Recycling

Description Author: Eyerer, Peter (Ed.) ISBN 978-3-540-88416-3 432 p., Hardcover Summary Since their first industrial use polymers have gained a tremendous success. The two volumes of "Polymers - Opportunities and Risks" elaborate on both their potentials and on the impact on the environment arising from their production and applications. Volume 11 "Polymers - Opportunities and Risks...

$310.00

{"id":11242244228,"title":"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I","handle":"978-3-540-88416-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eyerer, Peter (Ed.) \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-3-540-88416-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e432 p., Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nSince their first industrial use polymers have gained a tremendous success. The two volumes of \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks\" elaborate on both their potentials and on the impact on the environment arising from their production and applications. Volume 11 \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I: General and Environmental Aspects\" is dedicated to the basics of the engineering of polymers – always with a view to possible environmental implications. Topics include: materials, processing, designing, surfaces, the utilization phase, recycling, and depositing. Volume 12 \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks II: Sustainability, Product Design and Processing\" highlights raw materials and renewable polymers, sustainability, additives for manufacture and processing, melt modification, biodegradation, adhesive technologies, and solar applications. All contributions were written by leading experts with substantial practical experience in their fields. They are an invaluable source of information not only for scientists but also for environmental managers and decision makers.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nClassification, characterization and economic data.- Synthesis (manufacture, production) of plastics.- Properties of plastics in structural components.- Processing (primary forming) of plastics into structural components.- Secondary forming of plastics structural components – thermoforming.- Chances and risks involved in designing structural components made of polymers.- Chances and (in particular) risks of use (utilization phase) of plastic structural components.- Plastics and structural components – the environment and recycling.- Perspectives - polymer engineering.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:56-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:56-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2010","applications of polymers","basic polymers","book","depositing","environmental risks","general","plastics","polymer engineering","processing","recycling","surface","sustainability of polymer products"],"price":31000,"price_min":31000,"price_max":31000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378448068,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":31000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-3-540-88416-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-88416-3.jpg?v=1499953110"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-88416-3.jpg?v=1499953110","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358552797277,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-88416-3.jpg?v=1499953110"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-88416-3.jpg?v=1499953110","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eyerer, Peter (Ed.) \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-3-540-88416-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e432 p., Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nSince their first industrial use polymers have gained a tremendous success. The two volumes of \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks\" elaborate on both their potentials and on the impact on the environment arising from their production and applications. Volume 11 \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks I: General and Environmental Aspects\" is dedicated to the basics of the engineering of polymers – always with a view to possible environmental implications. Topics include: materials, processing, designing, surfaces, the utilization phase, recycling, and depositing. Volume 12 \"Polymers - Opportunities and Risks II: Sustainability, Product Design and Processing\" highlights raw materials and renewable polymers, sustainability, additives for manufacture and processing, melt modification, biodegradation, adhesive technologies, and solar applications. All contributions were written by leading experts with substantial practical experience in their fields. They are an invaluable source of information not only for scientists but also for environmental managers and decision makers.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nClassification, characterization and economic data.- Synthesis (manufacture, production) of plastics.- Properties of plastics in structural components.- Processing (primary forming) of plastics into structural components.- Secondary forming of plastics structural components – thermoforming.- Chances and risks involved in designing structural components made of polymers.- Chances and (in particular) risks of use (utilization phase) of plastic structural components.- Plastics and structural components – the environment and recycling.- Perspectives - polymer engineering."}

Plastics Waste - Feedstock Recycling, Chemical Recycling and Incineration

Description Author: Arnold Tukker, TNO ISBN 978-1-85957-331-0 pages: 110, figures: 3, tables: 5 Summary Protection of our environment is now a global priority and legislation is being introduced in regions such as the European Union to ensure that material usage is maximised. Much of the development work has been pioneered in Germany which introduced very strict...

$144.00

{"id":11242216644,"title":"Plastics Waste - Feedstock Recycling, Chemical Recycling and Incineration","handle":"978-1-85957-331-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Arnold Tukker, TNO \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-331-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 110, figures: 3, tables: 5\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nProtection of our environment is now a global priority and legislation is being introduced in regions such as the European Union to ensure that material usage is maximised. Much of the development work has been pioneered in Germany which introduced very strict recycling laws. This report examines the issue of converting Plastics Waste into energy and\/or useful chemicals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymers are generally derived from fossil fuels which are being gradually depleted. Much plastic material is discarded as waste, such as packaging and end-of-life vehicle components. It is essential that we find means to preserve fossil fuels and to reuse materials in some form. Life cycle analysis is being performed on the different methods of disposing of waste plastics to discover the most environmentally friendly methods. Mechanical recycling is often discussed but it is limited by the need to separate and clean used plastics prior to recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report introduces the different waste management options. It discusses the methods available for treating mixed plastics waste and PVC-rich plastics waste. PVC can cause problems in some processes due to the chlorine content, which can cause corrosion of equipment and potentially generate hazardous gas on combustion. The emphasis in this report is on technologies which are already being used or assessed for use on a commercial scale. Comparisons are made between the different types of recycling currently available in terms of life cycle assessment and environmental impact.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe EU draft directive on Packaging waste includes definitions of the types of recycling. Chemical recycling implies a change of the chemical structure of the material, but in such a way that the resulting chemicals can be used to produce the original material again. Such processes include monomer recover. There are few commercial techniques available which accomplish this, one outstanding example is nylon carpet recycling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFeedstock recycling is discussed extensively in this review. It is defined as a change in the chemical structure of the material, where the resulting chemicals are used for another purpose than producing the original material. Methods have been developed including the Texaco gasification process, polymer cracking, the BASF conversion process, the Veba Combi cracking process, BSL incineration process, the Akzo Nobel steam gasification process, the Linde gasification process, the NKT pyrolysis process and pressurised fixed bed gasification from SVZ. Typical feedstocks generated include synthesis gas, containing mainly CO and H2. By-products such as chlorides are generally sold on for other processes and slag can be used in applications such as a building. The energy released during these processes is generally used or recovered.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlternatives to feedstock recycling include cement kilns (energy recovery), the Solvay Vinyloop PVC-recovery process, mechanical recycling, landfill and municipal solid waste incinerators (energy recovery). These processes are briefly discussed and compared to feedstock recycling as methods of disposing of plastics wastes. The commercial viability of each process is examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers in the Rapra Polymer Library. This selection includes references to feedstock and chemical recycling, but also methods of energy recovery and the Vinyloop process.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Plastics Waste Recycling: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e3 Feedstock Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Texaco Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Polymer Cracking Process (Consortium Project)\u003cbr\u003e3.4 The BASF Conversion Process\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Use of Mixed Plastic Waste in Blast Furnaces\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Veba Combi Cracking Process\u003cbr\u003e3.7 SVZ Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4 Feedstock Recycling of PVC-Rich Waste\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 BSL Incineration Process\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Akzo Nobel Steam Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Linde Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4.5 NKT Pyrolysis Process\u003cbr\u003e5 Dedicated Chemical Recycling for Specific Plastics\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 PET\u003cbr\u003e5.3 PUR\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Nylon from Carpets\u003cbr\u003e6 Other Treatment Options for Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Alternatives to Feedstock Recycling\u003cbr\u003e6.2 The Vinyloop PVC-Recovery Process\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Cement Kilns (Energy Recovery)\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (with Energy Recovery)\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Mechanical Recycling and Landfill\u003cbr\u003e7 Pros and Cons of the Different Treatment Routes\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Discussion of Environmental Effects\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Discussion of Economic Aspects\u003cbr\u003e8 Overall Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Arnold Tukker is a manager at TNO, Netherlands and a chemist by training. He has published widely in the field of eco-efficiency and waste management, with reports for the EU among others on topics such as PVC waste management. His focus is on practical, applied solutions to problems rather than theoretical research.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:30-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:30-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","book","conversion","cracking","feedstock recycling","gasification","management","plastics","polymer","process","recycling","reports","rubber","scrap","tires","waste"],"price":14400,"price_min":14400,"price_max":14400,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378358724,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Plastics Waste - Feedstock Recycling, Chemical Recycling and Incineration","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14400,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-331-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-331-0.jpg?v=1499914128"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-331-0.jpg?v=1499914128","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358548537437,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-331-0.jpg?v=1499914128"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-331-0.jpg?v=1499914128","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Arnold Tukker, TNO \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-331-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 110, figures: 3, tables: 5\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nProtection of our environment is now a global priority and legislation is being introduced in regions such as the European Union to ensure that material usage is maximised. Much of the development work has been pioneered in Germany which introduced very strict recycling laws. This report examines the issue of converting Plastics Waste into energy and\/or useful chemicals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymers are generally derived from fossil fuels which are being gradually depleted. Much plastic material is discarded as waste, such as packaging and end-of-life vehicle components. It is essential that we find means to preserve fossil fuels and to reuse materials in some form. Life cycle analysis is being performed on the different methods of disposing of waste plastics to discover the most environmentally friendly methods. Mechanical recycling is often discussed but it is limited by the need to separate and clean used plastics prior to recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report introduces the different waste management options. It discusses the methods available for treating mixed plastics waste and PVC-rich plastics waste. PVC can cause problems in some processes due to the chlorine content, which can cause corrosion of equipment and potentially generate hazardous gas on combustion. The emphasis in this report is on technologies which are already being used or assessed for use on a commercial scale. Comparisons are made between the different types of recycling currently available in terms of life cycle assessment and environmental impact.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe EU draft directive on Packaging waste includes definitions of the types of recycling. Chemical recycling implies a change of the chemical structure of the material, but in such a way that the resulting chemicals can be used to produce the original material again. Such processes include monomer recover. There are few commercial techniques available which accomplish this, one outstanding example is nylon carpet recycling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFeedstock recycling is discussed extensively in this review. It is defined as a change in the chemical structure of the material, where the resulting chemicals are used for another purpose than producing the original material. Methods have been developed including the Texaco gasification process, polymer cracking, the BASF conversion process, the Veba Combi cracking process, BSL incineration process, the Akzo Nobel steam gasification process, the Linde gasification process, the NKT pyrolysis process and pressurised fixed bed gasification from SVZ. Typical feedstocks generated include synthesis gas, containing mainly CO and H2. By-products such as chlorides are generally sold on for other processes and slag can be used in applications such as a building. The energy released during these processes is generally used or recovered.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlternatives to feedstock recycling include cement kilns (energy recovery), the Solvay Vinyloop PVC-recovery process, mechanical recycling, landfill and municipal solid waste incinerators (energy recovery). These processes are briefly discussed and compared to feedstock recycling as methods of disposing of plastics wastes. The commercial viability of each process is examined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers in the Rapra Polymer Library. This selection includes references to feedstock and chemical recycling, but also methods of energy recovery and the Vinyloop process.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Plastics Waste Recycling: An Overview\u003cbr\u003e3 Feedstock Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Texaco Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e3.3 The Polymer Cracking Process (Consortium Project)\u003cbr\u003e3.4 The BASF Conversion Process\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Use of Mixed Plastic Waste in Blast Furnaces\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Veba Combi Cracking Process\u003cbr\u003e3.7 SVZ Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4 Feedstock Recycling of PVC-Rich Waste\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 BSL Incineration Process\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Akzo Nobel Steam Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Linde Gasification Process\u003cbr\u003e4.5 NKT Pyrolysis Process\u003cbr\u003e5 Dedicated Chemical Recycling for Specific Plastics\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 PET\u003cbr\u003e5.3 PUR\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Nylon from Carpets\u003cbr\u003e6 Other Treatment Options for Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Alternatives to Feedstock Recycling\u003cbr\u003e6.2 The Vinyloop PVC-Recovery Process\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Cement Kilns (Energy Recovery)\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (with Energy Recovery)\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Mechanical Recycling and Landfill\u003cbr\u003e7 Pros and Cons of the Different Treatment Routes\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Discussion of Environmental Effects\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Discussion of Economic Aspects\u003cbr\u003e8 Overall Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Arnold Tukker is a manager at TNO, Netherlands and a chemist by training. He has published widely in the field of eco-efficiency and waste management, with reports for the EU among others on topics such as PVC waste management. His focus is on practical, applied solutions to problems rather than theoretical research."}

Plastics and the Environment

Description Author: Eleanor Garmson and Frances Gardiner ISBN 978-1-84735-491-4 Pages: 142, Hard cover Summary This multi-authored book - from some of the leading researchers and practitioners on this topic - is a distinctive look at how to maximize profitability through environmental compliance in the plastics supply chain, a topic of great and ever-growing interest in the...

