Atlas of Material Damage, 3rd Edition
Atlas of Material Damage has microscopic pictures, schematic diagrams, and a few graphs, which show how materials fail, how they are produced not to fail, and how they are designed to perform functions to make outstanding products. All this is presented in color print, which emphasizes the peculiarities of morphology. Each illustration is fully explained in the text. The most recent findings during 2017-2021 are included, and their importance emphasized.
In the near past, products were distinguished by their formulations, which constituted highly guarded commercial secrets and know-how. Today, this is not enough. MATERIALS, TO COMPETE, must have optimal structure and specially designed morphology. This book gives numerous examples of how this special morphology can be achieved in electronics, the plastics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, aerospace, automotive applications, medicine, dentistry, and many other fields (see the full list at the end).
It is pertinent from the above that others can adapt methods described by one branch of industry. For example, a technology that powers the slow or targeted release of pharmaceutical products can successfully prevent premature loss of vital additives from plastics.
Product reliability is the primary aim of technological know-how. Uninterrupted performance of manufactured products at both typical and extreme conditions of their use is the central goal of product development and the most important indicator of material quality.
This book provides information on defect formation, material damage, and the structure of materials that must perform designed functions. The following aspects of material performance are discussed:
- Effect of composition, morphological features, and structure of different materials on material performance, durability, and resilience
- Analysis of causes of material damage and degradation
- Effect of processing conditions on material damage
- Effect of singular and combined action of different degradants on industrial products
- Systematic analysis of existing knowledge regarding the modes of damage and morphology of damaged material
- Technological steps required to obtain specifically designed morphology required for specific performance
- Comparison of experiences generated in different sectors of the industry regarding the most frequently encountered failures, reasons for these failures, and potential improvements preventing future damage
The above information is based on the most recent publications. Less than 2% of sources were published before 2000.
The name “Atlas” was selected to indicate the book's emphasis on illustrations and morphology, with many real examples of damaged products and a discussion of causes of damage and potential for material improvements.
This book should be owned and frequently consulted by engineers and researchers in adhesives and sealants, aerospace, appliances, automotive, biotechnology, coil coating, composites, construction, dental materials, electronics industry, fibers, foams, food, laminates, lumber and wood products, medical, office equipment, optical materials, organics, metal industry, packaging (bottles and film), paints and coatings, pharmaceuticals, polymers, rubber, and plastics, printing, pulp and paper, shipbuilding and repair, stone, textile industry, windows and doors, wires and cables.
Professors and students in the above subjects will require this book for a complete survey of modern technology.
1 Introduction
2 Material Composition, Structure and Morphological Features
2.1 Materials having predominantly homogeneous structure and composition
2.2 Heterogeneous materials
2.2.1 Crystalline forms and amorphous regions
2.2.2 Materials containing insoluble additives
2.2.3 Materials containing immiscible phases
2.2.4 Composites
2.2.5 Multi-component layered materials
2.2.6 Foams and porosity
2.2.7 Compressed solids
2.3 Material surface versus bulk
3 Effect of Processing on Material Structure
3.1 Temperature
3.2 Pressure
3.3 Time
3.4 Viscosity
3.5 Flow rate (shear rate)
3.6 Deformation
3.7 Orientation
4 Scale of Damage. Basic Concept
4.1 Atomistic
4.2 Microscale
4.3 Macroscale
5 Microscopic Mechanisms of Damage Caused by Degradants
5.1 Bulk (mechanical forces)
5.1.1 Elastic-brittle fracture
5.1.2 Elastic-plastic deformation
5.1.3 Time-related damage
5.1.3.1 Fatigue
5.1.3.2 Creep
5.1.4 Impact damage
5.1.5 Shear fracture
5.1.6 Compression set
5.1.7 Bending forces
5.1.8 Anisotropic damage
5.2 Electric forces
5.2.1 Tracking
5.2.2 Arcing
5.2.3 Drying out in batteries
5.2.4 Pinholes
5.2.5 Cracks
5.2.6 Delamination
5.3 Surface-initiated damage
5.3.1 Physical forces
5.3.1.1 Thermal treatment
5.3.1.2 Radiation
5.3.1.3 Weathering
5.3.2 Mechanical action
5.3.2.1 Scratching
5.3.2.2 Impact
5.3.2.3 Adhesive failure, sliding, and rolling
5.3.3 Chemical reactions
5.3.3.1 Molecular oxygen
5.3.3.2 Ozone
5.3.3.3 Atomic oxygen
5.3.3.4 Sulfur dioxide
5.3.3.5 Particulate matter
5.3.3.6 Other gaseous pollutants
5.4 Combination of degrading elements
5.4.1 Environmental stress cracking
5.4.2 Biodegradation and biodeterioration
5.4.3 Effect of body fluids
5.4.4 Controlled-release substances in pharmaceutical applications
5.4.5 Corrosion
2 Material Composition, Structure and Morphological Features
2.1 Materials having predominantly homogeneous structure and composition
2.2 Heterogeneous materials
2.2.1 Crystalline forms and amorphous regions
2.2.2 Materials containing insoluble additives
2.2.3 Materials containing immiscible phases
2.2.4 Composites
2.2.5 Multi-component layered materials
2.2.6 Foams and porosity
2.2.7 Compressed solids
2.3 Material surface versus bulk
3 Effect of Processing on Material Structure
3.1 Temperature
3.2 Pressure
3.3 Time
3.4 Viscosity
3.5 Flow rate (shear rate)
3.6 Deformation
3.7 Orientation
4 Scale of Damage. Basic Concept
4.1 Atomistic
4.2 Microscale
4.3 Macroscale
5 Microscopic Mechanisms of Damage Caused by Degradants
5.1 Bulk (mechanical forces)
5.1.1 Elastic-brittle fracture
5.1.2 Elastic-plastic deformation
5.1.3 Time-related damage
5.1.3.1 Fatigue
5.1.3.2 Creep
5.1.4 Impact damage
5.1.5 Shear fracture
5.1.6 Compression set
5.1.7 Bending forces
5.1.8 Anisotropic damage
5.2 Electric forces
5.2.1 Tracking
5.2.2 Arcing
5.2.3 Drying out in batteries
5.2.4 Pinholes
5.2.5 Cracks
5.2.6 Delamination
5.3 Surface-initiated damage
5.3.1 Physical forces
5.3.1.1 Thermal treatment
5.3.1.2 Radiation
5.3.1.3 Weathering
5.3.2 Mechanical action
5.3.2.1 Scratching
5.3.2.2 Impact
5.3.2.3 Adhesive failure, sliding, and rolling
5.3.3 Chemical reactions
5.3.3.1 Molecular oxygen
5.3.3.2 Ozone
5.3.3.3 Atomic oxygen
5.3.3.4 Sulfur dioxide
5.3.3.5 Particulate matter
5.3.3.6 Other gaseous pollutants
5.4 Combination of degrading elements
5.4.1 Environmental stress cracking
5.4.2 Biodegradation and biodeterioration
5.4.3 Effect of body fluids
5.4.4 Controlled-release substances in pharmaceutical applications
5.4.5 Corrosion
Related Products
Handbook of Fillers, 4...
