Addcon World 2001

Author: Conference Proceedings
ISBN 978-1-85957-295-5

Berlin, 8th-9th October 2001
pages 400

$175.00

Summary
Table of Contents

Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additive industry, to your own type of business. The people who attend may be suppliers of additives, or compounders, or end-users or they may be people who want to know how to use additives. Rapra Technology Ltd. has run Addcon successfully for 6 years, to a proven formula, based on two days of short presentations. Papers are mostly technical, but there are a few commercial overviews too.

There are always new business opportunities for additives. Thermosetting resins are becoming widely accepted in new building and construction markets and they are increasingly deployed in the refurbishment of older civil engineering structures. The wire and cable insulation industry need well stabilized and flame resistant polymers to help provide the infrastructure for new communications technology. Customers want more difficult combinations of properties – such as transparent but permanently antistatic products, or pigments capable of offering novel visual effects, without loss of functional properties. The drive for more cost-effective processing has produced more ingenious lubricants and other processing aids. The search for more effective stabilizers to prolong the useful life of polymer articles continues, and new cost-effective ways of incorporating additives are being developed, Additives remain at the forefront of the revolution in material usage.

List of Papers

Paper 1: From cost-cutting to knowledge-based services. How e-business will enable companies to gain competitive advantage and generate new revenues in the plastics additives industry
W. Schachermayr & B. Hasson, SpecialChem, France

Paper 2: Additive blends: -rapid change, expanding opportunities
Robert Constable, F Gastrock & L.N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA

Paper 3: Special multiple component systems: a new solid supply form in the field of polymer additives Micheal Bauer, lnprotec A G, Germany

Paper 4: Current Trends In the Global Plasticizer Industry
Tarun Khemiani, Chemimi Market Resources, Inc., USA

Paper 5: Benefits of No Dust Blends (NDB) - The Performance of Processing Stabilisers in new Physical Forms and Blends
Klaus Keck-Antoine, B. Johnson, R. Lee, K. Pearson, N. Alien & N. Ortuoste, Great Lakes Chemical Corp., UK
(Paper unavailable at time of print)

Paper 6: Antioxidants as sources of plastics discoloration: structural effects
Jan Pospisl1, W.D. Habicher2, S. Nespurek3 and O.G. Piringer4, 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic, 2Technical University of Dresden, 3Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich; 4Fabes Forschungs-GmbH

Paper 7: Cost-effective additions of new mineral fibers for automotive applications
Roel H C Cols, Lapinus Fibres B V, The Netherlands

Paper 8: Neoalkoxytitanate and zirconate coupling agent additives in thermoplastics
Salvatore J Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals Inc, USA

Paper 9: Use of post-life wastes and production wastes in thermoplastic polymer compositions
Ewa Kowalska, Z Wielgosz & J Pelka, Industrial Chemical Research lnstitute, Warsaw, Poland

Paper 10: Calcium Carbonates for Microporous Breathable Films – Market and Product Requirements
Gil Morieras, Omya AG, Germany

Paper 11: Specific Conductive , In Plastics Applications
Christine van Bellingen, Erachem Europe SA, Belgium

Paper 12: Sustainable Fire Safety In Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Troy De Soto, R Dawson and S D Landry, Albemarle Corp., Belgium

Paper 13: Evaluation of performance of halogenated and non-halogenated flame retardant additives in polypropylene (pp) homopolymer for battery applications by injection moulding
R Rangaprasad, K Rangan and Y B Vasudeo, Reliance Industries Limited, India

Paper 14: New proprietary flame retardant systems meet plastics market requirements
Achim Litzenburger, Eurobrom B V, The Netherlands

Paper 15: Siloxanes as Additives for Plastics
Stefan Stadtmueller, Goldschmidt AG, Germany

Paper 16: Performance of Fluoroelastomers successfully meets the predictions
Xavier Fanichet, DuPont Dow Elastomers, Switzerland

Paper 17: The Influence of nucleating agents on the dimensioned stability of pigmented mouldings
Paul E. Tomfins, C E Fomo and P Bartlett, National Physical Laboratory, UK