$165.00

{"id":11242239364,"title":"Plastics and the Environment","handle":"978-1-84735-491-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eleanor Garmson and Frances Gardiner \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-491-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 142, Hard cover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis multi-authored book - from some of the leading researchers and practitioners on this topic - is a distinctive look at how to maximize profitability through environmental compliance in the plastics supply chain, a topic of great and ever-growing interest in the industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis distinguished assembly of authors from across the global - and from both industry and academia - provides the reader with a distinctive perspective on this topic. Plastics and the Environment provide readers with a look into the environmental issues of plastics products throughout the complete product lifecycle - from material selection to product design to recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTopics covered include Plastics Materials and Sustainability, Environmental Design for Plastics Products, Energy Efficiency, Plastics, Recycling and Technology, and Life Cycle Assessment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Developments in Polymer Technology Driven by the Need for Sustainability\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 What Drives Developments Forward?\u003cbr\u003e1.3 How can we save the World?\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Getting the Science Right\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Legislation and Design\u003cbr\u003e1.6 New Materials\u003cbr\u003e1.7 New Processes\u003cbr\u003e1.8 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 A Medium Voltage Switchgear Mechanism which is Insensitive to its Environment \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Selection of the Most Appropriate Material\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Design of a New Range of Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Environmental Studies\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Material Balance Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.6 LCA18\u003cbr\u003e2.7 Conclusion.20\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 From Industrial Polymerisation Wastes to High Valued Material: Interfacial Agents for Polymer Blends and Composites based on Chemically Modified Atactic\u003cbr\u003ePolypropylenes\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Chemical Modification \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Role in Heterogeneous Materials Based on Polymers \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Conclusions and Perspectives \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Energy Efficiency Index for Plastic Processing Machines \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Aim and Benefits of the Energy Efficiency Label\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Definition of Energy Efficiency Labels\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Label Development Process\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Define the Kind of Label: Which Type of Label do we Need?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Form a Project Team: Who should be Involved in the Label Development Process? Which Steps have to be Done and When?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Definition of the Product Groups: Which Product Groups\/Segments can be Defined and Considered Together?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Definition of Criteria: Which Efficiency Criterion can be used for the Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Developing Measurement Standards: How to Measure the Energy Consumption of the Product?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.6 Calculate the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) How to Define an EEI?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.7 Classification of Energy Classes: How Can Products be Classified?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.8 Label Design: How the Label is Designed and which Information is Included?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.9 Energy Measurements: How to Provide Data for the Definition of the Measurement Standard and the Definition of the Energy Classes?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.10 Energy Efficiency Improvement: What are Possible Improvement Strategies for a Higher Energy Class?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.11 Label Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.4.12 Label Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Example: Plastic Extrusion Machines\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 Label Definition and Project Team\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Label Development\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Energy Efficiency Criteria \u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Energy Measurement and Measurement Standard\u003cbr\u003e4.5.5 Energy Efficiency Index\u003cbr\u003e4.5.6 Energy Efficiency Classes\u003cbr\u003e4.5.7 Label Design\u003cbr\u003e4.5.8 Market Introduction and Communication\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Product Improvement and Ecodesign\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Comparative Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Wood and Plastic Lumber Railway Sleepers in Brazil and Germany \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Railway Sleepers Market\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Scope Definition and Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Functional Unit\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Intended Audience \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Product Systems and System Boundaries \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Data Collection\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Results \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Scenario Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Brazilian Case\u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 German Case\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Discussions and Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Perfect Sorting Solutions for Packaging Recycling \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Post-consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Through the Ages \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Bottle Sorting, the First Step in the Recycling Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Quality Improvement and Decontamination during the Flake Washing and Sorting Process \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Bottle to Bottle Recycling - The Ecological Alternative \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 UK Household Plastic Packaging Collection Survey 2009\u003cbr\u003e7.1 UK Household Plastics Packaging Recycling Survey Background\u003cbr\u003e7.2 UK Plastic Packaging Consumption Statistics\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Household Plastic Packaging Recycling Rates in 2008\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plastic Bottle Collection Infrastructure Summary\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Bring Scheme Performance\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Kerbside Scheme Performance\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Reported Perceptions of Running Plastic Bottle Collections\u003cbr\u003e7.8 Collection of Non Bottle Plastics Packaging for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.9 Sale of Material\u003cbr\u003e7.10 Planned Developments\u003cbr\u003e7.10.1 Bring Schemes \u003cbr\u003e7.10.2 Kerbside Schemes \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Development of Non Bottle Plastics Packaging Collections\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Vinyl 2010: Experience and Perspectives in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sustainable Development\u003cbr\u003e8.1 PVC: Strengths and Concerns\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The Vinyl 2010 Initiative\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Vinyl 2010: Foundation, Structure, and Organisation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Commitments \u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.2 Plasticisers \u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.3 Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.4 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Activities and Achievements of Vinyl 2010 \u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.1 Collection and Recycling for Specific Applications \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.2 Mixed PVC Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.3 Recovinyl\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.4 Mechanical Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.5 Feedstock Recycling\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.6 Energy Recovery\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.7 PVC Waste Statistics\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.8 Partnership with Local Authorities\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.9 Other Partnerships\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Lessons Learnt\u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Additives\u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Recycling Technologies\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Future Challenges \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:41-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:41-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2010","book","carbon footprint","composites","environment","life cycle assessment","plastic processing machines","plastics","polymer blends","Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)","recycling"],"price":16500,"price_min":16500,"price_max":16500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378432644,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Plastics and the Environment","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":16500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-84735-491-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-491-4.jpg?v=1499725851"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-491-4.jpg?v=1499725851","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358534905949,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-491-4.jpg?v=1499725851"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-491-4.jpg?v=1499725851","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eleanor Garmson and Frances Gardiner \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-491-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 142, Hard cover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis multi-authored book - from some of the leading researchers and practitioners on this topic - is a distinctive look at how to maximize profitability through environmental compliance in the plastics supply chain, a topic of great and ever-growing interest in the industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis distinguished assembly of authors from across the global - and from both industry and academia - provides the reader with a distinctive perspective on this topic. Plastics and the Environment provide readers with a look into the environmental issues of plastics products throughout the complete product lifecycle - from material selection to product design to recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTopics covered include Plastics Materials and Sustainability, Environmental Design for Plastics Products, Energy Efficiency, Plastics, Recycling and Technology, and Life Cycle Assessment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Developments in Polymer Technology Driven by the Need for Sustainability\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 What Drives Developments Forward?\u003cbr\u003e1.3 How can we save the World?\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Getting the Science Right\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Legislation and Design\u003cbr\u003e1.6 New Materials\u003cbr\u003e1.7 New Processes\u003cbr\u003e1.8 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 A Medium Voltage Switchgear Mechanism which is Insensitive to its Environment \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Selection of the Most Appropriate Material\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Design of a New Range of Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Environmental Studies\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Material Balance Analysis\u003cbr\u003e2.6 LCA18\u003cbr\u003e2.7 Conclusion.20\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 From Industrial Polymerisation Wastes to High Valued Material: Interfacial Agents for Polymer Blends and Composites based on Chemically Modified Atactic\u003cbr\u003ePolypropylenes\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Chemical Modification \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Role in Heterogeneous Materials Based on Polymers \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Conclusions and Perspectives \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Energy Efficiency Index for Plastic Processing Machines \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Aim and Benefits of the Energy Efficiency Label\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Definition of Energy Efficiency Labels\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Label Development Process\u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Define the Kind of Label: Which Type of Label do we Need?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Form a Project Team: Who should be Involved in the Label Development Process? Which Steps have to be Done and When?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Definition of the Product Groups: Which Product Groups\/Segments can be Defined and Considered Together?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Definition of Criteria: Which Efficiency Criterion can be used for the Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Developing Measurement Standards: How to Measure the Energy Consumption of the Product?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.6 Calculate the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) How to Define an EEI?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.7 Classification of Energy Classes: How Can Products be Classified?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.8 Label Design: How the Label is Designed and which Information is Included?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.9 Energy Measurements: How to Provide Data for the Definition of the Measurement Standard and the Definition of the Energy Classes?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.10 Energy Efficiency Improvement: What are Possible Improvement Strategies for a Higher Energy Class?\u003cbr\u003e4.4.11 Label Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.4.12 Label Monitoring\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Example: Plastic Extrusion Machines\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 Label Definition and Project Team\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Label Development\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Energy Efficiency Criteria \u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Energy Measurement and Measurement Standard\u003cbr\u003e4.5.5 Energy Efficiency Index\u003cbr\u003e4.5.6 Energy Efficiency Classes\u003cbr\u003e4.5.7 Label Design\u003cbr\u003e4.5.8 Market Introduction and Communication\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Product Improvement and Ecodesign\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Summary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Comparative Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Wood and Plastic Lumber Railway Sleepers in Brazil and Germany \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Waste Management System\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Railway Sleepers Market\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Scope Definition and Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Functional Unit\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Intended Audience \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Product Systems and System Boundaries \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Data Collection\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Results \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Brazil\u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Germany\u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Scenario Analysis\u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Brazilian Case\u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 German Case\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Discussions and Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Perfect Sorting Solutions for Packaging Recycling \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Post-consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Through the Ages \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Bottle Sorting, the First Step in the Recycling Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Quality Improvement and Decontamination during the Flake Washing and Sorting Process \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Bottle to Bottle Recycling - The Ecological Alternative \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 UK Household Plastic Packaging Collection Survey 2009\u003cbr\u003e7.1 UK Household Plastics Packaging Recycling Survey Background\u003cbr\u003e7.2 UK Plastic Packaging Consumption Statistics\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Household Plastic Packaging Recycling Rates in 2008\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plastic Bottle Collection Infrastructure Summary\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Bring Scheme Performance\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Kerbside Scheme Performance\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Reported Perceptions of Running Plastic Bottle Collections\u003cbr\u003e7.8 Collection of Non Bottle Plastics Packaging for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.9 Sale of Material\u003cbr\u003e7.10 Planned Developments\u003cbr\u003e7.10.1 Bring Schemes \u003cbr\u003e7.10.2 Kerbside Schemes \u003cbr\u003e7.11 Development of Non Bottle Plastics Packaging Collections\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Vinyl 2010: Experience and Perspectives in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sustainable Development\u003cbr\u003e8.1 PVC: Strengths and Concerns\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The Vinyl 2010 Initiative\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Vinyl 2010: Foundation, Structure, and Organisation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Commitments \u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.2 Plasticisers \u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.3 Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2.4 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Activities and Achievements of Vinyl 2010 \u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Plasticisers\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.1 Collection and Recycling for Specific Applications \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.2 Mixed PVC Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.3 Recovinyl\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.4 Mechanical Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.5 Feedstock Recycling\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.6 Energy Recovery\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.7 PVC Waste Statistics\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.8 Partnership with Local Authorities\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4.9 Other Partnerships\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Lessons Learnt\u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Manufacturing\u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Additives\u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Recycling Technologies\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Future Challenges \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}

Plastics and the Environment

Description Author: I. Boustead ISBN 978-1-85957-016-6 110 pages, softbound Summary The plastics industry, like most others, was slow to respond to environmental pressures. Partly as a consequence of this it now faces irrational prejudices and demands which may lead to inappropriate decisions in response to undoubtedly real problems. Plastics possess some special characteristics but most of...