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{"id":11242221188,"title":"Handbook of Fillers, 4th Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-91-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-91-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2016\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eFigures: 615\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables: 190\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePages: 922\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFourth Edition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook gives direct comparison of general purpose fillers (micron-size fillers) and nanofillers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOver 4,000 research papers, mostly published from 1994 to 2015 (over 1000 new papers in this edition), technical data from over 200 filler and equipment manufacturing companies, and patent literature were reviewed for this comprehensive handbook. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is designed to be single source of information for an experienced practitioner as well as a reference text for students and those new to the fields where fillers are used. The previous editions, used by very large number of readers, does not contain essential developments of extensive research on fillers in the last 10 years, especially related to nanofillers, graphene and other novelty products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFillers, in most applications, are no longer used as cost-saving additives but they add value to final products, and many products cannot be successfully designed without them. This reference book is a powerful tool for today’s challenges, which can only be met by those equipped with extensive information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book provides the information on three groups of relevant topics: available fillers and their properties, their effect on filled materials, and their use in practical applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne third of the book covers the grades of fillers available in the world market. Fillers are divided into 83 groups and their properties are analyzed to pinpoint properties, applications, and sources. The technical information is a synthesis of information on several thousand grades of fillers manufactured today. The morphology of fillers, in addition to the numerical and other data, is illustrated by over 200 SEM TEM, AFM micrographs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe second part of the handbook discusses the effects of filler incorporation. Ten chapters cover the mechanical properties of compounded materials, the effect of the filler on material rheology, the morphology of the filled system, the material durability, flammability and recycling, the structure of interphase, chemical interactions, interaction with and effect on other additives, fillers use in material combinations, and the analytical methods of testing fillers and filled materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe last part of the book is concerned with application of fillers on an industrial scale. Several chapters discuss filler transportation, storage, processing and equipment used for these purposes. Others deal with the quality control of fillers, formulation with fillers, different processing methods, groups of products, and health and safety issues. This part is designed to assist industrial engineers to evaluate advances in the processing technology. It is also invaluable for chemists who design formulations for industrial processes and students in chemical engineering who must learn how modern industry operates in practical applications. The handbook is invaluable for sales and marketing because it gives possibility of direct comparison of fillers and their potential use and contains all required information to position them in the marketplace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo summarize, major features of this handbook are:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Comprehensive review of literature\u003cbr\u003e• The most current information\u003cbr\u003e• Information required by scientists, engineers, marketing, sales, and students given in one source\u003cbr\u003e• All aspects of filler properties, effects, and application thoroughly reviewed\u003cbr\u003e• Contains all available information to make decision on what can be done by traditional fillers and where nanotechnology excels\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Expectations from fillers \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Typical filler properties \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Markets and trends \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 SOURCES OF FILLERS, THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES, AND MORPHOLOGY \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Particulate Fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Aluminum flakes and powders \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Aluminum borate whiskers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Aluminum nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Aluminum oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Aluminum trihydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.6 Anthracite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.7 Antimonate of sodium \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Antimony pentoxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Antimony trioxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.10 Ammonium octamolybdate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.11 Apatite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.12 Ash, fly \u003cbr\u003e2.1.13 Attapulgite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.14 Barium metaborate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.15 Barium sulfate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.16 Barium \u0026amp; strontium sulfates \u003cbr\u003e2.1.17 Barium titanate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.18 Bentonite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.19 Beryllium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.20 Boron nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.21 Calcium carbonate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.22 Calcium fluoride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.23 Calcium hydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.24 Calcium phosphate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.25 Calcium silicate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.26 Calcium sulfate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.27 Carbon black \u003cbr\u003e2.1.28 Carbonyl iron powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.29 Cellulose particles \u003cbr\u003e2.1.30 Ceramic beads \u003cbr\u003e2.1.31 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e2.1.32 Clamshell powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.33 Clay \u003cbr\u003e2.1.34 Cobalt powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.35 Copper \u003cbr\u003e2.1.36 Corn cob powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.37 Cristobalite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.38 Diatomaceous earth \u003cbr\u003e2.1.39 Dolomite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.40 Eggshell filler \u003cbr\u003e2.1.41 Ferrites \u003cbr\u003e2.1.42 Feldspar \u003cbr\u003e2.1.43 Gandolinium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.44 Glass beads \u003cbr\u003e2.1.45 Gold \u003cbr\u003e2.1.46 Graphene \u003cbr\u003e2.1.47 Graphene oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.48 Graphite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.49 Ground tire powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.50 Halloysite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.51 Huntite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.52 Hydrous calcium silicate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.53 Illite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.54 Iron \u003cbr\u003e2.1.55 Iron oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.56 Kaolin \u003cbr\u003e2.1.57 Lead oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.58 Lithopone \u003cbr\u003e2.1.59 Magnesium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.60 Magnesium hydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.61 Magnetite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.62 Metal-containing conductive materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1.63 Mica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.64 Molybdenum \u003cbr\u003e2.1.65 Molybdenum disulfide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.66 Molybdic oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.67 Nanofillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.68 Nickel \u003cbr\u003e2.1.69 Nickel oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.70 Nickel zinc ferrite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.71 Nutshell powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.72 Perlite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.73 Polymeric fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.74 Potassium hexatitanate whiskers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.75 Pumice \u003cbr\u003e2.1.76 Pyrophyllite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.77 Rubber particles \u003cbr\u003e2.1.78 Sepiolite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79 Silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.1 Fumed silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.2 Fused silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.3 Precipitated silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.4 Quartz (Tripoli) \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.5 Sand \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.6 Silica gel \u003cbr\u003e2.1.80 Silicon carbide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.81 Silicon nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.82 Silver powder and flakes \u003cbr\u003e2.1.83 Slate flour \u003cbr\u003e2.1.84 Talc \u003cbr\u003e2.1.85 Titanium dioxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.86 Tungsten \u003cbr\u003e2.1.87 Vermiculite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.88 Wollastonite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.89 Wood flour and similar materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1.90 Zeolites \u003cbr\u003e2.1.91 Zinc borate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.92 Zinc oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.93 Zinc stannate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.94 Zinc sulfide \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Aramid fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Carbon fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Carbon nanotubes \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Cellulose fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Glass fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Other fibers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 FILLERS TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, AND PROCESSING \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Filler packaging \u003cbr\u003e3.2 External transportation \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Filler receiving \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Storage \u003cbr\u003e3.5 In-plant conveying \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Semi-bulk unloading systems \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Bag handling equipment \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Blending \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Feeding \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Drying \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 QUALITY CONTROL OF FILLERS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Absorption coefficient \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Acidity or alkalinity of water extract \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Ash content \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Brightness \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coarse particles \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Color \u003cbr\u003e4.7 CTAB surface area \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Density \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Extractables \u003cbr\u003e4.11 Fines content \u003cbr\u003e4.12 Heating loss \u003cbr\u003e4.13 Heat stability \u003cbr\u003e4.14 Hegman fineness \u003cbr\u003e4.15 Hiding power \u003cbr\u003e4.16 Iodine absorption number \u003cbr\u003e4.17 Lightening power of white pigments \u003cbr\u003e4.18 Loss on ignition \u003cbr\u003e4.19 Mechanical and related properties \u003cbr\u003e4.20 Oil absorption \u003cbr\u003e4.21 Particle size \u003cbr\u003e4.22 Pellet strength \u003cbr\u003e4.23 pH \u003cbr\u003e4.24 Resistance to light \u003cbr\u003e4.25 Resistivity of aqueous extract \u003cbr\u003e4.26 Sieve residue \u003cbr\u003e4.27 Soluble matter \u003cbr\u003e4.28 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e4.29 Sulfur content \u003cbr\u003e4.30 Tamped volume \u003cbr\u003e4.31 Tinting strength \u003cbr\u003e4.32 Volatile matter \u003cbr\u003e4.33 Water content \u003cbr\u003e4.34 Water-soluble sulfates, chlorides and nitrates \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLERS AND FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Density \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Particle size \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Particle size distribution \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Particle shape \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Particle surface morphology and roughness \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Porosity \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Particle-particle interaction and spacing \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Agglomerates \u003cbr\u003e5.10 Aggregates and structure \u003cbr\u003e5.11 Flocculation and sedimentation \u003cbr\u003e5.12 Aspect ratio \u003cbr\u003e5.13 Packing volume \u003cbr\u003e5.14 pH \u003cbr\u003e5.15 Zeta-potential \u003cbr\u003e5.16 Surface energy \u003cbr\u003e5.17 Moisture \u003cbr\u003e5.18 Absorption of liquids and swelling \u003cbr\u003e5.19 Permeability and barrier properties \u003cbr\u003e5.20 Oil absorption \u003cbr\u003e5.21 Hydrophilic\/hydrophobic properties \u003cbr\u003e5.22 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e5.23 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e5.24 Friction properties \u003cbr\u003e5.25 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.26 Intumescent properties \u003cbr\u003e5.27 Thermal conductivity \u003cbr\u003e5.28 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e5.29 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e5.30 Melting temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.31 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.32 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e5.33 Relative permittivity \u003cbr\u003e5.34 Electrical percolation \u003cbr\u003e5.35 EMI shielding \u003cbr\u003e5.36 Magnetic properties \u003cbr\u003e5.37 Shape memory \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLERS AND FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Reactivity \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Chemical groups on the filler surface \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Filler surface modification \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Filler modification and material properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Resistance to various chemicals \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Cure in fillers presence \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Polymerization in fillers presence \u003cbr\u003e6.8 Grafting \u003cbr\u003e6.9 Crosslink density \u003cbr\u003e6.10 Reaction kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.11 Molecular mobility \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 ORGANIZATION OF INTERFACE AND MATRIX CONTAINING FILLERS \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Particle distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Orientation of filler particles in a matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Voids \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Matrix-filler interaction \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Chemical interactions \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Other interactions \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Interphase organization \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Interfacial adhesion \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Interphase thickness \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Filler-chain links \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Chain dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Bound rubber \u003cbr\u003e7.13 Debonding \u003cbr\u003e7.14 Mechanisms of reinforcement \u003cbr\u003e7.15 Benefits of organization on molecular level \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 THE EFFECT OF FILLERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Tensile strength and elongation \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Tensile yield stress \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Mullins’ effect \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Elastic modulus \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Flexural strength and modulus \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Impact resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Tear strength \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Compressive strength \u003cbr\u003e8.10 Fracture resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.11 Wear \u003cbr\u003e8.12 Friction \u003cbr\u003e8.13 Abrasion \u003cbr\u003e8.14 Scratch resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.15 Fatigue \u003cbr\u003e8.16 Failure \u003cbr\u003e8.17 Adhesion \u003cbr\u003e8.18 Thermal deformation \u003cbr\u003e8.19 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e8.20 Warpage \u003cbr\u003e8.21 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e8.22 Load transfer \u003cbr\u003e8.23 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e8.24 \u003cbr\u003eCreep \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 THE EFFECT OF FILLERS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Flow \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Flow induced filler particle orientation \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Torque \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Viscoelasticity \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Dynamic mechanical behavior \u003cbr\u003e9.7 Complex viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.8 Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.9 Elongational viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.10 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e9.11 Yield value \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 MORPHOLOGY OF FILLED SYSTEMS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Crystallization behavior \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Nucleation \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Crystal size \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Spherulites \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Transcrystallinity \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Orientation \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 EFFECT OF FILLERS ON EPOSURE TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Irradiation \u003cbr\u003e11.2 UV radiation \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Liquids and vapors \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Stabilization \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Degradable materials \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 FLAMMABILITY OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Limiting oxygen index \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Ignition and flame spread rate \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Heat transmission rate \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Decomposition and combustion \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Emission of gaseous components \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Smoke \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Char \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Recycling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON PERFORMANCE OF OTHER ADDITIVES AND VICE VERSA \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesion promoters \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Antistatics \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Blowing agents \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Compatibilizers \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coupling agents \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dispersing agents and surface active agents \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e13.10 UV stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Other additives \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 TESTING METHODS IN FILLED SYSTEMS \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Physical methods \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Atomic force microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.2 Autoignition test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.3 Bound rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.1.4 Char formation \u003cbr\u003e14.1.5 Cone calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e14.1.6 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e14.1.7 Dispersing agent requirement \u003cbr\u003e14.1.8 Dispersion tests \u003cbr\u003e14.1.9 Dripping test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.10 Dynamic mechanical analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.11 Electric constants determination \u003cbr\u003e14.1.12 Electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.13 Fiber orientation \u003cbr\u003e14.1.14 Flame propagation test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.15 Glow wire test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.16 Image analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.17 Limiting oxygen index \u003cbr\u003e14.1.18 Magnetic properties \u003cbr\u003e14.1.19 Optical microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.20 Particle size analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.21 Radiant panel test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.22 Rate of combustion \u003cbr\u003e14.1.23 Scanning acoustic microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.24 Smoke chamber \u003cbr\u003e14.1.25 Sonic methods \u003cbr\u003e14.1.26 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e14.1.27 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Chemical and instrumental analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2.3 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e14.2.4 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e14.2.5 Gel content \u003cbr\u003e14.2.6 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.2.7 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.2.8 UV and visible spectophotometry \u003cbr\u003e14.2.9 X-ray analysis \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 FILLERS IN COMMERCIAL POLYMERS \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Aliphatic polyketone \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Bismaleimide \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Ethylene-ethyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.14 Ethylene-propylene copolymers \u003cbr\u003e15.15 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e15.16 Liquid crystalline polymers \u003cbr\u003e15.17 Perfluoroalkoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e15.18 Phenolic resins \u003cbr\u003e15.19 Poly(acrylic acid) \u003cbr\u003e15.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e15.21 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e15.22 Polyamideimide \u003cbr\u003e15.23 Polyamines \u003cbr\u003e15.24 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e15.25 Polyaryletherketone \u003cbr\u003e15.26 Poly(butylene succinate) \u003cbr\u003e15.27 Poly(butylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003e15.28 Polycaprolactone \u003cbr\u003e15.29 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e15.30 Polydicyclopentadiene \u003cbr\u003e15.31 Polyetheretherketone \u003cbr\u003e15.32 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e15.33 Polyether sulfone \u003cbr\u003e15.34 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.35 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e15.36 Polyethylene, chlorosulfonated \u003cbr\u003e15.37 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e15.38 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003e15.39 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e15.41 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e15.42 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e15.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e15.45 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e15.46 Polypyrrole \u003cbr\u003e15.47 Polystyrene \u0026amp; high impact \u003cbr\u003e15.48 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e15.49 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e15.50 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.51 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e15.52 Poly(vinyl acetate) \u003cbr\u003e15.53 Poly(vinyl alcohol) \u003cbr\u003e15.54 Poly(vinyl butyral) \u003cbr\u003e15.55 Poly(vinyl chloride) \u003cbr\u003e15.56 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e15.56.1 Natural rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.2 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.3 Polybutadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.4 Polybutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.5 Polychloroprene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.6 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.7 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.8 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.57 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e15.58 Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.59 Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropylene \u003cbr\u003e15.60 Unsaturated polyesters \u003cbr\u003e15.61 Vinylidene-fluoride terpolymers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 FILLER IN MATERIALS COMBINATIONS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Blends, alloys and interpenetrating networks \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Laminates \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 FORMULATION WITH FILLERS \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 FILLERS IN DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Calendering and hot-melt coating \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e18.7 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e18.8 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e18.9 Knife coating \u003cbr\u003e18.10 Mixing \u003cbr\u003e18.11 Pultrusion \u003cbr\u003e18.12 Reaction injection molding \u003cbr\u003e18.13 Resin transfer molding \u003cbr\u003e18.14 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e18.15 Sheet molding \u003cbr\u003e18.16 Spinning \u003cbr\u003e18.17 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e18.18 Welding and machining \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19 FILLERS IN DIFFERENT PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e19.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e19.2 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Automotive materials \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Bottles and containers \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Building components \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Business machines \u003cbr\u003e19.9 Cable and wire \u003cbr\u003e19.10 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e19.11 Coatings and paints \u003cbr\u003e19.12 Cosmetics and pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e19.13 Dental restorative composites \u003cbr\u003e19.14 Electrical and electronic materials \u003cbr\u003e19.15 Electromagnetic interference shielding \u003cbr\u003e19.16 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e19.17 Film \u003cbr\u003e19.18 Foam \u003cbr\u003e19.19 Food and feed \u003cbr\u003e19.20 Friction materials \u003cbr\u003e19.21 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e19.22 Hoses and pipes \u003cbr\u003e19.23 Magnetic devices \u003cbr\u003e19.24 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e19.25 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e19.26 Noise damping \u003cbr\u003e19.27 Optical devices \u003cbr\u003e19.28 Paper \u003cbr\u003e19.29 Radiation shields \u003cbr\u003e19.30 Railway transportation \u003cbr\u003e19.31 Roofing \u003cbr\u003e19.32 Telecommunication \u003cbr\u003e19.33 Tires \u003cbr\u003e19.34 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e19.35 Siding \u003cbr\u003e19.36 Sports equipment \u003cbr\u003e19.37 Waterproofing \u003cbr\u003e19.38 Windows \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 HAZARDS IN FILLER USE \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eINDEX\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:46-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:46-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2016","additives for plastics","best","book","calcium carbon","compounding of rubber","fillers additives","fillers and environment","flame retardanst for plastics","graphite","magnesium","mica","nanofillers","p-additives","particular fillers","physical properties","polymer","quality control","silica"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378374020,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Fillers, 4th Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-91-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-91-1.jpg?v=1499719932"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-91-1.jpg?v=1499719932","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":355725115485,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-91-1.jpg?v=1499719932"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-91-1.jpg?v=1499719932","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-91-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2016\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eFigures: 615\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTables: 190\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePages: 922\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFourth Edition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis handbook gives direct comparison of general purpose fillers (micron-size fillers) and nanofillers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOver 4,000 research papers, mostly published from 1994 to 2015 (over 1000 new papers in this edition), technical data from over 200 filler and equipment manufacturing companies, and patent literature were reviewed for this comprehensive handbook. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is designed to be single source of information for an experienced practitioner as well as a reference text for students and those new to the fields where fillers are used. The previous editions, used by very large number of readers, does not contain essential developments of extensive research on fillers in the last 10 years, especially related to nanofillers, graphene and other novelty products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFillers, in most applications, are no longer used as cost-saving additives but they add value to final products, and many products cannot be successfully designed without them. This reference book is a powerful tool for today’s challenges, which can only be met by those equipped with extensive information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book provides the information on three groups of relevant topics: available fillers and their properties, their effect on filled materials, and their use in practical applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne third of the book covers the grades of fillers available in the world market. Fillers are divided into 83 groups and their properties are analyzed to pinpoint properties, applications, and sources. The technical information is a synthesis of information on several thousand grades of fillers manufactured today. The morphology of fillers, in addition to the numerical and other data, is illustrated by over 200 SEM TEM, AFM micrographs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe second part of the handbook discusses the effects of filler incorporation. Ten chapters cover the mechanical properties of compounded materials, the effect of the filler on material rheology, the morphology of the filled system, the material durability, flammability and recycling, the structure of interphase, chemical interactions, interaction with and effect on other additives, fillers use in material combinations, and the analytical methods of testing fillers and filled materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe last part of the book is concerned with application of fillers on an industrial scale. Several chapters discuss filler transportation, storage, processing and equipment used for these purposes. Others deal with the quality control of fillers, formulation with fillers, different processing methods, groups of products, and health and safety issues. This part is designed to assist industrial engineers to evaluate advances in the processing technology. It is also invaluable for chemists who design formulations for industrial processes and students in chemical engineering who must learn how modern industry operates in practical applications. The handbook is invaluable for sales and marketing because it gives possibility of direct comparison of fillers and their potential use and contains all required information to position them in the marketplace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo summarize, major features of this handbook are:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Comprehensive review of literature\u003cbr\u003e• The most current information\u003cbr\u003e• Information required by scientists, engineers, marketing, sales, and students given in one source\u003cbr\u003e• All aspects of filler properties, effects, and application thoroughly reviewed\u003cbr\u003e• Contains all available information to make decision on what can be done by traditional fillers and where nanotechnology excels\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Expectations from fillers \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Typical filler properties \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Markets and trends \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 SOURCES OF FILLERS, THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES, AND MORPHOLOGY \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Particulate Fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Aluminum flakes and powders \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Aluminum borate whiskers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Aluminum nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Aluminum oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Aluminum trihydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.6 Anthracite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.7 Antimonate of sodium \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Antimony pentoxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.8 Antimony trioxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.10 Ammonium octamolybdate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.11 Apatite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.12 Ash, fly \u003cbr\u003e2.1.13 Attapulgite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.14 Barium metaborate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.15 Barium sulfate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.16 Barium \u0026amp; strontium sulfates \u003cbr\u003e2.1.17 Barium titanate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.18 Bentonite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.19 Beryllium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.20 Boron nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.21 Calcium carbonate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.22 Calcium fluoride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.23 Calcium hydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.24 Calcium phosphate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.25 Calcium silicate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.26 Calcium sulfate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.27 Carbon black \u003cbr\u003e2.1.28 Carbonyl iron powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.29 Cellulose particles \u003cbr\u003e2.1.30 Ceramic beads \u003cbr\u003e2.1.31 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e2.1.32 Clamshell powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.33 Clay \u003cbr\u003e2.1.34 Cobalt powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.35 Copper \u003cbr\u003e2.1.36 Corn cob powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.37 Cristobalite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.38 Diatomaceous earth \u003cbr\u003e2.1.39 Dolomite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.40 Eggshell filler \u003cbr\u003e2.1.41 Ferrites \u003cbr\u003e2.1.42 Feldspar \u003cbr\u003e2.1.43 Gandolinium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.44 Glass beads \u003cbr\u003e2.1.45 Gold \u003cbr\u003e2.1.46 Graphene \u003cbr\u003e2.1.47 Graphene oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.48 Graphite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.49 Ground tire powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.50 Halloysite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.51 Huntite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.52 Hydrous calcium silicate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.53 Illite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.54 Iron \u003cbr\u003e2.1.55 Iron oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.56 Kaolin \u003cbr\u003e2.1.57 Lead oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.58 Lithopone \u003cbr\u003e2.1.59 Magnesium oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.60 Magnesium hydroxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.61 Magnetite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.62 Metal-containing conductive materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1.63 Mica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.64 Molybdenum \u003cbr\u003e2.1.65 Molybdenum disulfide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.66 Molybdic oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.67 Nanofillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.68 Nickel \u003cbr\u003e2.1.69 Nickel oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.70 Nickel zinc ferrite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.71 Nutshell powder \u003cbr\u003e2.1.72 Perlite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.73 Polymeric fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.74 Potassium hexatitanate whiskers \u003cbr\u003e2.1.75 Pumice \u003cbr\u003e2.1.76 Pyrophyllite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.77 Rubber particles \u003cbr\u003e2.1.78 Sepiolite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79 Silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.1 Fumed silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.2 Fused silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.3 Precipitated silica \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.4 Quartz (Tripoli) \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.5 Sand \u003cbr\u003e2.1.79.6 Silica gel \u003cbr\u003e2.1.80 Silicon carbide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.81 Silicon nitride \u003cbr\u003e2.1.82 Silver powder and flakes \u003cbr\u003e2.1.83 Slate flour \u003cbr\u003e2.1.84 Talc \u003cbr\u003e2.1.85 Titanium dioxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.86 Tungsten \u003cbr\u003e2.1.87 Vermiculite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.88 Wollastonite \u003cbr\u003e2.1.89 Wood flour and similar materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1.90 Zeolites \u003cbr\u003e2.1.91 Zinc borate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.92 Zinc oxide \u003cbr\u003e2.1.93 Zinc stannate \u003cbr\u003e2.1.94 Zinc sulfide \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Aramid fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Carbon fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Carbon nanotubes \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Cellulose fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Glass fibers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Other fibers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 FILLERS TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, AND PROCESSING \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Filler packaging \u003cbr\u003e3.2 External transportation \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Filler receiving \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Storage \u003cbr\u003e3.5 In-plant conveying \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Semi-bulk unloading systems \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Bag handling equipment \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Blending \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Feeding \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Drying \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 QUALITY CONTROL OF FILLERS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Absorption coefficient \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Acidity or alkalinity of water extract \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Ash content \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Brightness \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Coarse particles \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Color \u003cbr\u003e4.7 CTAB surface area \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Density \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Extractables \u003cbr\u003e4.11 Fines content \u003cbr\u003e4.12 Heating loss \u003cbr\u003e4.13 Heat stability \u003cbr\u003e4.14 Hegman fineness \u003cbr\u003e4.15 Hiding power \u003cbr\u003e4.16 Iodine absorption number \u003cbr\u003e4.17 Lightening power of white pigments \u003cbr\u003e4.18 Loss on ignition \u003cbr\u003e4.19 Mechanical and related properties \u003cbr\u003e4.20 Oil absorption \u003cbr\u003e4.21 Particle size \u003cbr\u003e4.22 Pellet strength \u003cbr\u003e4.23 pH \u003cbr\u003e4.24 Resistance to light \u003cbr\u003e4.25 Resistivity of aqueous extract \u003cbr\u003e4.26 Sieve residue \u003cbr\u003e4.27 Soluble matter \u003cbr\u003e4.28 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e4.29 Sulfur content \u003cbr\u003e4.30 Tamped volume \u003cbr\u003e4.31 Tinting strength \u003cbr\u003e4.32 Volatile matter \u003cbr\u003e4.33 Water content \u003cbr\u003e4.34 Water-soluble sulfates, chlorides and nitrates \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLERS AND FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Density \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Particle size \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Particle size distribution \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Particle shape \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Particle surface morphology and roughness \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Porosity \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Particle-particle interaction and spacing \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Agglomerates \u003cbr\u003e5.10 Aggregates and structure \u003cbr\u003e5.11 Flocculation and sedimentation \u003cbr\u003e5.12 Aspect ratio \u003cbr\u003e5.13 Packing volume \u003cbr\u003e5.14 pH \u003cbr\u003e5.15 Zeta-potential \u003cbr\u003e5.16 Surface energy \u003cbr\u003e5.17 Moisture \u003cbr\u003e5.18 Absorption of liquids and swelling \u003cbr\u003e5.19 Permeability and barrier properties \u003cbr\u003e5.20 Oil absorption \u003cbr\u003e5.21 Hydrophilic\/hydrophobic properties \u003cbr\u003e5.22 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e5.23 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e5.24 Friction properties \u003cbr\u003e5.25 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.26 Intumescent properties \u003cbr\u003e5.27 Thermal conductivity \u003cbr\u003e5.28 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e5.29 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e5.30 Melting temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.31 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.32 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e5.33 Relative permittivity \u003cbr\u003e5.34 Electrical percolation \u003cbr\u003e5.35 EMI shielding \u003cbr\u003e5.36 Magnetic properties \u003cbr\u003e5.37 Shape memory \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLERS AND FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Reactivity \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Chemical groups on the filler surface \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Filler surface modification \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Filler modification and material properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Resistance to various chemicals \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Cure in fillers presence \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Polymerization in fillers presence \u003cbr\u003e6.8 Grafting \u003cbr\u003e6.9 Crosslink density \u003cbr\u003e6.10 Reaction kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.11 Molecular mobility \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 ORGANIZATION OF INTERFACE AND MATRIX CONTAINING FILLERS \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Particle distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Orientation of filler particles in a matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Voids \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Matrix-filler interaction \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Chemical interactions \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Other interactions \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Interphase organization \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Interfacial adhesion \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Interphase thickness \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Filler-chain links \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Chain dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Bound