Paper 18: A revolutionary light stabilizer system for polyolefins and other resins
L. Davis1, S.B. Samuels1, I. Vulic2 and Paolo Arnaboldi2, 1Cytec Industries, USA, 2Cytec Industries B. V., The Netherlands ;

Paper 19: New solid solution HALS resulting in Improved UV stability due to optimized Incorporation in a polyolefin matrix
Joachim Bayer, Clarient, Germany
(Paper unavailable at time of print)

Paper 20: A quantitative study of sterically hindered phenol and amino stabilizers In PP materials
Hartmut F. Schroeder, BAM, Germany and E.B. Zeynalov, IPCP AcS (Azerbaijan)

Paper 21: Novel effect additives to increase the versatility of plastics
Urs Hirt, Ciba Specialty Chemicals lnc, Switzerland

Paper 22: Polybutenes: a versatile modifier for plastics
Serge Decroocq, BP Amoco, France

Paper 23: Problems & Pitfalls In the Design & Evaluation of Biocides for Plastics
Chris Kneale, Avecia Biocides, UK
(paper unavailable at time of print)

Paper 24: Beyond Colour- Dyestuff Molecules providing Shade
Alban Glaser, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Germany
(Paper unavailable at time of print)

Paper 25: Permanent, transparent, non-blooming and non-hygroscopic antistatic agents based on thermally stable combined neoalkoxy organometallics
Salvatore J. Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals lnc., USA