$72.00

{"id":11242256004,"title":"Plastics and the Environment","handle":"978-1-85957-016-6","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: I. Boustead \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-016-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e110 pages, softbound\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe plastics industry, like most others, was slow to respond to environmental pressures. Partly as a consequence of this it now faces irrational prejudices and demands which may lead to inappropriate decisions in response to undoubtedly real problems. Plastics possess some special characteristics but most of the potential environmental problems and their solutions are common to other materials and industries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review considers their environmental impact in terms of industrial systems (e.g. eco-profile and life-cycle systems) and looks at energy consumption and recovery, as well as recycling. It is supported by an extensive bibliography compiled from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:32-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:32-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1994","book","energy consumption","environment","plastic","plastics","recovery","recycling"],"price":7200,"price_min":7200,"price_max":7200,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378496580,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Plastics and the Environment","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":7200,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-016-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-016-6.jpg?v=1499725948"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-016-6.jpg?v=1499725948","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358535528541,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-016-6.jpg?v=1499725948"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-016-6.jpg?v=1499725948","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: I. Boustead \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-016-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e110 pages, softbound\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe plastics industry, like most others, was slow to respond to environmental pressures. Partly as a consequence of this it now faces irrational prejudices and demands which may lead to inappropriate decisions in response to undoubtedly real problems. Plastics possess some special characteristics but most of the potential environmental problems and their solutions are common to other materials and industries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review considers their environmental impact in terms of industrial systems (e.g. eco-profile and life-cycle systems) and looks at energy consumption and recovery, as well as recycling. It is supported by an extensive bibliography compiled from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}

Introduction to Plastics Recycling, 2nd Edition

Description Author: Vannessa Goodship ISBN 978-1-84735-078-7 Soft-backed, 173 pages Summary Although recycling has a long history, it is only relatively recently that environmental protection and waste management issues have come to the forefront of both public and political awareness. Outside the fields of expertise, generally little is known about either plastics or their recyclability. As in...

$120.00

{"id":11242216068,"title":"Introduction to Plastics Recycling, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-84735-078-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Vannessa Goodship \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-078-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoft-backed, 173 pages\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAlthough recycling has a long history, it is only relatively recently that environmental protection and waste management issues have come to the forefront of both public and political awareness. Outside the fields of expertise, generally little is known about either plastics or their recyclability. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs in the successful first edition, this book provides straightforward information on plastic materials and technology, including the options for recycling plastics, with a special focus on mechanical recycling. It touches on all the major problems associated with recovering and recycling plastics at a level intended to be accessible to any reader with an interest in this field, whatever their background. It also looks at some of the broader issues surrounding successful waste management of plastics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis new edition reflects the great strides that have been made to increase recycling rates worldwide in recent years. It considers the expansion of infrastructure in the UK to support plastic recycling and major achievements that have been made in gaining widespread public support and participation for recycling schemes; specifically the need to manage waste on an individual household level. Current issues surrounding council recycling of plastic bottles, and the practice of providing free plastic carrier bags by supermarkets, are also considered. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiopolymers are expected to have a major impact on plastic markets in the future and therefore some of the issues of biodegradability versus recycling are expanded in this second edition, as is the wider context of life cycle analysis and legislation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey features...\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear, easy to understand text\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWritten for a broad audience both within and outside the polymer industry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood introduction to plastic materials and technology with useful illustrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains recycling terminology, technology, and material quality issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUp-to-date information on the plastics recycling infrastructure and recent developments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nReviewed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the 1st Edition\u003cbr\u003e\"...This book has been well written and great care is taken to make the information accessible. The lucid style and numerous internet based references should help any reader explore a promising area, and should, by design, lead to many returns.\" \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProf Roger C Hiorns \u003cbr\u003e[DOI: 10.1002\/pi.1471] \u003cbr\u003e2004 Society of Chemical Industry. Polymer International 0959–8103\/2004\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Back to Basics\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Polymers \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Thermoplastics \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Polyolefins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e2.4 The Formulation of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Why Does Recyclate Always Seem to be Black? \u003cbr\u003e2.6 What Are Recyclates Used For? \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. The Effects of Processing on Thermoplastics\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Heat \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Physical and Chemical Changes \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Assessing Property Deterioration Caused by Repeated Cycling by Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Short-Term Mechanical Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Tensile Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Impact Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Tensile and Impact Testing of Recycled Expanded Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Why Plastics Need to be Sorted \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Reprocessing of Thermoplastic Recyclates\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Recycling Techniques \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Size Reduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Washing \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Identification and Sorting of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Agglomeration \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Processing Techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Compounding \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Single-Screw Extruders \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Twin-Screw Extruders \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Co-Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Supply Chains for Compounds \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Waste During the Injection Moulding Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Co-Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Extrusion Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Injection Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Weld Lines \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Film Blowing \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Compression Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.8 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e6.9 Processes for Incorporating Mixed Plastic Waste \u003cbr\u003e6.9.1 Intrusion Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.9.2 Transfer Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.9.3 Sinter Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.10 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e6.11 Case Study: Plastic Lumber \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Additives for Recyclates\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Degradation of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Restabilisation of Recyclates \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Testing the Effects of Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Processing Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Heat Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 Light Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e7.5.1 Thermal Stabilisation \u003cbr\u003e7.5.2 Light Stabilisation \u003cbr\u003e7.5.3 Additive Combinations for Specific Purposes \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Modifying the Properties of Plastics Through Incorporation of Miscellaneous Additives \u003cbr\u003e7.6.1 Degradable Plastics \u003cbr\u003e7.6.2 Compatibilisers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Other Methods of Recycling and Waste Disposal Options\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e8.1 The Case of Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Chemical Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Thermal Conversion Technologies \u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Pyrolysis \u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Hydrogenation \u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Gasification \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Energy Recovery \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Creation of a Recycling and Recovery Infrastructure for Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e9.1 Development \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Design for Disassembly and Recycling \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Developing Recyclate Markets \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Logistics \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Quality \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Education \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. The Problem in Perspective: Europe\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Case Study: Packaging \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Integrated Product Policy \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002\/96\/EC \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELV) 200\/53\/EC \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Rise of the Biopolymers: Recycling versus Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms \u003cbr\u003eGlossary \u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Vannessa Goodship is a Senior Research Fellow at The University of Warwick. She worked in the plastics industry for fourteen years prior to working at Warwick and has acted as coordinator for the UK Polymer Recycling Network. She has now worked in the field of polymer processing for over twenty-four years and has published work on a variety of plastic related subjects.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:28-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:28-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2007","additives","biopolymers","book","plastics","polymer","processing","recycling","reprocessing","thermoplastics","waste disposal"],"price":12000,"price_min":12000,"price_max":12000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378356036,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Introduction to Plastics Recycling, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":[],"featured_image":null,"options":["Title"],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Vannessa Goodship \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-078-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSoft-backed, 173 pages\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAlthough recycling has a long history, it is only relatively recently that environmental protection and waste management issues have come to the forefront of both public and political awareness. Outside the fields of expertise, generally little is known about either plastics or their recyclability. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs in the successful first edition, this book provides straightforward information on plastic materials and technology, including the options for recycling plastics, with a special focus on mechanical recycling. It touches on all the major problems associated with recovering and recycling plastics at a level intended to be accessible to any reader with an interest in this field, whatever their background. It also looks at some of the broader issues surrounding successful waste management of plastics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis new edition reflects the great strides that have been made to increase recycling rates worldwide in recent years. It considers the expansion of infrastructure in the UK to support plastic recycling and major achievements that have been made in gaining widespread public support and participation for recycling schemes; specifically the need to manage waste on an individual household level. Current issues surrounding council recycling of plastic bottles, and the practice of providing free plastic carrier bags by supermarkets, are also considered. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiopolymers are expected to have a major impact on plastic markets in the future and therefore some of the issues of biodegradability versus recycling are expanded in this second edition, as is the wider context of life cycle analysis and legislation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey features...\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClear, easy to understand text\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWritten for a broad audience both within and outside the polymer industry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood introduction to plastic materials and technology with useful illustrations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplains recycling terminology, technology, and material quality issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUp-to-date information on the plastics recycling infrastructure and recent developments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nReviewed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the 1st Edition\u003cbr\u003e\"...This book has been well written and great care is taken to make the information accessible. The lucid style and numerous internet based references should help any reader explore a promising area, and should, by design, lead to many returns.\" \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProf Roger C Hiorns \u003cbr\u003e[DOI: 10.1002\/pi.1471] \u003cbr\u003e2004 Society of Chemical Industry. Polymer International 0959–8103\/2004\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Back to Basics\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Polymers \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Thermoplastics \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Polyolefins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Polyamides \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e2.4 The Formulation of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Why Does Recyclate Always Seem to be Black? \u003cbr\u003e2.6 What Are Recyclates Used For? \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. The Effects of Processing on Thermoplastics\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Heat \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Physical and Chemical Changes \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Assessing Property Deterioration Caused by Repeated Cycling by Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Short-Term Mechanical Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Tensile Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Impact Testing \u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Tensile and Impact Testing of Recycled Expanded Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Why Plastics Need to be Sorted \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. Reprocessing of Thermoplastic Recyclates\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Recycling Techniques \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Size Reduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Washing \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Identification and Sorting of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Agglomeration \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6. Processing Techniques\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Compounding \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Single-Screw Extruders \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Twin-Screw Extruders \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Co-Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Supply Chains for Compounds \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Waste During the Injection Moulding Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Co-Injection Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Extrusion Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Injection Blow Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Weld Lines \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Film Blowing \u003cbr\u003e6.7 Compression Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.8 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e6.9 Processes for Incorporating Mixed Plastic Waste \u003cbr\u003e6.9.1 Intrusion Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.9.2 Transfer Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.9.3 Sinter Moulding \u003cbr\u003e6.10 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e6.11 Case Study: Plastic Lumber \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7. Additives for Recyclates\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 The Degradation of Plastics \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Restabilisation of Recyclates \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Testing the Effects of Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e7.4.1 Processing Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.4.2 Heat Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.4.3 Light Stability \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e7.5.1 Thermal Stabilisation \u003cbr\u003e7.5.2 Light Stabilisation \u003cbr\u003e7.5.3 Additive Combinations for Specific Purposes \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Modifying the Properties of Plastics Through Incorporation of Miscellaneous Additives \u003cbr\u003e7.6.1 Degradable Plastics \u003cbr\u003e7.6.2 Compatibilisers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8. Other Methods of Recycling and Waste Disposal Options\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e8.1 The Case of Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Chemical Recycling \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Thermal Conversion Technologies \u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Pyrolysis \u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Hydrogenation \u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Gasification \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Energy Recovery \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9. Creation of a Recycling and Recovery Infrastructure for Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e9.1 Development \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Design for Disassembly and Recycling \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Developing Recyclate Markets \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Logistics \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Quality \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Education \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10. The Problem in Perspective: Europe\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Case Study: Packaging \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Integrated Product Policy \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002\/96\/EC \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELV) 200\/53\/EC \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11. Rise of the Biopolymers: Recycling versus Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms \u003cbr\u003eGlossary \u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Vannessa Goodship is a Senior Research Fellow at The University of Warwick. She worked in the plastics industry for fourteen years prior to working at Warwick and has acted as coordinator for the UK Polymer Recycling Network. She has now worked in the field of polymer processing for over twenty-four years and has published work on a variety of plastic related subjects."}

Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers

Description Author: Jiri George Drobny ISBN 978-08155-1549-4 Pages: 736 pp, Hardback, 315 Illustrations Summary Thermoplastic elastomers are one of the most in-demand groups of materials today. Their most attractive feature is that they can be processed like plastics, yet they exhibit properties that are close to vulcanized rubber. Consequently, they can be produced in a highly...