rubber \u003cbr\u003e7.13 Debonding \u003cbr\u003e7.14 Mechanisms of reinforcement \u003cbr\u003e7.15 Benefits of organization on molecular level \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 THE EFFECT OF FILLERS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Tensile strength and elongation \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Tensile yield stress \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Mullins’ effect \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Elastic modulus \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Flexural strength and modulus \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Impact resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Tear strength \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Compressive strength \u003cbr\u003e8.10 Fracture resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.11 Wear \u003cbr\u003e8.12 Friction \u003cbr\u003e8.13 Abrasion \u003cbr\u003e8.14 Scratch resistance \u003cbr\u003e8.15 Fatigue \u003cbr\u003e8.16 Failure \u003cbr\u003e8.17 Adhesion \u003cbr\u003e8.18 Thermal deformation \u003cbr\u003e8.19 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e8.20 Warpage \u003cbr\u003e8.21 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e8.22 Load transfer \u003cbr\u003e8.23 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e8.24 \u003cbr\u003eCreep \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 THE EFFECT OF FILLERS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Flow \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Flow induced filler particle orientation \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Torque \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Viscoelasticity \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Dynamic mechanical behavior \u003cbr\u003e9.7 Complex viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.8 Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.9 Elongational viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.10 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e9.11 Yield value \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 MORPHOLOGY OF FILLED SYSTEMS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Crystallization behavior \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Nucleation \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Crystal size \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Spherulites \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Transcrystallinity \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Orientation \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 EFFECT OF FILLERS ON EPOSURE TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Irradiation \u003cbr\u003e11.2 UV radiation \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Liquids and vapors \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Stabilization \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Degradable materials \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 FLAMMABILITY OF FILLED MATERIALS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Limiting oxygen index \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Ignition and flame spread rate \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Heat transmission rate \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Decomposition and combustion \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Emission of gaseous components \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Smoke \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Char \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Recycling \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON PERFORMANCE OF OTHER ADDITIVES AND VICE VERSA \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesion promoters \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Antistatics \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Blowing agents \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Compatibilizers \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coupling agents \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Dispersing agents and surface active agents \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e13.10 UV stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Other additives \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14 TESTING METHODS IN FILLED SYSTEMS \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Physical methods \u003cbr\u003e14.1.1 Atomic force microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.2 Autoignition test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.3 Bound rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.1.4 Char formation \u003cbr\u003e14.1.5 Cone calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e14.1.6 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e14.1.7 Dispersing agent requirement \u003cbr\u003e14.1.8 Dispersion tests \u003cbr\u003e14.1.9 Dripping test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.10 Dynamic mechanical analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.11 Electric constants determination \u003cbr\u003e14.1.12 Electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.13 Fiber orientation \u003cbr\u003e14.1.14 Flame propagation test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.15 Glow wire test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.16 Image analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.17 Limiting oxygen index \u003cbr\u003e14.1.18 Magnetic properties \u003cbr\u003e14.1.19 Optical microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.20 Particle size analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.1.21 Radiant panel test \u003cbr\u003e14.1.22 Rate of combustion \u003cbr\u003e14.1.23 Scanning acoustic microscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.1.24 Smoke chamber \u003cbr\u003e14.1.25 Sonic methods \u003cbr\u003e14.1.26 Specific surface area \u003cbr\u003e14.1.27 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Chemical and instrumental analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2.1 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e14.2.2 Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis \u003cbr\u003e14.2.3 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e14.2.4 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e14.2.5 Gel content \u003cbr\u003e14.2.6 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.2.7 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e14.2.8 UV and visible spectophotometry \u003cbr\u003e14.2.9 X-ray analysis \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 FILLERS IN COMMERCIAL POLYMERS \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Aliphatic polyketone \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Bismaleimide \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Ethylene-ethyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.14 Ethylene-propylene copolymers \u003cbr\u003e15.15 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e15.16 Liquid crystalline polymers \u003cbr\u003e15.17 Perfluoroalkoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e15.18 Phenolic resins \u003cbr\u003e15.19 Poly(acrylic acid) \u003cbr\u003e15.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e15.21 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e15.22 Polyamideimide \u003cbr\u003e15.23 Polyamines \u003cbr\u003e15.24 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e15.25 Polyaryletherketone \u003cbr\u003e15.26 Poly(butylene succinate) \u003cbr\u003e15.27 Poly(butylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003e15.28 Polycaprolactone \u003cbr\u003e15.29 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e15.30 Polydicyclopentadiene \u003cbr\u003e15.31 Polyetheretherketone \u003cbr\u003e15.32 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e15.33 Polyether sulfone \u003cbr\u003e15.34 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.35 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e15.36 Polyethylene, chlorosulfonated \u003cbr\u003e15.37 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e15.38 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003e15.39 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e15.41 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e15.42 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e15.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e15.45 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e15.46 Polypyrrole \u003cbr\u003e15.47 Polystyrene \u0026amp; high impact \u003cbr\u003e15.48 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e15.49 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e15.50 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e15.51 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e15.52 Poly(vinyl acetate) \u003cbr\u003e15.53 Poly(vinyl alcohol) \u003cbr\u003e15.54 Poly(vinyl butyral) \u003cbr\u003e15.55 Poly(vinyl chloride) \u003cbr\u003e15.56 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e15.56.1 Natural rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.2 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.3 Polybutadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.4 Polybutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.56.5 Polychloroprene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.6 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.7 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e15.56.8 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e15.57 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e15.58 Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e15.59 Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropylene \u003cbr\u003e15.60 Unsaturated polyesters \u003cbr\u003e15.61 Vinylidene-fluoride terpolymers \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16 FILLER IN MATERIALS COMBINATIONS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Blends, alloys and interpenetrating networks \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Laminates \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17 FORMULATION WITH FILLERS \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18 FILLERS IN DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Calendering and hot-melt coating \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e18.7 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e18.8 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e18.9 Knife coating \u003cbr\u003e18.10 Mixing \u003cbr\u003e18.11 Pultrusion \u003cbr\u003e18.12 Reaction injection molding \u003cbr\u003e18.13 Resin transfer molding \u003cbr\u003e18.14 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e18.15 Sheet molding \u003cbr\u003e18.16 Spinning \u003cbr\u003e18.17 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e18.18 Welding and machining \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19 FILLERS IN DIFFERENT PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e19.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e19.2 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Automotive materials \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Bottles and containers \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Building components \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Business machines \u003cbr\u003e19.9 Cable and wire \u003cbr\u003e19.10 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e19.11 Coatings and paints \u003cbr\u003e19.12 Cosmetics and pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e19.13 Dental restorative composites \u003cbr\u003e19.14 Electrical and electronic materials \u003cbr\u003e19.15 Electromagnetic interference shielding \u003cbr\u003e19.16 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e19.17 Film \u003cbr\u003e19.18 Foam \u003cbr\u003e19.19 Food and feed \u003cbr\u003e19.20 Friction materials \u003cbr\u003e19.21 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e19.22 Hoses and pipes \u003cbr\u003e19.23 Magnetic devices \u003cbr\u003e19.24 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e19.25 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e19.26 Noise damping \u003cbr\u003e19.27 Optical devices \u003cbr\u003e19.28 Paper \u003cbr\u003e19.29 Radiation shields \u003cbr\u003e19.30 Railway transportation \u003cbr\u003e19.31 Roofing \u003cbr\u003e19.32 Telecommunication \u003cbr\u003e19.33 Tires \u003cbr\u003e19.34 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e19.35 Siding \u003cbr\u003e19.36 Sports equipment \u003cbr\u003e19.37 Waterproofing \u003cbr\u003e19.38 Windows \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20 HAZARDS IN FILLER USE \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eINDEX\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Handbook of Material W...
$350.00
{"id":384220299295,"title":"Handbook of Material Weathering 6th Edition","handle":"handbook-of-material-weathering","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-31-4\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2018\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 972+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 807\u003cbr\u003eTables: 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe 6th edition of Handbook of Material Weathering contains a systematic update of knowledge generated in more than last 25 years since the 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c\/sup\u003e edition was published. For example, in the last 5 years, more than 8,000 new papers (30 new papers per week) have been published on the material weathering, some of them having high importance for the weathering studies.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information required for the professional use has been growing so rapidly that additional books had to be written to accommodate essential knowledge for implementation in technological processes used to manufacture products, which deteriorate on exposure to weathering stress factors (see more information on these titles in Preface).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis edition contains 22 chapters, which can be divided into the following groups:\u003cbr\u003e• Theory (photophysics and photochemistry)\u003cbr\u003e• Stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements in assessment of weathering conditions, and climatic conditions)\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, weathering cycles, sample preparation, weathering data interpretation, lifetime prediction, and artificial weathering versus natural exposure)\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of testing of weathered samples (effect of weathering on material properties and testing methods of weathered specimens)\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of polymers (data on 52 most important polymers, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal history, characteristic changes in properties with graphical illustrations, and tables with numerical data)\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of products (data on 42 groups of industrial products, including their required durability, lifetime expectation, relevant degradation mechanisms, and characteristic changes with graphical illustrations)\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of additives on weathering (12 groups of additives are discussed)\u003cbr\u003e• The most popular UV stabilizers, biocides, and preservatives used in protection of polymers, plastics and rubbers and the general principles of degradation, biodeterioration, and stabilization\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of environmental stress cracking (parameters controlling ESC, mechanisms, methods of testing, and effect on materials)\u003cbr\u003e• Specific topics (suitability of weathered materials for recycling, interrelation between corrosion and weathering, and methods of study and prevention of deterioration of historical monuments made out of stone)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above information is based on the thorough review of published papers, patents, and other relevant sources updated by the most recent data and information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe set of monographic sources (see more information in Preface below) was prepared for research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products, and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials. The books are used by regulating agencies and patent and litigating attorneys. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering is now used in more than 100 countries. It should be pointed out that many readers still use the earlier editions (as seen from the numerous citations) which lack the current information or even, more detrimental, contain outdated information which has been superseded by the more recent findings. In this fast-growing field, the access to the most recent information cannot be overemphasized. For this very reason, a new edition of this book is prepared every five years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003ePreface\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first edition of this book was published by ChemTec Publishing in 1990. The book had 18 chapters and 518 pages filled with the most up-to-date information on the subject of material weathering available in 1990.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsidering the size of the book and typesetting, the present edition is at least 3 times larger, in spite of the fact that two chapters were omitted from the fourth edition: Chapter 17. Stabilization and Stabilizers and Chapter 18. Biodegradation. Even without these, two chapters the 5th edition was larger than the previous 4th edition. The reason is quite obvious - the field is systematically growing with new data, methods, and discoveries happening every day. The 6th edition is updated by all new data and publications to produce a monograph containing all recent advances.\u003cbr\u003eIn response to requests by some users and changes in the available volume of the book by the printer (1200 pages can now be printed in one volume). The above mentioned two chapters are included in the 6th edition in their original form as they were published in the 4th edition. Information in these two chapters in most parts reflects the general understanding in these two areas of research and gives some general information on the subject. At the same time, it has to be pointed out that this field (especially biocides) changes very rapidly, therefore, several books are now available containing the up-to-date information in the following monographic sources:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 2nd Ed. by Falkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-87-4\u003cbr\u003eThe book contains 11 chapters each devoted to essential aspects related to biodegradation and biostabilization of materials and products. The comprehensive source of fundamental information and data is based on thousands of papers, patents, and information from biocide manufacturers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Biocides, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-89-8\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Biocides contains data on the selection of the most important biocides in use today. The selection includes biocides, which are approved for use in the European Union and the USA by the current regulations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Preservatives, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-90-4\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Preservatives contains data on preservatives used for products during storage and use. The following groups are included in the book: film preservatives, wood preservatives, fiber, leather, rubber and polymerized materials preservatives, construction material preservatives, preservatives for liquid cooling and processing systems, slimicides, and working or cutting fluid preservatives.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization 2nd Ed., by Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-86-7\u003cbr\u003eThe first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization, ever published in the English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV-related phenomena occurring when polymeric materials are exposed to UV radiation. Over 50 polymers and rubbers and 38 groups of final products, which use the majority of UV stabilizers, are discussed including methods of stabilization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, 2nd Ed., Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2017, ISBN 978-1-927885-25-3\u003cbr\u003eThis book was written to emphasize the importance of the material structure in photodegradation and photostabilization and also to account for the morphological changes which occur when materials degrade. This book makes the narrative of material degradation more comprehensive, showing new ways to deal with unstable materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of UV Stabilizers, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-88-1\u003cbr\u003eThe databook contains information on the most frequently used UV stabilizers. The information on each stabilizer included in the Databook of UV Stabilizers is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI hope that the information provided in the present edition of Handbook of Materials Weathering and these six books will help readers to advance their studies on particular subjects of their research and that the results of these studies will be implemented in the future editions of these books, since we try to report all most current developments to foster future discoveries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eToronto, 2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:02-04:00","created_at":"2017-12-21T15:48:09-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2018","additive","additives","adhesion","best","book","filler","fillers","methods of weathering","polymer","polymers","weathering"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":5105855004703,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Material Weathering 6th Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-927885-31-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-31-4.jpg?v=1513889938"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-31-4.jpg?v=1513889938","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":730932936797,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-31-4.jpg?v=1513889938"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-927885-31-4.jpg?v=1513889938","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-927885-31-4\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2018\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 972+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 807\u003cbr\u003eTables: 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe 6th edition of Handbook of Material Weathering contains a systematic update of knowledge generated in more than last 25 years since the 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c\/sup\u003e edition was published. For example, in the last 5 years, more than 8,000 new papers (30 new papers per week) have been published on the material weathering, some of them having high importance for the weathering studies.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information required for the professional use has been growing so rapidly that additional books had to be written to accommodate essential knowledge for implementation in technological processes used to manufacture products, which deteriorate on exposure to weathering stress factors (see more information on these titles in Preface).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis edition contains 22 chapters, which can be divided into the following groups:\u003cbr\u003e• Theory (photophysics and photochemistry)\u003cbr\u003e• Stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements in assessment of weathering conditions, and climatic conditions)\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, weathering cycles, sample preparation, weathering data interpretation, lifetime prediction, and artificial weathering versus natural exposure)\u003cbr\u003e• Methods of testing of weathered samples (effect of weathering on material properties and testing methods of weathered specimens)\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of polymers (data on 52 most important polymers, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal history, characteristic changes in properties with graphical illustrations, and tables with numerical data)\u003cbr\u003e• Weathering of products (data on 42 groups of industrial products, including their required durability, lifetime expectation, relevant degradation mechanisms, and characteristic changes with graphical illustrations)\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of additives on weathering (12 groups of additives are discussed)\u003cbr\u003e• The most popular UV stabilizers, biocides, and preservatives used in protection of polymers, plastics and rubbers and the general principles of degradation, biodeterioration, and stabilization\u003cbr\u003e• Effect of environmental stress cracking (parameters controlling ESC, mechanisms, methods of testing, and effect on materials)\u003cbr\u003e• Specific topics (suitability of weathered materials for recycling, interrelation between corrosion and weathering, and methods of study and prevention of deterioration of historical monuments made out of stone)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe above information is based on the thorough review of published papers, patents, and other relevant sources updated by the most recent data and information. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe set of monographic sources (see more information in Preface below) was prepared for research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products, and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials. The books are used by regulating agencies and patent and litigating attorneys. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering is now used in more than 100 countries. It should be pointed out that many readers still use the earlier editions (as seen from the numerous citations) which lack the current information or even, more detrimental, contain outdated information which has been superseded by the more recent findings. In this fast-growing field, the access to the most recent information cannot be overemphasized. For this very reason, a new edition of this book is prepared every five years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003ePreface\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first edition of this book was published by ChemTec Publishing in 1990. The book had 18 chapters and 518 pages filled with the most up-to-date information on the subject of material weathering available in 1990.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsidering the size of the book and typesetting, the present edition is at least 3 times larger, in spite of the fact that two chapters were omitted from the fourth edition: Chapter 17. Stabilization and Stabilizers and Chapter 18. Biodegradation. Even without these, two chapters the 5th edition was larger than the previous 4th edition. The reason is quite obvious - the field is systematically growing with new data, methods, and discoveries happening every day. The 6th edition is updated by all new data and publications to produce a monograph containing all recent advances.\u003cbr\u003eIn response to requests by some users and changes in the available volume of the book by the printer (1200 pages can now be printed in one volume). The above mentioned two chapters are included in the 6th edition in their original form as they were published in the 4th edition. Information in these two chapters in most parts reflects the general understanding in these two areas of research and gives some general information on the subject. At the same time, it has to be pointed out that this field (especially biocides) changes very rapidly, therefore, several books are now available containing the up-to-date information in the following monographic sources:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 2nd Ed. by Falkiewicz-Dulik, M, Janda, K, and Wypych, G., ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-87-4\u003cbr\u003eThe book contains 11 chapters each devoted to essential aspects related to biodegradation and biostabilization of materials and products. The comprehensive source of fundamental information and data is based on thousands of papers, patents, and information from biocide manufacturers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Biocides, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-89-8\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Biocides contains data on the selection of the most important biocides in use today. The selection includes biocides, which are approved for use in the European Union and the USA by the current regulations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Preservatives, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-90-4\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Preservatives contains data on preservatives used for products during storage and use. The following groups are included in the book: film preservatives, wood preservatives, fiber, leather, rubber and polymerized materials preservatives, construction material preservatives, preservatives for liquid cooling and processing systems, slimicides, and working or cutting fluid preservatives.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization 2nd Ed., by Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-86-7\u003cbr\u003eThe first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization, ever published in the English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV-related phenomena occurring when polymeric materials are exposed to UV radiation. Over 50 polymers and rubbers and 38 groups of final products, which use the majority of UV stabilizers, are discussed including methods of stabilization.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAtlas of Material Damage, 2nd Ed., Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2017, ISBN 978-1-927885-25-3\u003cbr\u003eThis book was written to emphasize the importance of the material structure in photodegradation and photostabilization and also to account for the morphological changes which occur when materials degrade. This book makes the narrative of material degradation more comprehensive, showing new ways to deal with unstable materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of UV Stabilizers, Wypych, A; Wypych, G, ChemTec Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-1-895198-88-1\u003cbr\u003eThe databook contains information on the most frequently used UV stabilizers. The information on each stabilizer included in the Databook of UV Stabilizers is divided into five sections: General information, Physical properties, Health and safety, Ecological properties, and Use \u0026amp; Performance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI hope that the information provided in the present edition of Handbook of Materials Weathering and these six books will help readers to advance their studies on particular subjects of their research and that the results of these studies will be implemented in the future editions of these books, since we try to report all most current developments to foster future discoveries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003eToronto, 2017\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Handbook of Material W...