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{"id":11242235652,"title":"Addcon World 2000","handle":"978-1-85957-242-9","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-242-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2000\u003cbr\u003ePages 168\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis 6th successful Addcon World conference discussed the threats, opportunities, and trends in the additives business today. New products and processes were also revealed along with a discussion of legislation and its impact on the additives business. Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additives industry and have been successfully run by Rapra Technology Limited for the past 5 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe papers presented at this year’s conference will appeal to suppliers of additives, compounders and end-users along with people who want to learn how to use additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlexible Vinyl Medical Products: Discussion about the Extraction Characteristics of Various Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003eRichard C. Adams, BP Amoco Chemicals, USA \u003cbr\u003eBenzoate Plasticizer for Reducing Plastisol Viscosity and Fusion Temperature\u003cbr\u003eTom Bohnert, B. Stanhope, K. Gruszecki, S. Pitman, V. 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It will be of particular interest to occupational health and environmental monitoring specialists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 What to Look for – What’s There at the Start\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Risk Assessment\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Hazards from Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Accelerators and Activators\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Antioxidants and Antiozonants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Colourants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Crosslinking Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Fillers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.7 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.8 Heat Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.9 Monomers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.10 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.11 Retarders\u003cbr\u003e1.2.12 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Dusts (Airborne Particulates)\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 What is Dust?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 How Does Dust Originate?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Airborne Vapours\u003cbr\u003e1.3.5 Vapour Generation from Liquids 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71-43-2\u003cbr\u003e2.4.6 Biphenyl, CAS: 92-52-4\u003cbr\u003e2.4.7 tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol), CAS: 75-65-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.8 Carbon Disulfide, CAS: 75-15-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.9 Carbon Monoxide, CAS: 630-08-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.10 Chlorobenzene, CAS: 108-90-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.11 Hydrogen Halides\u003cbr\u003e2.4.12 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e2.4.13 a-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene), CAS: 98-83-9\u003cbr\u003e2.4.14 N-Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.15 Ozone, CAS: 10028-15-6\u003cbr\u003e2.4.16 2,2´,4,4´-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, CAS: 2437-79-8\u003cbr\u003e2.4.17 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile, CAS: 3333-52-6\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Catalytic Effects\u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Residence Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Air Monitoring Strategies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Concentration Profiling and Leak Detection\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Personal Exposure Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Compliance with Legislation\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Monitoring the Performance of Engineering 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Absorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.9 Portable Battery Pumps\u003cbr\u003e4.9.1 Flow Rate Adjustment\u003cbr\u003e4.9.2 Setting the Flow Rate\u003cbr\u003e4.9.3 Battery Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e4.10 Sampling and Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.1 Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.2 Field and Media Blanks\u003cbr\u003e4.10.3 Sample Transfer and Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Indirect Methods – Laboratory Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Overview of Chromatographic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Principles of Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Component Identification\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Quantification\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Gas Chromatography (GC)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 GC Carrier Gas\u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Sample Introduction for GC – Liquid Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Split Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Splitless Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Cool-on-Column Injection\u003cbr\u003e5.2.7 Sample Introduction for GC – Gaseous Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.8 Columns and Ovens\u003cbr\u003e5.2.9 Support Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.10 Stationary Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.11 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.2.12 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Gradient Elution\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Column Packing Material\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Choice of Mobile Phase\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Sample Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Ion Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Overview of Spectroscopic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Mechanics of Measurement\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES)\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA)\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e5.9.1 UV Fluorescence\u003cbr\u003e5.10 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)\u003cbr\u003e5.11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)\u003cbr\u003e5.12 Overview of Gravimetric Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.12.1 The Balance\u003cbr\u003e5.12.2 Analytical Sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e5.12.3 Cyclohexane Extraction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Indirect Methods – Data Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Data Available\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Pumped Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Diffusion Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Laboratory Analysis\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Calculation of an Airborne Concentration\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Units of Concentration – mg\/m3 and ppm\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Use of ppm in Diffusive Sample Uptake Rates\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Isocyanate Concentrations\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Desorption Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Exposure Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 US Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Rubber Process Dust and Rubber Fume – UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 N-Nitrosamines – German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Exposures\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Sampling Only During Working Periods\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Sampling During Both Working Periods and Breaks\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Assumptions\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Exposure Records\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Emission Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.7.1 UK Legislation\u003cbr\u003e6.7.2 US Legislation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Direct Methods\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Colorimetric Methods\u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Detector Tubes: Short-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Detector Tubes: Long-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Colorimetric Filters and Badge Samplers\u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Paper Tape Monitors\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Beam Attenuation or Deflection Devices\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Infrared Absorbance (IR)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Ultraviolet and Visible Absorbance (UV-VIS)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Beta-Ray Attenuation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Light Attenuating Photometers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Light Scattering\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Ionisation and Luminescent Detectors\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2Photo-Ionisation Detectors (PID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Chemiluminescent Detectors \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: Units and Conversions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS), UK Health and Safety Executive\u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: NIOSH and OSHA Monitoring Methods - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV: Promulgated Test Methods from the US Environmental Protection Agency - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eCAS Number Index\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Bryan Willoughby is a renowned polymer chemist. He has conducted the risk assessment and monitoring exercises in the UK, USA, and Continental Europe. He developed the method for rubber fume monitoring now used by the UK Health and Safety Executive. He has also published extensively on the topic of emissions from curing rubber and moulding plastic. Bryan has served on the Board of Directors of the British Institute of Occupational Hygiene and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a member of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene and the IOM, and an affiliate of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:22-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:22-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","air monitoring","book","emissions","environment","hazardous substances","health","plastics","risk assessment","rubber","rubber formulary","safety"],"price":12600,"price_min":12600,"price_max":12600,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378351364,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Air Monitoring in the Rubber and Plastics Industries","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12600,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-374-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350147674205,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-374-7.jpg?v=1498187058","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: B.G. Willoughby \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-374-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 250\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nHealth, safety, and the environment are key driving factors in the industry in the 21st Century. Monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace and in emissions from factories is used to calculate exposure to possible chemical toxins including carcinogens. Other factors must also be considered in chemical monitoring, such as the actual risk of harm and possible areas of high exposure, such as when opening ovens or dealing with equipment problems, situations where a build-up of the chemical can occur in an enclosed environment. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifferent types of monitoring equipment and ways of monitoring are available. For example, static monitoring can be carried out in one place over a period of time, or a recorder can be placed on an employee near to the breathing zone to measure individual exposure to chemicals. There are many factors which can lead to inaccurate interpretation of results from using equipment which does not distinguish between critical chemicals or which is not sufficiently sensitive, to not taking into account local factors such as employee's smoking habits. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo measure a chemical in air, it must first be trapped in some way and the trapped sample analysed. There are different methods of trapping from simple grab sampling of air to the use of filters, absorbents, and adsorbents. The trapped sample must be analysed and a variety of methods are available. Chemicals present at low levels can still be toxic. The aim is to choose a method that is capable of measuring across the range of exposure levels of concern. Government bodies such as NIOSH and OSHA in the USA and the HSE in the UK have published approved methods for specific chemical species. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are many chemicals in use in the rubber and plastics industries from the monomers polymerised to form plastics and rubbers, to the additives used to enhance the polymer properties. In addition, other potentially hazardous substances are formed by reactions between these base chemicals and with air. The formation of suspected carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds by some rubber formulations is a case in point. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book examines the types of chemicals found in the polymer industry and the potential hazards. It goes on to explain the common chemical reactions of concern to health and safety. Monitoring methods are described in some detail together with their limitations. This is essentially a practical book giving a background to the chemistry of the polymer industry and chemical monitoring methods. It will be of use to workers and managers across the industry in explaining what should be done and why. It will be of particular interest to occupational health and environmental monitoring specialists.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 What to Look for – What’s There at the Start\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Risk Assessment\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Hazards from Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Accelerators and Activators\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 Antioxidants and Antiozonants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Colourants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Crosslinking Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Fillers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.7 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e1.2.8 Heat Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.9 Monomers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.10 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e1.2.11 Retarders\u003cbr\u003e1.2.12 Solvents\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Dusts (Airborne Particulates)\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 What is Dust?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 How Does Dust Originate?\u003cbr\u003e1.3.4 Airborne Vapours\u003cbr\u003e1.3.5 Vapour Generation from Liquids \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 What to Look for – What’s Created During Processing\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Thermal Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Thermal Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Thermal Decomposition of Peroxides\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Thermal Decomposition of Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermal Decomposition of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Thermo-Oxidative Breakdown\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Polymers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Side-Chain Oxidation of Organo-Nitrogen Compounds\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Crosslinking of Rubbers – Vulcanisation\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Peroxide Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Sulfur Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Amines and Delayed Action Cures\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Hazards from Volatile By-Products\u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Aldehydes\u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Aliphatic Amines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Ammonia, CAS: 7664-41-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.4 Aniline, CAS: 626-38-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.5 Benzene, CAS: 71-43-2\u003cbr\u003e2.4.6 Biphenyl, CAS: 92-52-4\u003cbr\u003e2.4.7 tert-Butanol (2-methylpropan-2-ol), CAS: 75-65-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.8 Carbon Disulfide, CAS: 75-15-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.9 Carbon Monoxide, CAS: 630-08-0\u003cbr\u003e2.4.10 Chlorobenzene, CAS: 108-90-7\u003cbr\u003e2.4.11 Hydrogen Halides\u003cbr\u003e2.4.12 Ketones\u003cbr\u003e2.4.13 a-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene), CAS: 98-83-9\u003cbr\u003e2.4.14 N-Nitrosamines\u003cbr\u003e2.4.15 Ozone, CAS: 10028-15-6\u003cbr\u003e2.4.16 2,2´,4,4´-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, CAS: 2437-79-8\u003cbr\u003e2.4.17 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile, CAS: 3333-52-6\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Likelihood of Exposure\u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Catalytic Effects\u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Residence Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Air Monitoring