$240.00

{"id":11242218116,"title":"Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers","handle":"978-08155-1549-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Jiri George Drobny \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-08155-1549-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 736 pp, Hardback, 315 Illustrations\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermoplastic elastomers are one of the most in-demand groups of materials today. Their most attractive feature is that they can be processed like plastics, yet they exhibit properties that are close to vulcanized rubber. Consequently, they can be produced in a highly cost-effective way, using short production cycles, with a considerably reduced energy consumption, and minimum production scrap. Moreover, because they are thermoplastics, production scrap as well as post-consumer scrap can be easily recycled.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis unique practical reference work compiles in one place the current working knowledge of chemistry, processing, physical and mechanical properties, as well as applications of thermoplastic elastomers. Because of the great number of thermoplastic elastomers and the variety of chemistries involved, the work is divided into chapters describing individual commercial groups. A significant part of this book is dedicated to processing methods, applications, and material data sheets. Chapters on processing methods and applications are enhanced with ample illustrations. Each chapter includes a comprehensive list of references for a more in-depth study. Other features are a list of current suppliers, ISO nomenclature, an extensive bibliography, a list of recent patents and a glossary of terms. The work is concluded by a chapter on newest developments and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Elasticity and Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 Brief History of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 Additives\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Light Stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Nucleating Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Colorants \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Antistatic Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Slip Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Antiblocking Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Processing Aids \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Fillers and Reinforcements \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Other Additives \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Selection of Additives \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Health, Hygiene, and Safety \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Processing Methods Applicable to Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Mixing and Blending \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Injection Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Compression Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Transfer Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Blow Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Rotational Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Foaming of Thermoplastics \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e4.11 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e4.12 Secondary Manufacturing Processes \u003cbr\u003e4.13 General Processing Technology of TPEs \u003cbr\u003e4.14 Process Simulation \u003cbr\u003e4.15 Product Development and Testing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 Styrenic Block Copolymers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Polystyrene– Polydiene Block Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e5.3 SBCs Synthesized by Carbocationic Polymerization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 Thermoplastic Elastomers Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 The Dynamic Vulcanization Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Properties of Blends Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Processing and Fabrication of TPVs \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyolefin-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Properties of TPOs \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Processing of TPOs \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Painting of TPOs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Halogen-Containing Polyolefins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Blends of PVC with Nitrile Rubber (NBR) \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Blends of PVC with Other Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Melt-Processable Rubber \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Thermoplastic Fluorocarbon Elastomer \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Thermal Transitions \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Properties \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Processing of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e9.7 Blends of TPU with Other Polymers \u003cbr\u003e9.8 Bonding and Welding \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Polyamides\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Structure– Property Relationships \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Physical and Mechanical Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Chemical and Solvent Resistance \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Electrical Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Other Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Compounding \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Bonding and Welding \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Properties of Commercial COPEs \u003cbr\u003e11.5 COPE Blends \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 Ionomeric Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Properties and Processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 Other Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Elastomeric Star Block Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e13.2 TPEs Based on Interpenetrating Networks \u003cbr\u003e13.3 TPE Based on Polyacrylates \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled Rubber and Plastics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e14.2 EPDM Scrap \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Butadiene-acrylonitrile Rubber (NBR) Scrap \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Recycled Rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Waste Latex \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Waste Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Applications for Styrenic TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Applications of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs) and ETPVs \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Applications of Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers (TPOs) \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Applications of Melt-Processable Rubber (MPR) \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Applications of PVC Blends \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Application of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Application of Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Applications of Polyamide TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Applications of Ionomeric TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Applications of Other TPEs \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 Recycling of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Recycling Methods for Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 Recent Developments and Trends\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Current State \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Drivers for the Growth of TPEs \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Trends in Technical Development \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Other New Developments \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1: Books, Conferences, Major Review Articles \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2: Major Suppliers of Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3: ISO Nomenclature for Thermoplastic Elastomers \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4: Processing Data Sheets for Commercial Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 5: Technical Data Sheets for Commercial Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 6: Recent TPE Patents \u003cbr\u003eGlossary \u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDrobny Polymer Associates, Inc.\u003cbr\u003eJiri George Drobny is a world renowned authority in the field of thermoplastic elastomers. His career spans over 40 years in the rubber and plastic processing industries in worldwide. He has been sought after for his multifaceted contributions to the field as an educator, lecturer, prolific author, and esteemed consultant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:35-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:35-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2007","additives","antiblocking","antioxidante","antistatics","book","calendering","compression","elasticity","elastomers","fillers","mixing extrusion","molding","moulding","NBR","p-chemistry","plasticizers","polymer","polyolefines blends","PVC blends","recycling","stabilizers","thermoplastics","TPE","TPU"],"price":24000,"price_min":24000,"price_max":24000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378361668,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":24000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-08155-1549-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-08155-1549-4.jpg?v=1499472490"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-08155-1549-4.jpg?v=1499472490","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356343119965,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"width":387,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-08155-1549-4.jpg?v=1499472490"},"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-08155-1549-4.jpg?v=1499472490","width":387}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Jiri George Drobny \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-08155-1549-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 736 pp, Hardback, 315 Illustrations\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermoplastic elastomers are one of the most in-demand groups of materials today. Their most attractive feature is that they can be processed like plastics, yet they exhibit properties that are close to vulcanized rubber. Consequently, they can be produced in a highly cost-effective way, using short production cycles, with a considerably reduced energy consumption, and minimum production scrap. Moreover, because they are thermoplastics, production scrap as well as post-consumer scrap can be easily recycled.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis unique practical reference work compiles in one place the current working knowledge of chemistry, processing, physical and mechanical properties, as well as applications of thermoplastic elastomers. Because of the great number of thermoplastic elastomers and the variety of chemistries involved, the work is divided into chapters describing individual commercial groups. A significant part of this book is dedicated to processing methods, applications, and material data sheets. Chapters on processing methods and applications are enhanced with ample illustrations. Each chapter includes a comprehensive list of references for a more in-depth study. Other features are a list of current suppliers, ISO nomenclature, an extensive bibliography, a list of recent patents and a glossary of terms. The work is concluded by a chapter on newest developments and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 Introduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Elasticity and Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 Brief History of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 Additives\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Antioxidants \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Light Stabilizers \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Nucleating Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Colorants \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Antistatic Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Slip Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Antiblocking Agents \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Processing Aids \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Fillers and Reinforcements \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Other Additives \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Selection of Additives \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Health, Hygiene, and Safety \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Processing Methods Applicable to Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Mixing and Blending \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Injection Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Compression Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Transfer Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Blow Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Rotational Molding \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Foaming of Thermoplastics \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e4.11 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e4.12 Secondary Manufacturing Processes \u003cbr\u003e4.13 General Processing Technology of TPEs \u003cbr\u003e4.14 Process Simulation \u003cbr\u003e4.15 Product Development and Testing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 Styrenic Block Copolymers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Polystyrene– Polydiene Block Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e5.3 SBCs Synthesized by Carbocationic Polymerization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 Thermoplastic Elastomers Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.2 The Dynamic Vulcanization Process \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Properties of Blends Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Processing and Fabrication of TPVs \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Polyolefin-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Properties of TPOs \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Processing of TPOs \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Painting of TPOs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Halogen-Containing Polyolefins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Blends of PVC with Nitrile Rubber (NBR) \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Blends of PVC with Other Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Melt-Processable Rubber \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Thermoplastic Fluorocarbon Elastomer \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Synthesis of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Thermal Transitions \u003cbr\u003e9.5 Properties \u003cbr\u003e9.6 Processing of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e9.7 Blends of TPU with Other Polymers \u003cbr\u003e9.8 Bonding and Welding \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Polyamides\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Structure– Property Relationships \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Physical and Mechanical Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Chemical and Solvent Resistance \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Electrical Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Other Properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Compounding \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Processing \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Bonding and Welding \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Properties of Commercial COPEs \u003cbr\u003e11.5 COPE Blends \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 Ionomeric Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Synthesis \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Properties and Processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 Other Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Elastomeric Star Block Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e13.2 TPEs Based on Interpenetrating Networks \u003cbr\u003e13.3 TPE Based on Polyacrylates \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled Rubber and Plastics\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e14.2 EPDM Scrap \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Butadiene-acrylonitrile Rubber (NBR) Scrap \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Recycled Rubber \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Waste Latex \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Waste Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Applications for Styrenic TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Applications of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs) and ETPVs \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Applications of Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers (TPOs) \u003cbr\u003e15.5 Applications of Melt-Processable Rubber (MPR) \u003cbr\u003e15.6 Applications of PVC Blends \u003cbr\u003e15.7 Application of TPUs \u003cbr\u003e15.8 Application of Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e15.9 Applications of Polyamide TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.10 Applications of Ionomeric TPEs \u003cbr\u003e15.11 Applications of Other TPEs \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 Recycling of Thermoplastic Elastomers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Recycling Methods for Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 Recent Developments and Trends\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Current State \u003cbr\u003e17.2 Drivers for the Growth of TPEs \u003cbr\u003e17.3 Trends in Technical Development \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Other New Developments \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1: Books, Conferences, Major Review Articles \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2: Major Suppliers of Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3: ISO Nomenclature for Thermoplastic Elastomers \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4: Processing Data Sheets for Commercial Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 5: Technical Data Sheets for Commercial Thermoplastic Elastomers and Compounds \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 6: Recent TPE Patents \u003cbr\u003eGlossary \u003cbr\u003eIndex\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDrobny Polymer Associates, Inc.\u003cbr\u003eJiri George Drobny is a world renowned authority in the field of thermoplastic elastomers. His career spans over 40 years in the rubber and plastic processing industries in worldwide. He has been sought after for his multifaceted contributions to the field as an educator, lecturer, prolific author, and esteemed consultant.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}

Handbook of Solvents

Description Author: Dr. George Wypych 10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0 13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9Pages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184 Summary Announcing the most comprehensive book on solvents This book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their...

$285.00

{"id":11242248580,"title":"Handbook of Solvents","handle":"1-895198-24-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su","published_at":"2018-02-16T11:01:03-05:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:10-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378467780,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356342923357,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su"}

Handbook of Plastic Films

Description Author: Prof. E. Abdel-Bary ISBN 978-1-85957-338-9 pages 404 Summary Plastic films are high-performance materials which play an essential part in modern life. Plastic films are mostly used in packaging applications but as will be seen from this book they are also used in the agricultural, medical and engineering fields. The plastics films industry uses state-of-the-art...