$400.00
{"id":8325740429469,"title":"Handbook of Material Weathering 7th Edition","handle":"handbook-of-material-weathering-7th-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e978-1-77467-058-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: Jan 2025\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 1024+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 830\u003cbr\u003eTables: 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eThe 7th edition of the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is a comprehensive and systematic update of knowledge related to material weathering. It has been continuously revised and expanded to include the most recent advancements and discoveries in the field. The update is crucial because the field of material weathering has been evolving rapidly, with a substantial increase in research output in recent times.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eSome key highlights of the 7th edition are:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eExtensive Research: Over the last 35 years since the 1st edition, there has been a substantial increase in research in material weathering. Recently, more than 2000 new papers have been published yearly on polymer weathering, amounting to an average of about 40 new papers per week. This reflects the growing interest and importance of weathering studies in various industries and scientific communities\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eExpanding Knowledge\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The rapidly growing information required for professional use in material weathering has led to the need for additional books to accommodate essential knowledge. This indicates the increasing complexity and depth of research in the field and the need to address new challenges and applications. This is addressed by two new books that are published this year in addition to the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e, each concentrating on a separate, significant subject: \u003cb\u003eWeathering. Testing Manual\u003c\/b\u003e that concentrates on standardized and emerging test methods and \u003cb\u003eEncyclopedia of Polymer Degradation\u003c\/b\u003e that departs from the classical treatment of weathering towards chemistry-based protection of environmental impact of waste-generating, degrading materials. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eChapters and Topics\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The 7th edition of the Handbook contains 22 chapters that cover various aspects of material weathering. These chapters can be categorized into groups, such as theory (photophysics and photochemistry), stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements, and climatic conditions), methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, sample preparation, etc.), and specific topics like weathering of polymers and products, the effect of additives, UV stabilizers, environmental stress cracking, and more. The table of contents below contains more details.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eGlobal Reach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is utilized in more than 100 countries, emphasizing its importance and relevance on an international scale. The book is valuable for research chemists, material scientists, manufacturers, quality controllers, and students seeking to apply their knowledge to real-world materials.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eTimely Updates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: Access to the most recent information in the field is crucial, as older editions might contain outdated information or need more current advancements. Therefore, a new edition is prepared to ensure that readers have access to the most up-to-date and relevant information.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eOverall, the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is a valuable resource for professionals and researchers involved in material science, photochemistry, and related fields. It helps bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications, aiding in developing durable and weather-resistant materials and products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e1 Photophysics \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Nature of radiation \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Absorption of radiation by materials \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Fate and utilization of absorbed energy \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Radiative processes involving dimers \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Modeling and photophysical data \u003cbr\u003e2 Photochemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Typical routes of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Photochemical reactivity and quantum yield \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Excitation of excited state \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Parameters of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quenchers and photosensitizers \u003cbr\u003e3 Parameters of Exposure \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Water \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Atmosphere composition \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biological substances \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Water pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Stress \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Cooperative action of different parameters \u003cbr\u003e4 Measurements in Assessment of Weathering Conditions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Time of wetness \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Rain \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5 Climatic Conditions \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precipitation \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Wetness time \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Surface soiling \u003cbr\u003e6 Methods of Outdoor Exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Climatic conditions and degradation rate \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Variability of weather conditions and its impact on the strategy in outdoor exposures \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of specimen properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Typical methods of outdoor exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Other parameters of exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Relevant Standards \u003cbr\u003e7 Laboratory Degradation Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Light sources \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Filters \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Radiation: delivery, monitoring, and control \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Temperature control \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Humidity control \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specimen spraying \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Specimen racks and holders \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Weathering equipment \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Correlation between different devices \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Precision of studies \u003cbr\u003e8 Weathering Cycles \u003cbr\u003e9 Sample Preparation \u003cbr\u003e10 Weathering Data Interpretation. Lifetime Prediction \u003cbr\u003e11 Artificial Weathering Versus Natural Exposure \u003cbr\u003e12 Effect of Weathering on Material Properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Mass loss \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Depth of degradation \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Changes in color and optical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Surface changes \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Chemical composition of surface and bulk \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Morphology and structure of surface layers \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e12.10 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e13 Testing Methods of Weathered Specimen \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visual evaluation \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Imaging techniques \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Color changes \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Visible Spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.7 UV spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Infrared spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Near-infrared spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Nuclear magnetic resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Mass spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and phosphorescence \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Atomic absorption spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.17 WAXS and SAXS \u003cbr\u003e13.18 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS \u003cbr\u003e13.19 X-ray microtomography \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Mass change \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Density \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Diffusion of gasses and water transport in polymers \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Ultrasonic measurements \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Rheological properties of materials \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Other physical parameters \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Flexural strength \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Impact strength \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Creep and constant strain tests \u003cbr\u003e13.34 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e13.35 Scratch and mar resistance \u003cbr\u003e13.36 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.37 Surface roughness \u003cbr\u003e13.38 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e13.39 Gas and liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e13.40 Titrimetry \u003cbr\u003e13.41 Dehydrochlorination rate \u003cbr\u003e13.42 Gel fraction \u003cbr\u003e13.43 Oxygen uptake \u003cbr\u003e13.44 Water absorption, porosity \u003cbr\u003e13.45 Microorganism growth test \u003cbr\u003e13.46 Environmental stress cracking resistance \u003cbr\u003e14 Data on Specific Polymers \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ABS \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate, ASA \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Acrylic resins \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Cellulose \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, EVAc \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Melamine resins \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Phenoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e14.16 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e14.17 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e14.18 Polycarbonates \u003cbr\u003e14.19 Polyesters \u003cbr\u003e14.20 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.21 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e14.22 Poly(ethylene glycol) \u003cbr\u003e14.23 Polyfluorene \u003cbr\u003e14.24 Polyimides \u003cbr\u003e14.25 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr\u003e14.26 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e14.27 Polyoxyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.28 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.29 Poly(phenylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e14.30 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e14.31 Poly(-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr\u003e14.32 Poly(-phenylene vinylene) \u003cbr\u003e14.33 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e14.34 Polystyrenes \u003cbr\u003e14.35 Polysulfones \u003cbr\u003e14.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.37 Polythiophene \u003cbr\u003e14.38 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e14.39 Poly(vinyl alcohol) \u003cbr\u003e14.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e14.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) \u003cbr\u003e14.42 Poly(vinyl methyl ether) \u003cbr\u003e14.43 Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e14.44 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e14.45 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e14.46 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e15 Effect of Additives on Weathering \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Fillers and reinforcing fibers \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Solvents and diluents \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Thermal stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Antimicrobial additives \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Curatives, crosslinkers, initiators \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Compatibilizer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Impurities \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Summary \u003cbr\u003e16 Weathering of Compounded Products \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Automotive parts \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Automotive coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e16.8 Coil-coated materials \u003cbr\u003e16.9 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.10 Concrete \u003cbr\u003e16.11 Conservation \u003cbr\u003e16.12 Construction materials \u003cbr\u003e16.13 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e16.14 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e16.15 Electronics and electrical materials \u003cbr\u003e16.16 Environmental pollutants \u003cbr\u003e16.17 Foams \u003cbr\u003e16.18 Food \u003cbr\u003e16.19 Gel coats \u003cbr\u003e16.20 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e16.21 Glass and glazing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.22 Greenhouse film \u003cbr\u003e16.23 Hair \u003cbr\u003e16.24 Laminates \u003cbr\u003e16.25 Medical equipment and supplies \u003cbr\u003e16.26 Military applications \u003cbr\u003e16.27 Molded materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28 Packaging materials \u003cbr\u003e16.29 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.30 Pavements \u003cbr\u003e16.31 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e16.32 Pipes and tubing \u003cbr\u003e16.33 Pulp and paper \u003cbr\u003e16.34 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.35 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e16.36 Sheet \u003cbr\u003e16.37 Siding \u003cbr\u003e16.38 Solar cells and collectors \u003cbr\u003e16.39 Textiles \u003cbr\u003e16.40 Windows \u003cbr\u003e16.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e16.42 Wood \u003cbr\u003e17 Stabilization and Stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Limiting the incoming radiation \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Deactivation of excited states and free radicals \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Elimination of singlet oxygen, peroxide decomposition, and limiting oxidative changes \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Defect removal \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Stability of UV stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e17.6 Distribution of UV absorber \u003cbr\u003e17.7 Stabilizer entrapment and interaction \u003cbr\u003e17.8 Protective coatings \u003cbr\u003e17.9 Examples of stabilization technology \u003cbr\u003e18 Biodegradation \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Biodegradation environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Enzymatic reactions \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Biodegradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Biocides \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Controlled biodegradation \u003cbr\u003e19 Recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.1 Effect of degradation on recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.2 Re-stabilization of material for recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Multilayer materials \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Removable paint \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Chemical recycling \u003cbr\u003e20 Environmental Stress Cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Parameters controlling ESC \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Mechanisms of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Kinetics of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.5 Effect of ESC on material durability \u003cbr\u003e20.6 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003e21 Interrelation Between Corrosion and Weathering \u003cbr\u003e22 Weathering of Stones \u003cbr\u003eIndex \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 48 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2024-06-12T09:42:22-04:00","created_at":"2024-06-12T09:34:49-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2025","additive","additives","adhesion","best","book","filler","fillers","methods of weathering","new","polymer","polymers","weathering"],"price":40000,"price_min":40000,"price_max":40000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":45528733253789,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":null,"requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Material Weathering 7th Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":40000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-77467-058-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670583-Case_137bd831-26b8-4035-ac2a-5b74baaad589.jpg?v=1718199666"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670583-Case_137bd831-26b8-4035-ac2a-5b74baaad589.jpg?v=1718199666","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":29565566976157,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.713,"height":450,"width":321,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670583-Case_137bd831-26b8-4035-ac2a-5b74baaad589.jpg?v=1718199666"},"aspect_ratio":0.713,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670583-Case_137bd831-26b8-4035-ac2a-5b74baaad589.jpg?v=1718199666","width":321}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e978-1-77467-058-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: Jan 2025\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 1024+x\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 830\u003cbr\u003eTables: 66\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eThe 7th edition of the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is a comprehensive and systematic update of knowledge related to material weathering. It has been continuously revised and expanded to include the most recent advancements and discoveries in the field. The update is crucial because the field of material weathering has been evolving rapidly, with a substantial increase in research output in recent times.