Strategies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Concentration Profiling and Leak Detection\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Personal Exposure Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Compliance with Legislation\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Monitoring the Performance of Engineering Controls\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Capture Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Transport Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Static Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Velocity Pressure\u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Total Air Flow – Determination of Mean Velocity within a Duct\u003cbr\u003e3.4.6 Volume Air Flow from Mean Velocity \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Indirect Methods – Trapping Species from Air\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Types of Airborne Pollutant\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Whole Air Samples – Grab Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Total Particulates Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Inertia Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Flow Rate Considerations\u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Filter Types\u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Handling Fibrous Filters\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Sampling for Total Inhalable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Sampling for Respirable Particulates\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Sampling in Ducts and Stacks – Isokinetic Sampling\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Static Samplers\u003cbr\u003e4.8 Gas and Vapour Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.1 Adsorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.8.2 Absorption Trapping\u003cbr\u003e4.9 Portable Battery Pumps\u003cbr\u003e4.9.1 Flow Rate Adjustment\u003cbr\u003e4.9.2 Setting the Flow Rate\u003cbr\u003e4.9.3 Battery Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e4.10 Sampling and Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.1 Sampling Records\u003cbr\u003e4.10.2 Field and Media Blanks\u003cbr\u003e4.10.3 Sample Transfer and Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Indirect Methods – Laboratory Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Overview of Chromatographic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Principles of Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Component Identification\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Quantification\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Gas Chromatography (GC)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 GC Carrier Gas\u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Sample Introduction for GC – Liquid Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Split Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Splitless Injection for Capillary GC\u003cbr\u003e5.2.6 Cool-on-Column Injection\u003cbr\u003e5.2.7 Sample Introduction for GC – Gaseous Samples\u003cbr\u003e5.2.8 Columns and Ovens\u003cbr\u003e5.2.9 Support Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.10 Stationary Phases\u003cbr\u003e5.2.11 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.2.12 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 The Basics\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Gradient Elution\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Column Packing Material\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Choice of Mobile Phase\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Detectors\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Sample Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Instrumental Conditions\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Ion Chromatography\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Overview of Spectroscopic Techniques\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Mechanics of Measurement\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES)\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA)\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Inductively-Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e5.9.1 UV Fluorescence\u003cbr\u003e5.10 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)\u003cbr\u003e5.11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)\u003cbr\u003e5.12 Overview of Gravimetric Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.12.1 The Balance\u003cbr\u003e5.12.2 Analytical Sensitivity\u003cbr\u003e5.12.3 Cyclohexane Extraction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Indirect Methods – Data Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Data Available\u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Pumped Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Diffusion Sampling\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Laboratory Analysis\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Calculation of an Airborne Concentration\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Units of Concentration – mg\/m3 and ppm\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Use of ppm in Diffusive Sample Uptake Rates\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Isocyanate Concentrations\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Desorption Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Exposure Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 US Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Rubber Process Dust and Rubber Fume – UK Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 N-Nitrosamines – German Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Exposures\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Sampling Only During Working Periods\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Sampling During Both Working Periods and Breaks\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Assumptions\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Exposure Records\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Emission Limits\u003cbr\u003e6.7.1 UK Legislation\u003cbr\u003e6.7.2 US Legislation \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Direct Methods\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Colorimetric Methods\u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Detector Tubes: Short-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Detector Tubes: Long-Term Measurements\u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Colorimetric Filters and Badge Samplers\u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Paper Tape Monitors\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Beam Attenuation or Deflection Devices\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Infrared Absorbance (IR)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Ultraviolet and Visible Absorbance (UV-VIS)\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Beta-Ray Attenuation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Light Attenuating Photometers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Light Scattering\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Ionisation and Luminescent Detectors\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2Photo-Ionisation Detectors (PID)\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Chemiluminescent Detectors \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: Units and Conversions\u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS), UK Health and Safety Executive\u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: NIOSH and OSHA Monitoring Methods - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV: Promulgated Test Methods from the US Environmental Protection Agency - Representative Examples\u003cbr\u003eCAS Number Index\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Bryan Willoughby is a renowned polymer chemist. He has conducted the risk assessment and monitoring exercises in the UK, USA, and Continental Europe. He developed the method for rubber fume monitoring now used by the UK Health and Safety Executive. He has also published extensively on the topic of emissions from curing rubber and moulding plastic. Bryan has served on the Board of Directors of the British Institute of Occupational Hygiene and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a member of the Faculty of Occupational Hygiene and the IOM, and an affiliate of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society."}

Biocides in Plastics

$153.00

{"id":11242214020,"title":"Biocides in Plastics","handle":"978-1-85957-512-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","Biocides","book","degradation plastics","environment","p-additives","polymer"],"price":15300,"price_min":15300,"price_max":15300,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378351044,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Biocides in Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":15300,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-512-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350156849245,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors."}