$190.00

{"id":11242219076,"title":"Handbook of Plastic Films","handle":"978-1-85957-338-9","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Prof. E. Abdel-Bary \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-338-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 404\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPlastic films are high-performance materials which play an essential part in modern life. Plastic films are mostly used in packaging applications but as will be seen from this book they are also used in the agricultural, medical and engineering fields. The plastics films industry uses state-of-the-art manufacturing processes and is continuously seeking out new technologies to improve its performance. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe understanding of the nature of plastic films, their production techniques, applications and their characterisation is essential for producing new types of plastic films. This handbook has been written to discuss the production and main uses of plastic films. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Technology of Polyolefin Film Production, deals with the various types of polyolefins and their suitability for film manufacture. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Processing of Polyethylene Films, the main parameters influencing resin basic properties are described. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: Processing Conditions and Durability of Polypropylene Films, details the structure, synthesis and film processing of polypropylene. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: Solubility of Additives in Polymers, deals with different aspects of additives solubility in polymers in relation to the polymer degradation and stabilisation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: Polyvinyl Chloride: Degradation and Stabilisation, covers the stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films during procesing and service. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Ecological Issues of Polymer Flame Retardancy, discusses flame retardants, which as special additives have an important role in saving lives. These flame retardant system basically inhibit or even suppress the combustion process by chemical or physical action in the gas or condensed phase.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7: Interaction of Polymers with Nitrogen Oxides in Polluted Atmospheres, covers thermal and photochemical oxidation of polymers under the influence of the aggressive, polluting atmospheric gases.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8: Modifications of Plastic Films, discusses the modifications of plastic films required to improve their mechanical or physical properties to meet the requirements of certain applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9: Applications of Plastic Films in Packaging, deals with applications of plastic films in packaging. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10: Applications of Plastic Films in Agriculture, deals with the application of plastic films in agriculture. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11: Physicochemical Criteria for Estimating the Efficiency of Burn Dressings, deals with the principal medical treatment of burns using dressings made with a polymeric layer or layers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12: Testing of Plastic Films, covers the most common test methods generally used for plastic films. The requirements necessary for the test methods are summarised. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13: Recycling of Plastic Waste, covers the problem of plastic films recycling Different types of recycling are discussed and recycling of some selected types of films are discussed. This book will be invaluable to anyone who is already working with plastic films or to anyone who is considering working with them in the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Technology of Polyolefin Film Production\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Structures of the Polyolefins\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE,MDPE,UHMWPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Very-and Ultra-Low-Density Polyethylene (VLDPE,ULDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Polypropylene (PP\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Polypropylene Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Morphology of Polyolefin Films\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Rheological Characterisation of the Polyolefins\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 High-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.3 Very-and Ultra-Low-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.4 Low-Density Polyethylene,Long Branches\u003cbr\u003e1.4.5 Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Blown Film Production (Tubular Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Extruder Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Screw Design\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Frost-line and Blow Ratio\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Cast Film Production\u003cbr\u003e1.6.1 Extrusion Conditions\u003cbr\u003e1.6.2 Calendering Finishing\u003cbr\u003e1.6.3 Extrusion Coating\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Orientation of the Film\u003cbr\u003e1.7.1 Orientation During Blowing\u003cbr\u003e1.7.2 Orientation by Drawing\u003cbr\u003e1.7.3 Biaxial Orientation (Biaxially Oriented PP,BOPP)\u003cbr\u003e1.8 Surface Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.8.1 Gloss\u003cbr\u003e1.8.2 Haze\u003cbr\u003e1.8.3 Surface Energy\u003cbr\u003e1.8.4 Slip\u003cbr\u003e1.8.5 Blocking\u003cbr\u003e1.9 Surface Modification\u003cbr\u003e1.9.1 Corona Discharge\u003cbr\u003e1.9.2 Antiblocking\u003cbr\u003e1.9.3 Slip Additives\u003cbr\u003e1.9.4 Lubricants\u003cbr\u003e1.9.5 Antistatic Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.10 Internal Additives\u003cbr\u003e1.10.1 Antioxidants\u003cbr\u003e1.10.2 Ultraviolet Absorbers\u003cbr\u003e1.11 Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.1 Tensile Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.2 Impact Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.3 Dynamic Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.4 Dielectric Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.12 Microscopic Examination\u003cbr\u003e1.12.1 Optical – Polarised Light Effect with Strain\u003cbr\u003e1.12.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)– Etching\u003cbr\u003e1.12.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)\u003cbr\u003e1.13 Thermal Analysis\u003cbr\u003e1.13.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\u003cbr\u003e1.13.2 Temperature-Modulated DSC (TMDSC)\u003cbr\u003e1.14 Infrared Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e1.14.1 Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e1.14.2 Composition Analysis of Blends and Laminates\u003cbr\u003e1.14.3 Surface Analysis\u003cbr\u003e1.14.4 Other Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.15 Applications\u003cbr\u003e1.15.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e1.15.2 Laminated Films\u003cbr\u003e1.15.3 Coextruded Films\u003cbr\u003e1.15.4 Heat Sealing\u003cbr\u003e1.15.5 Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e1.16 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Processing of Polyethylene Films\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Parameters Influencing Resin Basic Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular Weight (Molar Mass)and Dispersity Index\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Melt Index (Flow Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Density\u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Chain Branching\u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Intrinsic Viscosity\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Melting Point and Heat of Fusion\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Melt Properties – Rheology\u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Elongational Viscosity\u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Elasticity\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Blown Film Extrusion (Tubular Film\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Description of the Blown Film Process\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Various Ways of Cooling the Film\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Extruder Size\u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Horsepower\u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Selection of Extrusion Equipment\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Cast Film Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Description of the Cast Film Process\u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Effects of Extrusion Variables on Film Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Effect of Blow-up Ratio on Film Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Processing Troubleshooting Guidelines\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Shrink Film\u003cbr\u003e2.6.1 Shrink Film Types\u003cbr\u003e2.6.2 Shrink Film Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.6.3 The Manufacture of Shrink Film\u003cbr\u003e2.6.4 Shrink Tunnels and Ovens \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Processing Conditions and Durability of Polypropylene Films\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Structures and Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Film Processing\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Additives\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Ultraviolet Degradation of Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 UV Degradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Effect of UV Degradation on Molecular Structure and Properties of PP\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Stabilisation of PP by Additives\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Case Studies\u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Materials and Experimental Procedures\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Durability-Microstructure Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.6.3 Durability-Processing Condition Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.6.4 Durability-Additive Property Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Concluding Remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Solubility of Additives in Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Nonuniform Polymer Structure\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Additive Sorption\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Quantitative Data on Additive Solubility in Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Factors Affecting Additive Solubility\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 Crystallinity and Supermolecular Structure\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Effect of Polymer Orientation\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Role of Polymer Polar Groups\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Effect of the Second Compound\u003cbr\u003e4.5.5 Features of Dissolution of High Molecular Weight Additives\u003cbr\u003e4.5.6 Effect of Polymer Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Solubility of Additives and Their Loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Polyvinyl Chloride:Degradation and Stabilisation\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Some Factors Affecting the Low Stability of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Identification of Carbonylallyl Groups\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Principal Ways to Stabilise PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Light Stabilisation of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Effect of Plasticisers on PVC Degradation in Solution\u003cbr\u003e5.7 ‘Echo ’ Stabilisation of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Tasks for the Future \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Ecological Issues of Polymer Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Mechanisms of Action\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers – Dioxins\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Flame Retardant Systems\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Intumescent Additives\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Polymer Organic Char-Former\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Polymer Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Interaction of Polymers with the Nitrogen Oxides in Polluted Atmospheres\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Interaction of Nitrogen Dioxide with Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Vinyl Polymers:PE,PP,PS,PMMA,PAN,PVC and PVF\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Non-Saturated Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Polyamides,Polyurethanes,Polyamidoimides\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Modifications of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Modification of Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Orientation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Crystallisation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.3 Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Chemical Modifications\u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Fluorination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Chlorination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Bromination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4 Sulfonation\u003cbr\u003e8.3.5 Chemical Etching\u003cbr\u003e8.3.6 Grafting\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Physical Methods Used for Surface Modification\u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Plasma Treatment\u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Corona Treatment\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e8.5.1 Gravimetric Method\u003cbr\u003e8.5.2 Thermal Analyses\u003cbr\u003e8.5.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy\u003cbr\u003e8.5.4 Swelling Measurements\u003cbr\u003e8.5.5 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution\u003cbr\u003e8.5.6 Dielectric Relaxation\u003cbr\u003e8.5.7 Surface Properties\u003cbr\u003e8.5.8 Spectroscopic Analysis\u003cbr\u003e8.5.9 Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.Applications of Plastic Films in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Packaging Functions\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Flexible Package Forms\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Wraps\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Bags,Sacks and Pouches\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Pouch Production\u003cbr\u003e9.3.4 Dispensing and Reclosure Features\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Heat-Sealing\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Other Uses of Packaging Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Major Packaging Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6.1 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.2 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.3 Polypropylene (PP)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.4 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.5 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.6 Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.8 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.9 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.10 Polyamide (Nylon)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.11 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)and Acid Copolymer Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6.12 Ionomers\u003cbr\u003e9.6.13 Other Plastics\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Multilayer Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e9.7.1 Coating\u003cbr\u003e9.7.2 Lamination\u003cbr\u003e9.7.3 Coextrusion\u003cbr\u003e9.7.4 Metallisation\u003cbr\u003e9.7.5 Silicon Oxide Coating\u003cbr\u003e9.7.6 Other Inorganic Barrier Coatings\u003cbr\u003e9.8 Surface Treatment\u003cbr\u003e9.9 Static Discharge\u003cbr\u003e9.10 Printing\u003cbr\u003e9.11 Barriers and Permeation\u003cbr\u003e9.12 Environmental Issues \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Applications of Plastic Films in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Production of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Characteristics of Plastic Films Used in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Stability of Greenhouse Films to Solar Irradiation\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ultraviolet Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Requirements for Stabiliser Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Evaluation of Laboratory and Outdoor Photooxidation\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Other Factors Affecting the Stability of Greenhouse Films\u003cbr\u003e10.5.1 Temperature\u003cbr\u003e10.5.2 Humidity\u003cbr\u003e10.5.3 Wind\u003cbr\u003e10.5.4 Fog Formation\u003cbr\u003e10.5.5 Environmental Pollution\u003cbr\u003e10.5.6 Effects of Pesticides\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Ageing Resistance of Greenhouse Films\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Measurement of Ageing Factors\u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Changes in Chemical Structure\u003cbr\u003e10.7 Recycling of Plastic Films in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.7.2 Contamination by the Environment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Physicochemical Criteria for Estimating the Efficiency of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Modern Surgical Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Dressings Based on Materials of Animal Origin\u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Dressings Based on Synthetic Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dressings Based on Materials of Vegetable Origin\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Selection of the Properties of Tested Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Sorption-Diffusion Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Adhesive Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Methods of Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Determination of Material Porosity\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Determination of Size and Number of Pores\u003cbr\u003e11.4.3 Estimation of Surface Energy at Material-Medium Interface\u003cbr\u003e11.4.4 Determination of Sorptional Ability of Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.5 Determination of Air Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.6 Determination of Adhesion of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.7 Determination of Vapour Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Results and Discussion\u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Determination of Sorption Ability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Kinetics of the Sorption of Liquid Media by Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Determination of Vapour Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Determination of the Air Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Determination of Adhesion of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.6 The Model of Action of a Burn Dressing\u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Evaporation of Water from the Dressing Surface\u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Sorption of Fluid by Burn Dressing from Bulk Containing a Definite Amount of Fluid\u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Mass Transfer of Water from Wound to Surroundings\u003cbr\u003e11.7 Criteria for the Efficiency of First-Aid Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Requirements of a First-Aid Burn Dressing\u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Characteristics of First-Aid Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.8 Conclusion P\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Testing of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Requirements for Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 List of Requirements\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Interpretation of Test Results\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Some Properties of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Dimensions\u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 Conditioning the Samples\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Mechanical Tests\u003cbr\u003e12.4.1 Tensile Testing (Static)\u003cbr\u003e12.4.2 Impact Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.4.3 Tear Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.4.4 Bending Stiffness (Flexural Modulus\u003cbr\u003e12.4.5 Dynamic Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e12.5.2 Indices of Refraction and Yellowness\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Some Physical,Chemical and Physicochemical Tests\u003cbr\u003e12.5.1 Density of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e12.5.3 Transparency\u003cbr\u003e12.5.4 Resistance to Chemicals\u003cbr\u003e12.5.5 Haze and Luminous Transmittance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.6 Ignition,Rate of Burning Characteristics and Oxygen Index (OI)\u003cbr\u003e12.5.7 Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction\u003cbr\u003e12.5.8 Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics\u003cbr\u003e12.5.9 Wetting Tension of PE and PP Films\u003cbr\u003e12.5.10 Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.5.11 Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress\u003cbr\u003e12.5.12 Rigidity\u003cbr\u003e12.5.13 Blocking Load by Parallel-Plate Method\u003cbr\u003e12.5.14 Determination of LLDPE Composition by 13C NMR\u003cbr\u003e12.5.15 Creep and Creep Rupture\u003cbr\u003e12.5.16 Outdoor Weathering\/Weatherability\u003cbr\u003e12.5.17 Abrasion Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.18 Mar Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.19 Environmental Stress Cracking\u003cbr\u003e12.5.20 Water Vapour Permeability\u003cbr\u003e12.5.21 Oxygen Gas Transmission\u003cbr\u003e12.6 Standard Specifications for Some Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.1 Standard Specification for PET Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.2 Standard Specification for LDPE Films (for General Use and Packaging Applications)\u003cbr\u003e12.6.3 Standard Specification for MDPE and General Grade PE Films (for General Use and Packaging Applications)\u003cbr\u003e12.6.4 Standard Specification for OPP Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.5 Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Ethylene Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. Recycling of Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Main Approaches to Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.1 Primary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.2 Secondary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.3 Tertiary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.4 Quaternary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Collection and Sorting\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Resin Identification\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 General Aspects of Resin Separation\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Resin Separation Based on Density\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Resin Separation Based on Colour\u003cbr\u003e13.3.5 Resin Separation Based on Physicochemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Recycling of Separated PET Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Recycling of Separated PVC Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Chemical Recycling of PVC-Rich Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Recycling of Separated PE Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Contamination of PE Waste by Additives\u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Contamination of PE Waste by Reprocessing\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Recycling of HDPE\u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Applications for Recycled HDPE\u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Rubber-Modified Products\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Recycling Using Radiation Technology\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nElsayed Abdel-Bary took his first degree at Cairo University and studied for his PhD at the Institute of Fine Chemical Technology in Moscow. He became a Professor in the Faculty of Science at Mansoura University in 1979 and subsequently founded the University’s Polymer Research Centre. He has published widely on the subject of polymer science, to date he has over 100 papers\/book chapters credited to him. Elsayed is the Editor-in-Chief of Packplast International and Interplas International, the Vice-President of the Egyptian Chemical Society and a member of the IUPAC Academy of Scientific Research and Technology.