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eSome key highlights of the 7th edition are:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eExtensive Research: Over the last 35 years since the 1st edition, there has been a substantial increase in research in material weathering. Recently, more than 2000 new papers have been published yearly on polymer weathering, amounting to an average of about 40 new papers per week. This reflects the growing interest and importance of weathering studies in various industries and scientific communities\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eExpanding Knowledge\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The rapidly growing information required for professional use in material weathering has led to the need for additional books to accommodate essential knowledge. This indicates the increasing complexity and depth of research in the field and the need to address new challenges and applications. This is addressed by two new books that are published this year in addition to the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e, each concentrating on a separate, significant subject: \u003cb\u003eWeathering. Testing Manual\u003c\/b\u003e that concentrates on standardized and emerging test methods and \u003cb\u003eEncyclopedia of Polymer Degradation\u003c\/b\u003e that departs from the classical treatment of weathering towards chemistry-based protection of environmental impact of waste-generating, degrading materials. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eChapters and Topics\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The 7th edition of the Handbook contains 22 chapters that cover various aspects of material weathering. These chapters can be categorized into groups, such as theory (photophysics and photochemistry), stress factors (parameters of exposure, measurements, and climatic conditions), methods of weathering (laboratory degradation studies, sample preparation, etc.), and specific topics like weathering of polymers and products, the effect of additives, UV stabilizers, environmental stress cracking, and more. The table of contents below contains more details.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eGlobal Reach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: The \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is utilized in more than 100 countries, emphasizing its importance and relevance on an international scale. The book is valuable for research chemists, material scientists, manufacturers, quality controllers, and students seeking to apply their knowledge to real-world materials.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eTimely Updates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003e: Access to the most recent information in the field is crucial, as older editions might contain outdated information or need more current advancements. Therefore, a new edition is prepared to ensure that readers have access to the most up-to-date and relevant information.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-CA\"\u003eOverall, the \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Material Weathering\u003c\/b\u003e is a valuable resource for professionals and researchers involved in material science, photochemistry, and related fields. It helps bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications, aiding in developing durable and weather-resistant materials and products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003e1 Photophysics \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Nature of radiation \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Absorption of radiation by materials \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Fate and utilization of absorbed energy \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Radiative processes involving dimers \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Modeling and photophysical data \u003cbr\u003e2 Photochemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Typical routes of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Photochemical reactivity and quantum yield \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Excitation of excited state \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Parameters of photochemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Quenchers and photosensitizers \u003cbr\u003e3 Parameters of Exposure \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Water \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Atmosphere composition \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Biological substances \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Water pollutants \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Stress \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Cooperative action of different parameters \u003cbr\u003e4 Measurements in Assessment of Weathering Conditions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Time of wetness \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Rain \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5 Climatic Conditions \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Radiation \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Sunshine duration \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precipitation \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Relative humidity \u003cbr\u003e5.7 Wetness time \u003cbr\u003e5.8 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e5.9 Surface soiling \u003cbr\u003e6 Methods of Outdoor Exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Climatic conditions and degradation rate \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Variability of weather conditions and its impact on the strategy in outdoor exposures \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of specimen properties \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Typical methods of outdoor exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Other parameters of exposure \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Relevant Standards \u003cbr\u003e7 Laboratory Degradation Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Light sources \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Filters \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Radiation: delivery, monitoring, and control \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Temperature control \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Humidity control \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specimen spraying \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Specimen racks and holders \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Weathering equipment \u003cbr\u003e7.10 Correlation between different devices \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Pollutants \u003cbr\u003e7.12 Precision of studies \u003cbr\u003e8 Weathering Cycles \u003cbr\u003e9 Sample Preparation \u003cbr\u003e10 Weathering Data Interpretation. Lifetime Prediction \u003cbr\u003e11 Artificial Weathering Versus Natural Exposure \u003cbr\u003e12 Effect of Weathering on Material Properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Mass loss \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Depth of degradation \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Changes in color and optical properties \u003cbr\u003e12.5 Surface changes \u003cbr\u003e12.6 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e12.7 Chemical composition of surface and bulk \u003cbr\u003e12.8 Morphology and structure of surface layers \u003cbr\u003e12.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e12.10 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e13 Testing Methods of Weathered Specimen \u003cbr\u003e13.1 Visual evaluation \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Imaging techniques \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Color changes \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Visible Spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.7 UV spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Infrared spectrophotometry \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Near-infrared spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Raman spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Nuclear magnetic resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Electron spin resonance \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Mass spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and phosphorescence \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Atomic absorption spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e13.17 WAXS and SAXS \u003cbr\u003e13.18 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS \u003cbr\u003e13.19 X-ray microtomography \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Mass change \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Density \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Contact angle \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Diffusion of gasses and water transport in polymers \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Ultrasonic measurements \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Thermal analysis \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Rheological properties of materials \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Other physical parameters \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Flexural strength \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Impact strength \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Creep and constant strain tests \u003cbr\u003e13.34 Residual stress \u003cbr\u003e13.35 Scratch and mar resistance \u003cbr\u003e13.36 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e13.37 Surface roughness \u003cbr\u003e13.38 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e13.39 Gas and liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e13.40 Titrimetry \u003cbr\u003e13.41 Dehydrochlorination rate \u003cbr\u003e13.42 Gel fraction \u003cbr\u003e13.43 Oxygen uptake \u003cbr\u003e13.44 Water absorption, porosity \u003cbr\u003e13.45 Microorganism growth test \u003cbr\u003e13.46 Environmental stress cracking resistance \u003cbr\u003e14 Data on Specific Polymers \u003cbr\u003e14.1 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ABS \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate, ASA \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Alkyd resins \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Acrylic resins \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Cellulose \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Epoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, EVAc \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Melamine resins \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Phenoxy resins \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e14.16 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e14.17 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e14.18 Polycarbonates \u003cbr\u003e14.19 Polyesters \u003cbr\u003e14.20 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.21 Polyethylene, chlorinated \u003cbr\u003e14.22 Poly(ethylene glycol) \u003cbr\u003e14.23 Polyfluorene \u003cbr\u003e14.24 Polyimides \u003cbr\u003e14.25 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr\u003e14.26 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e14.27 Polyoxyethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.28 Polyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.29 Poly(phenylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e14.30 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e14.31 Poly(-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr\u003e14.32 Poly(-phenylene vinylene) \u003cbr\u003e14.33 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e14.34 Polystyrenes \u003cbr\u003e14.35 Polysulfones \u003cbr\u003e14.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003e14.37 Polythiophene \u003cbr\u003e14.38 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e14.39 Poly(vinyl alcohol) \u003cbr\u003e14.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e14.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) \u003cbr\u003e14.42 Poly(vinyl methyl ether) \u003cbr\u003e14.43 Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer \u003cbr\u003e14.44 Silicones \u003cbr\u003e14.45 Polymer blends \u003cbr\u003e14.46 Rubbers \u003cbr\u003e15 Effect of Additives on Weathering \u003cbr\u003e15.1 Fillers and reinforcing fibers \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Solvents and diluents \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Flame retardants \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Impact modifiers \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Thermal stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Antimicrobial additives \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Curatives, crosslinkers, initiators \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Catalysts \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Compatibilizer \u003cbr\u003e15.12 Impurities \u003cbr\u003e15.13 Summary \u003cbr\u003e16 Weathering of Compounded Products \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Adhesives \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Appliances \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Automotive parts \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Automotive coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e16.8 Coil-coated materials \u003cbr\u003e16.9 Composites \u003cbr\u003e16.10 Concrete \u003cbr\u003e16.11 Conservation \u003cbr\u003e16.12 Construction materials \u003cbr\u003e16.13 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e16.14 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e16.15 Electronics and electrical materials \u003cbr\u003e16.16 Environmental pollutants \u003cbr\u003e16.17 Foams \u003cbr\u003e16.18 Food \u003cbr\u003e16.19 Gel coats \u003cbr\u003e16.20 Geosynthetics \u003cbr\u003e16.21 Glass and glazing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.22 Greenhouse film \u003cbr\u003e16.23 Hair \u003cbr\u003e16.24 Laminates \u003cbr\u003e16.25 Medical equipment and supplies \u003cbr\u003e16.26 Military applications \u003cbr\u003e16.27 Molded materials \u003cbr\u003e16.28 Packaging materials \u003cbr\u003e16.29 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e16.30 Pavements \u003cbr\u003e16.31 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e16.32 Pipes and tubing \u003cbr\u003e16.33 Pulp and paper \u003cbr\u003e16.34 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e16.35 Sealants \u003cbr\u003e16.36 Sheet \u003cbr\u003e16.37 Siding \u003cbr\u003e16.38 Solar cells and collectors \u003cbr\u003e16.39 Textiles \u003cbr\u003e16.40 Windows \u003cbr\u003e16.41 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e16.42 Wood \u003cbr\u003e17 Stabilization and Stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Limiting the incoming radiation \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Deactivation of excited states and free radicals \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Elimination of singlet oxygen, peroxide decomposition, and limiting oxidative changes \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Defect removal \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Stability of UV stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e17.6 Distribution of UV absorber \u003cbr\u003e17.7 Stabilizer entrapment and interaction \u003cbr\u003e17.8 Protective coatings \u003cbr\u003e17.9 Examples of stabilization technology \u003cbr\u003e18 Biodegradation \u003cbr\u003e18.1 Biodegradation environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Enzymatic reactions \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Biodegradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Biocides \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003e18.6 Controlled biodegradation \u003cbr\u003e19 Recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.1 Effect of degradation on recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.2 Re-stabilization of material for recycling \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Multilayer materials \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Removable paint \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Chemical recycling \u003cbr\u003e20 Environmental Stress Cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.1 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Parameters controlling ESC \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Mechanisms of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Kinetics of environmental stress cracking \u003cbr\u003e20.5 Effect of ESC on material durability \u003cbr\u003e20.6 Methods of testing \u003cbr\u003e21 Interrelation Between Corrosion and Weathering \u003cbr\u003e22 Weathering of Stones \u003cbr\u003eIndex \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 48 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}