Ph.D. from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1988, Dr. Zhang has worked for almost 20 years in the United States, United Kingdom, and China with several industrial corporations and research institutions on industrial control technology and engineering numerical computations. He is currently working on the research and development of real-time embedded and concurrently distributed control and monitoring in varying applications including traffic signal control, remote-sensing control, power plant processes, geophysical prospecting, and parallel computing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}