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:38-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:38-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","additives","agriculture","antiblocking","antistatics","book","degradation","dressings medical","extrusion","films","flame retardant","HDPE","infrared spectroscopy ","injection moulding","LDPE","lubricants","MDPE","p-applications","packaging","plastic","polyethylene","polypropylene","polyvinyl chloride","PP","properties","PVC","recycling","slip agents","testing","thermal analysis","UHMWPE"," stabilisation"],"price":19000,"price_min":19000,"price_max":19000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378369540,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plastic Films","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":19000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-338-9","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-338-9.jpg?v=1499724562"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-338-9.jpg?v=1499724562","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":355731701853,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-338-9.jpg?v=1499724562"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-338-9.jpg?v=1499724562","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Prof. E. Abdel-Bary \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-338-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 404\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPlastic films are high-performance materials which play an essential part in modern life. Plastic films are mostly used in packaging applications but as will be seen from this book they are also used in the agricultural, medical and engineering fields. The plastics films industry uses state-of-the-art manufacturing processes and is continuously seeking out new technologies to improve its performance. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe understanding of the nature of plastic films, their production techniques, applications and their characterisation is essential for producing new types of plastic films. This handbook has been written to discuss the production and main uses of plastic films. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Technology of Polyolefin Film Production, deals with the various types of polyolefins and their suitability for film manufacture. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Processing of Polyethylene Films, the main parameters influencing resin basic properties are described. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: Processing Conditions and Durability of Polypropylene Films, details the structure, synthesis and film processing of polypropylene. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: Solubility of Additives in Polymers, deals with different aspects of additives solubility in polymers in relation to the polymer degradation and stabilisation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: Polyvinyl Chloride: Degradation and Stabilisation, covers the stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films during procesing and service. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Ecological Issues of Polymer Flame Retardancy, discusses flame retardants, which as special additives have an important role in saving lives. These flame retardant system basically inhibit or even suppress the combustion process by chemical or physical action in the gas or condensed phase.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7: Interaction of Polymers with Nitrogen Oxides in Polluted Atmospheres, covers thermal and photochemical oxidation of polymers under the influence of the aggressive, polluting atmospheric gases.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8: Modifications of Plastic Films, discusses the modifications of plastic films required to improve their mechanical or physical properties to meet the requirements of certain applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9: Applications of Plastic Films in Packaging, deals with applications of plastic films in packaging. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10: Applications of Plastic Films in Agriculture, deals with the application of plastic films in agriculture. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11: Physicochemical Criteria for Estimating the Efficiency of Burn Dressings, deals with the principal medical treatment of burns using dressings made with a polymeric layer or layers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12: Testing of Plastic Films, covers the most common test methods generally used for plastic films. The requirements necessary for the test methods are summarised. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13: Recycling of Plastic Waste, covers the problem of plastic films recycling Different types of recycling are discussed and recycling of some selected types of films are discussed. This book will be invaluable to anyone who is already working with plastic films or to anyone who is considering working with them in the future.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Technology of Polyolefin Film Production\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Structures of the Polyolefins\u003cbr\u003e1.2.1 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.2 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE,MDPE,UHMWPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.4 Very-and Ultra-Low-Density Polyethylene (VLDPE,ULDPE\u003cbr\u003e1.2.5 Polypropylene (PP\u003cbr\u003e1.2.6 Polypropylene Copolymers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Morphology of Polyolefin Films\u003cbr\u003e1.4 Rheological Characterisation of the Polyolefins\u003cbr\u003e1.4.1 High-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.2 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.3 Very-and Ultra-Low-Density Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003e1.4.4 Low-Density Polyethylene,Long Branches\u003cbr\u003e1.4.5 Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e1.5 Blown Film Production (Tubular Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e1.5.1 Extruder Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e1.5.2 Screw Design\u003cbr\u003e1.5.3 Frost-line and Blow Ratio\u003cbr\u003e1.6 Cast Film Production\u003cbr\u003e1.6.1 Extrusion Conditions\u003cbr\u003e1.6.2 Calendering Finishing\u003cbr\u003e1.6.3 Extrusion Coating\u003cbr\u003e1.7 Orientation of the Film\u003cbr\u003e1.7.1 Orientation During Blowing\u003cbr\u003e1.7.2 Orientation by Drawing\u003cbr\u003e1.7.3 Biaxial Orientation (Biaxially Oriented PP,BOPP)\u003cbr\u003e1.8 Surface Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.8.1 Gloss\u003cbr\u003e1.8.2 Haze\u003cbr\u003e1.8.3 Surface Energy\u003cbr\u003e1.8.4 Slip\u003cbr\u003e1.8.5 Blocking\u003cbr\u003e1.9 Surface Modification\u003cbr\u003e1.9.1 Corona Discharge\u003cbr\u003e1.9.2 Antiblocking\u003cbr\u003e1.9.3 Slip Additives\u003cbr\u003e1.9.4 Lubricants\u003cbr\u003e1.9.5 Antistatic Agents\u003cbr\u003e1.10 Internal Additives\u003cbr\u003e1.10.1 Antioxidants\u003cbr\u003e1.10.2 Ultraviolet Absorbers\u003cbr\u003e1.11 Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.1 Tensile Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.2 Impact Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.3 Dynamic Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.11.4 Dielectric Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.12 Microscopic Examination\u003cbr\u003e1.12.1 Optical – Polarised Light Effect with Strain\u003cbr\u003e1.12.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)– Etching\u003cbr\u003e1.12.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)\u003cbr\u003e1.13 Thermal Analysis\u003cbr\u003e1.13.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\u003cbr\u003e1.13.2 Temperature-Modulated DSC (TMDSC)\u003cbr\u003e1.14 Infrared Spectroscopy\u003cbr\u003e1.14.1 Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e1.14.2 Composition Analysis of Blends and Laminates\u003cbr\u003e1.14.3 Surface Analysis\u003cbr\u003e1.14.4 Other Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.15 Applications\u003cbr\u003e1.15.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e1.15.2 Laminated Films\u003cbr\u003e1.15.3 Coextruded Films\u003cbr\u003e1.15.4 Heat Sealing\u003cbr\u003e1.15.5 Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e1.16 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Processing of Polyethylene Films\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Parameters Influencing Resin Basic Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular Weight (Molar Mass)and Dispersity Index\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Melt Index (Flow Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Density\u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Chain Branching\u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Intrinsic Viscosity\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Melting Point and Heat of Fusion\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Melt Properties – Rheology\u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Elongational Viscosity\u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Elasticity\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Blown Film Extrusion (Tubular Film\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Description of the Blown Film Process\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Various Ways of Cooling the Film\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Extruder Size\u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Horsepower\u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Selection of Extrusion Equipment\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Cast Film Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Description of the Cast Film Process\u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Effects of Extrusion Variables on Film Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Effect of Blow-up Ratio on Film Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Processing Troubleshooting Guidelines\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Shrink Film\u003cbr\u003e2.6.1 Shrink Film Types\u003cbr\u003e2.6.2 Shrink Film Properties\u003cbr\u003e2.6.3 The Manufacture of Shrink Film\u003cbr\u003e2.6.4 Shrink Tunnels and Ovens \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Processing Conditions and Durability of Polypropylene Films\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Structures and Synthesis\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Film Processing\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Additives\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Ultraviolet Degradation of Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 UV Degradation Mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Effect of UV Degradation on Molecular Structure and Properties of PP\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 Stabilisation of PP by Additives\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Case Studies\u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Materials and Experimental Procedures\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Durability-Microstructure Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.6.3 Durability-Processing Condition Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.6.4 Durability-Additive Property Relationship\u003cbr\u003e3.7 Concluding Remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Solubility of Additives in Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Nonuniform Polymer Structure\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Additive Sorption\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Quantitative Data on Additive Solubility in Polymers\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Factors Affecting Additive Solubility\u003cbr\u003e4.5.1 Crystallinity and Supermolecular Structure\u003cbr\u003e4.5.2 Effect of Polymer Orientation\u003cbr\u003e4.5.3 Role of Polymer Polar Groups\u003cbr\u003e4.5.4 Effect of the Second Compound\u003cbr\u003e4.5.5 Features of Dissolution of High Molecular Weight Additives\u003cbr\u003e4.5.6 Effect of Polymer Oxidation\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Solubility of Additives and Their Loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Polyvinyl Chloride:Degradation and Stabilisation\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Some Factors Affecting the Low Stability of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Identification of Carbonylallyl Groups\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Principal Ways to Stabilise PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Light Stabilisation of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Effect of Plasticisers on PVC Degradation in Solution\u003cbr\u003e5.7 ‘Echo ’ Stabilisation of PVC\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Tasks for the Future \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Ecological Issues of Polymer Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Mechanisms of Action\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers – Dioxins\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Flame Retardant Systems\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Intumescent Additives\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Polymer Organic Char-Former\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Polymer Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Interaction of Polymers with the Nitrogen Oxides in Polluted Atmospheres\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Interaction of Nitrogen Dioxide with Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Vinyl Polymers:PE,PP,PS,PMMA,PAN,PVC and PVF\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Non-Saturated Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Polyamides,Polyurethanes,Polyamidoimides\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Polymers\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Modifications of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Modification of Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Orientation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Crystallisation\u003cbr\u003e8.2.3 Crosslinking\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Chemical Modifications\u003cbr\u003e8.3.1 Fluorination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.2 Chlorination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.3 Bromination\u003cbr\u003e8.3.4 Sulfonation\u003cbr\u003e8.3.5 Chemical Etching\u003cbr\u003e8.3.6 Grafting\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Physical Methods Used for Surface Modification\u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Plasma Treatment\u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Corona Treatment\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e8.5.1 Gravimetric Method\u003cbr\u003e8.5.2 Thermal Analyses\u003cbr\u003e8.5.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy\u003cbr\u003e8.5.4 Swelling Measurements\u003cbr\u003e8.5.5 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution\u003cbr\u003e8.5.6 Dielectric Relaxation\u003cbr\u003e8.5.7 Surface Properties\u003cbr\u003e8.5.8 Spectroscopic Analysis\u003cbr\u003e8.5.9 Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.Applications of Plastic Films in Packaging\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Packaging Functions\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Flexible Package Forms\u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Wraps\u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Bags,Sacks and Pouches\u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Pouch Production\u003cbr\u003e9.3.4 Dispensing and Reclosure Features\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Heat-Sealing\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Other Uses of Packaging Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Major Packaging Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6.1 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.2 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.3 Polypropylene (PP)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.4 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.5 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.6 Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.8 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.9 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.10 Polyamide (Nylon)\u003cbr\u003e9.6.11 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA)and Acid Copolymer Films\u003cbr\u003e9.6.12 Ionomers\u003cbr\u003e9.6.13 Other Plastics\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Multilayer Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e9.7.1 Coating\u003cbr\u003e9.7.2 Lamination\u003cbr\u003e9.7.3 Coextrusion\u003cbr\u003e9.7.4 Metallisation\u003cbr\u003e9.7.5 Silicon Oxide Coating\u003cbr\u003e9.7.6 Other Inorganic Barrier Coatings\u003cbr\u003e9.8 Surface Treatment\u003cbr\u003e9.9 Static Discharge\u003cbr\u003e9.10 Printing\u003cbr\u003e9.11 Barriers and Permeation\u003cbr\u003e9.12 Environmental Issues \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Applications of Plastic Films in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Production of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Characteristics of Plastic Films Used in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Stability of Greenhouse Films to Solar Irradiation\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Ultraviolet Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 Requirements for Stabiliser Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Evaluation of Laboratory and Outdoor Photooxidation\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Other Factors Affecting the Stability of Greenhouse Films\u003cbr\u003e10.5.1 Temperature\u003cbr\u003e10.5.2 Humidity\u003cbr\u003e10.5.3 Wind\u003cbr\u003e10.5.4 Fog Formation\u003cbr\u003e10.5.5 Environmental Pollution\u003cbr\u003e10.5.6 Effects of Pesticides\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Ageing Resistance of Greenhouse Films\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Measurement of Ageing Factors\u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Changes in Chemical Structure\u003cbr\u003e10.7 Recycling of Plastic Films in Agriculture\u003cbr\u003e10.7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.7.2 Contamination by the Environment \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Physicochemical Criteria for Estimating the Efficiency of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Modern Surgical Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Dressings Based on Materials of Animal Origin\u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Dressings Based on Synthetic Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dressings Based on Materials of Vegetable Origin\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Selection of the Properties of Tested Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Sorption-Diffusion Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Adhesive Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Methods of Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Determination of Material Porosity\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Determination of Size and Number of Pores\u003cbr\u003e11.4.3 Estimation of Surface Energy at Material-Medium Interface\u003cbr\u003e11.4.4 Determination of Sorptional Ability of Materials\u003cbr\u003e11.4.5 Determination of Air Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.6 Determination of Adhesion of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.4.7 Determination of Vapour Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Results and Discussion\u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Determination of Sorption Ability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Kinetics of the Sorption of Liquid Media by Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Determination of Vapour Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Determination of the Air Penetrability of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Determination of Adhesion of Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.6 The Model of Action of a Burn Dressing\u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Evaporation of Water from the Dressing Surface\u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Sorption of Fluid by Burn Dressing from Bulk Containing a Definite Amount of Fluid\u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Mass Transfer of Water from Wound to Surroundings\u003cbr\u003e11.7 Criteria for the Efficiency of First-Aid Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Requirements of a First-Aid Burn Dressing\u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Characteristics of First-Aid Burn Dressings\u003cbr\u003e11.8 Conclusion P\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Testing of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Requirements for Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 List of Requirements\u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Interpretation of Test Results\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Some Properties of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.3.1 Dimensions\u003cbr\u003e12.3.2 Conditioning the Samples\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Mechanical Tests\u003cbr\u003e12.4.1 Tensile Testing (Static)\u003cbr\u003e12.4.2 Impact Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.4.3 Tear Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.4.4 Bending Stiffness (Flexural Modulus\u003cbr\u003e12.4.5 Dynamic Mechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e12.5.2 Indices of Refraction and Yellowness\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Some Physical,Chemical and Physicochemical Tests\u003cbr\u003e12.5.1 Density of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e12.5.3 Transparency\u003cbr\u003e12.5.4 Resistance to Chemicals\u003cbr\u003e12.5.5 Haze and Luminous Transmittance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.6 Ignition,Rate of Burning Characteristics and Oxygen Index (OI)\u003cbr\u003e12.5.7 Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction\u003cbr\u003e12.5.8 Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics\u003cbr\u003e12.5.9 Wetting Tension of PE and PP Films\u003cbr\u003e12.5.10 Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.5.11 Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress\u003cbr\u003e12.5.12 Rigidity\u003cbr\u003e12.5.13 Blocking Load by Parallel-Plate Method\u003cbr\u003e12.5.14 Determination of LLDPE Composition by 13C NMR\u003cbr\u003e12.5.15 Creep and Creep Rupture\u003cbr\u003e12.5.16 Outdoor Weathering\/Weatherability\u003cbr\u003e12.5.17 Abrasion Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.18 Mar Resistance\u003cbr\u003e12.5.19 Environmental Stress Cracking\u003cbr\u003e12.5.20 Water Vapour Permeability\u003cbr\u003e12.5.21 Oxygen Gas Transmission\u003cbr\u003e12.6 Standard Specifications for Some Plastic Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.1 Standard Specification for PET Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.2 Standard Specification for LDPE Films (for General Use and Packaging Applications)\u003cbr\u003e12.6.3 Standard Specification for MDPE and General Grade PE Films (for General Use and Packaging Applications)\u003cbr\u003e12.6.4 Standard Specification for OPP Films\u003cbr\u003e12.6.5 Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Ethylene Plastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13. Recycling of Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Main Approaches to Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.1 Primary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.2 Secondary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.3 Tertiary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.4 Quaternary Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.2.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Collection and Sorting\u003cbr\u003e13.3.1 Resin Identification\u003cbr\u003e13.3.2 General Aspects of Resin Separation\u003cbr\u003e13.3.3 Resin Separation Based on Density\u003cbr\u003e13.3.4 Resin Separation Based on Colour\u003cbr\u003e13.3.5 Resin Separation Based on Physicochemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Recycling of Separated PET Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Recycling of Separated PVC Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Chemical Recycling of PVC-Rich Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Recycling of Separated PE Waste\u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Contamination of PE Waste by Additives\u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Contamination of PE Waste by Reprocessing\u003cbr\u003e13.7 Recycling of HDPE\u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Applications for Recycled HDPE\u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Rubber-Modified Products\u003cbr\u003e13.8 Recycling Using Radiation Technology\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Biodegradable Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nElsayed Abdel-Bary took his first degree at Cairo University and studied for his PhD at the Institute of Fine Chemical Technology in Moscow. He became a Professor in the Faculty of Science at Mansoura University in 1979 and subsequently founded the University’s Polymer Research Centre. He has published widely on the subject of polymer science, to date he has over 100 papers\/book chapters credited to him. Elsayed is the Editor-in-Chief of Packplast International and Interplas International, the Vice-President of the Egyptian Chemical Society and a member of the IUPAC Academy of Scientific Research and Technology."}

Fluoroplastics: Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics. Volume 2

Description Author: Sina Ebnesajjad ISBN 1-884207-96-0 DuPont Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, DE, USA Summary This is the second of a two-volume series of books about fluoroplastics. Volume 1 covers the non-melt processible homopolymers, requiring non-traditional processing techniques. Volume 2 is devoted to the melt-processible fluoropolymers, their polymerization and fabrication techniques including injection molding, wire, tube, and film...

$255.00

{"id":11242217732,"title":"Fluoroplastics: Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics. Volume 2","handle":"1-884207-96-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Sina Ebnesajjad \u003cbr\u003eISBN \u003cspan\u003e1-884207-96-0\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"weak inline printman\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\nDuPont Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, DE, USA\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis is the second of a two-volume series of books about fluoroplastics. Volume 1 covers the non-melt processible homopolymers, requiring non-traditional processing techniques. Volume 2 is devoted to the melt-processible fluoropolymers, their polymerization and fabrication techniques including injection molding, wire, tube, and film extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding, compression molding, and transfer molding. Both a source of data and a reference, the properties, characteristics, applications, safety, disposal, and recycling of melt-processible fluoropolymers are comprehensively detailed for immediate use by today's practicing engineering and scientists in the plastics industry. Students will benefit from the book's arrangement and extensive references.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART I\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Fundamentals\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Fluoropolymers: Properties and Structure \u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Operational Classification of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Homofluoropolymer Monomers \u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Polymerization and Finishing Melt Processible Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Commercial Grades of Melt Processible Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART II\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Injection Molding\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9 Rotational Molding and Lining\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10 Other Molding Techniques\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 Fluoropolymer Foams \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART III\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12 Chemical Properties of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13 Properties of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14 Fabrication Techniques for Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003eChapter 15 Fluoropolymer Applications in the Microelectronics Industry \u003cbr\u003eChapter 16 Typical Applications of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 17 Safety, Disposal, and Recycling of Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I High Temperature Resistance of Fluoropolymers to Automotive Fuels \u003cbr\u003eAppendix II Permeation Properties of Perfluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix III Permeation Properties of Partially Fluorinated Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV Permeation Properties of Automotive Fuels Through Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix V Permeation of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Through \u003cbr\u003eFluoroplastics Film\u003cbr\u003eAppendix VI Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical, Physical, and Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003eProperties of Fluoroplastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix VII Modulus Data for Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlossary\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Sina Ebnesajjad is a Senior Technology Associate in the Fluoropolymers Division of DuPont Fluoroproducts in Wilmington, Delaware, where he has been involved in a variety of technical assignments since 1986. He earned his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:34-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:34-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","applications","blow molding","book","characteristics","compression molding","disposal","electrical","extrusion","film","fluoropolymers","injection molding","melt-processible","p-chemistry","perfluoroplastics","polymer","polymerization","properties","recycling","rotational molding","safety","semiconductor industries","transfer molding","tube","wire"],"price":25500,"price_min":25500,"price_max":25500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378361284,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Fluoroplastics: Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics. Volume 2","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":25500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"1-884207-96-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-96-0.jpg?v=1499386513"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-96-0.jpg?v=1499386513","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354807611485,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.771,"height":450,"width":347,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-96-0.jpg?v=1499386513"},"aspect_ratio":0.771,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-884207-96-0.jpg?v=1499386513","width":347}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Sina Ebnesajjad \u003cbr\u003eISBN \u003cspan\u003e1-884207-96-0\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"weak inline printman\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\nDuPont Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, DE, USA\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis is the second of a two-volume series of books about fluoroplastics. Volume 1 covers the non-melt processible homopolymers, requiring non-traditional processing techniques. Volume 2 is devoted to the melt-processible fluoropolymers, their polymerization and fabrication techniques including injection molding, wire, tube, and film extrusion, rotational molding, blow molding, compression molding, and transfer molding. Both a source of data and a reference, the properties, characteristics, applications, safety, disposal, and recycling of melt-processible fluoropolymers are comprehensively detailed for immediate use by today's practicing engineering and scientists in the plastics industry. Students will benefit from the book's arrangement and extensive references.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART I\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1 Fundamentals\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2 Fluoropolymers: Properties and Structure \u003cbr\u003eChapter 3 Operational Classification of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4 Homofluoropolymer Monomers \u003cbr\u003eChapter 5 Polymerization and Finishing Melt Processible Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6 Commercial Grades of Melt Processible Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART II\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7 Injection Molding\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8 Extrusion\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9 Rotational Molding and Lining\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10 Other Molding Techniques\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 Fluoropolymer Foams \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePART III\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12 Chemical Properties of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13 Properties of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14 Fabrication Techniques for Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003eChapter 15 Fluoropolymer Applications in the Microelectronics Industry \u003cbr\u003eChapter 16 Typical Applications of Fluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003eChapter 17 Safety, Disposal, and Recycling of Fluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix I High Temperature Resistance of Fluoropolymers to Automotive Fuels \u003cbr\u003eAppendix II Permeation Properties of Perfluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix III Permeation Properties of Partially Fluorinated Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix IV Permeation Properties of Automotive Fuels Through Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003eAppendix V Permeation of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Through \u003cbr\u003eFluoroplastics Film\u003cbr\u003eAppendix VI Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical, Physical, and Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003eProperties of Fluoroplastics\u003cbr\u003eAppendix VII Modulus Data for Fluoroplastics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlossary\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Sina Ebnesajjad is a Senior Technology Associate in the Fluoropolymers Division of DuPont Fluoroproducts in Wilmington, Delaware, where he has been involved in a variety of technical assignments since 1986. He earned his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}

Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics: Converting Waste Plastics into Diesel and Other Fuels

Description Author: Eds. Scheirs, Walter Kaminsky ISBN 978-0-470-02152-1 pages 816, Hardcover Summary Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into...

$480.00

{"id":11242207940,"title":"Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics: Converting Waste Plastics into Diesel and Other Fuels","handle":"978-0-470-02152-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eds. Scheirs, Walter Kaminsky \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-02152-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 816, Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic\/waste oil, waste plastics\/coal, and waste plastics\/rubber.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContributors. \u003cbr\u003eSeries Preface. \u003cbr\u003ePreface. \u003cbr\u003eAbout the Editors. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI INTRODUCTION.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1 Introduction to Feedstock Recycling of Plastics (A. Buekens). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII CATALYTIC CRACKING.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e2 Acid-Catalyzed Cracking of Polyolefins: Primary Reaction Mechanisms (Robert L. White). \u003cbr\u003e3 Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes (J. Aguado, D. P. Serrano, and J. M. Escola). \u003cbr\u003e4 Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefins (Jerzy Walendziewski). \u003cbr\u003e5 Thermal and Catalytic Degradation of Waste HDPE (Kyong-Hwan Lee). \u003cbr\u003e6 Development of a Process for the Continuous Conversion of Waste Plastics Mixtures to Fuel (Takao Masuda and Teruoki Tago). \u003cbr\u003e7 Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to Fuel over Microporous Materials (George Manos). \u003cbr\u003e8 Liquefaction of Municipal Waste Plastics over Acidic and Nonacidic Catalysts (Jale Yanik and Tamer Karayildirim). \u003cbr\u003e9 Kinetic Model of the Chemical and Catalytic Recycling of Waste Polyethylene into Fuels (Norbert Miskolczi). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII QUALITY OF FUELS.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e10 Production of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Pyrolysis and Gasification of Plastics: Technological Approach (C. Gisèle Jung and André Fontana). \u003cbr\u003e11 Yield and Composition of Gases and Oils\/Waxes from the Feedstock Recycling of Waste Plastic (Paul T. Williams). \u003cbr\u003e12 Composition of Liquid Fuels Derived from the Pyrolysis of Plastics (Marianne Blazsó). \u003cbr\u003e13 Production of Premium Oil Products from Waste Plastic by Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing (S.J. Miller, N. Shah and G.P. Huffman). \u003cbr\u003e14 The Conversion of Waste Plastics\/Petroleum Residue Mixtures to Transportation Fuels (Mohammad Farhat Ali and Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV REACTOR TYPES.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e15 Overview of Commercial Pyrolysis Processes for Waste Plastics (John Scheirs). \u003cbr\u003e16 Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes (Umberto Arena and Maria Laura Mastellone). \u003cbr\u003e17 The Hamburg Fluidized-bed Pyrolysis Process to Recycle Polymer Wastes and Tires (Walter Kaminsky). \u003cbr\u003e18 Liquefaction of PVC Mixed Plastics (Thallada Bhaskar and Yusaku Sakata). \u003cbr\u003e19 Liquid Fuel from Plastic Wastes Using Extrusion–Rotary Kiln Reactors (Sam Behzadi and Mohammed Farid). \u003cbr\u003e20 Rotary Kiln Pyrolysis of Polymers Containing Heteroatoms (Andreas Hornung and Helmut Seifert). \u003cbr\u003e21 Microwave Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes (C. Ludlow-Palafox and H.A. Chase). \u003cbr\u003e22 Continuous Thermal Process for Cracking Polyolefin Wastes to Produce Hydrocarbons (Jean Dispons). \u003cbr\u003e23 Waste Plastic Pyrolysis in Free-Fall Reactors (Ali Y. Bilgesü, M. Çetin Koçak, and Ali Karaduman). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV MONOMER RECOVERY.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e24 Monomer Recovery of Plastic Waste in a Fluidized Bed Process (Walter Kaminsky). \u003cbr\u003e25 Feedstock Recycling of PET (Toshiaki Yoshioka and Guido Grause). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVI ASIAN DEVELOPMENTS.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e26 The Liquefaction of Plastic Containers and Packaging in Japan (A. Okuwaki, T. Yoshioka, M. Asai, H. Tachibana, K. Wakai, K. Tada). \u003cbr\u003e27 Process and Equipment for Conversions of Waste Plastics into Fuels (Alka Zadgaonkar). \u003cbr\u003e28 Converting Waste Plastics into Liquid Fuel by Pyrolysis: Developments in China (Yuan Xingzhong). \u003cbr\u003eIndex. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Scheirs\u003c\/strong\u003e is a polymer research specialist with broad interests in polystyrenes and styrenic copolymers. He is the principal consultant with ExcelPlas, a polymer consulting company. John was born in 1965 in Melbourne and studies applied chemistry at the University of Melbourne. He has worked on projects concerning the fracture, stress cracking, processing, characterization and recycling of styrenic polymers. John has authored over 50 scientific papers, including 8 encyclopedia chapters, and a number of books on polymer analysis and polymer recycling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfessor Walter Kaminsky\u003c\/strong\u003e studied chemistry at the University of Hamburg. Since 1979 he has been a full professor of technical and macromolecular chemistry at the University of Hamburg. He supervises a group of 20 students and scientists in the field of metallocene\/MAO catalysis and a group in the field of recycling of plastics and scrap tires by pyrolysis. He was President of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh), Hamburg section, Dean of the faculty of chemistry at the University of Hamburg, Director of the Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, and is a member of the GDCh, DECHEMA, Naturforscher und Ärzte, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, and American Chemical Society. He has published more than 200 papers\/books and holds 20 patents. He has organized several international symposia in the field of olefin polymerization and pyrolysis of polymer wastes. He is the advisor for authorities and companies in the fields of metallocene catalysts, polymerization of olefins, and recycling of plastics and environmental protection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:01-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:01-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2006","book","catalytic cracking","degradation","feedstock recycling","fluidized","gases","plastics","polyolefin","pyrolysis","racking","reactor types","recycling","waste"],"price":48000,"price_min":48000,"price_max":48000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378327428,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics: Converting Waste Plastics into Diesel and Other Fuels","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":48000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-470-02152-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-02152-1.jpg?v=1499385819"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-02152-1.jpg?v=1499385819","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354805710941,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.764,"height":450,"width":344,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-02152-1.jpg?v=1499385819"},"aspect_ratio":0.764,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-02152-1.jpg?v=1499385819","width":344}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Eds. Scheirs, Walter Kaminsky \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-02152-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 816, Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic\/waste oil, waste plastics\/coal, and waste plastics\/rubber.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContributors. \u003cbr\u003eSeries Preface. \u003cbr\u003ePreface. \u003cbr\u003eAbout the Editors. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI INTRODUCTION.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1 Introduction to Feedstock Recycling of Plastics (A. Buekens). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII CATALYTIC CRACKING.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e2 Acid-Catalyzed Cracking of Polyolefins: Primary Reaction Mechanisms (Robert L. White). \u003cbr\u003e3 Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes (J. Aguado, D. P. Serrano, and J. M. Escola). \u003cbr\u003e4 Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefins (Jerzy Walendziewski). \u003cbr\u003e5 Thermal and Catalytic Degradation of Waste HDPE (Kyong-Hwan Lee). \u003cbr\u003e6 Development of a Process for the Continuous Conversion of Waste Plastics Mixtures to Fuel (Takao Masuda and Teruoki Tago). \u003cbr\u003e7 Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to Fuel over Microporous Materials (George Manos). \u003cbr\u003e8 Liquefaction of Municipal Waste Plastics over Acidic and Nonacidic Catalysts (Jale Yanik and Tamer Karayildirim). \u003cbr\u003e9 Kinetic Model of the Chemical and Catalytic Recycling of Waste Polyethylene into Fuels (Norbert Miskolczi). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII QUALITY OF FUELS.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e10 Production of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels by Pyrolysis and Gasification of Plastics: Technological Approach (C. Gisèle Jung and André Fontana). \u003cbr\u003e11 Yield and Composition of Gases and Oils\/Waxes from the Feedstock Recycling of Waste Plastic (Paul T. Williams). \u003cbr\u003e12 Composition of Liquid Fuels Derived from the Pyrolysis of Plastics (Marianne Blazsó). \u003cbr\u003e13 Production of Premium Oil Products from Waste Plastic by Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing (S.J. Miller, N. Shah and G.P. Huffman). \u003cbr\u003e14 The Conversion of Waste Plastics\/Petroleum Residue Mixtures to Transportation Fuels (Mohammad Farhat Ali and Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV REACTOR TYPES.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e15 Overview of Commercial Pyrolysis Processes for Waste Plastics (John Scheirs). \u003cbr\u003e16 Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes (Umberto Arena and Maria Laura Mastellone). \u003cbr\u003e17 The Hamburg Fluidized-bed Pyrolysis Process to Recycle Polymer Wastes and Tires (Walter Kaminsky). \u003cbr\u003e18 Liquefaction of PVC Mixed Plastics (Thallada Bhaskar and Yusaku Sakata). \u003cbr\u003e19 Liquid Fuel from Plastic Wastes Using Extrusion–Rotary Kiln Reactors (Sam Behzadi and Mohammed Farid). \u003cbr\u003e20 Rotary Kiln Pyrolysis of Polymers Containing Heteroatoms (Andreas Hornung and Helmut Seifert). \u003cbr\u003e21 Microwave Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes (C. Ludlow-Palafox and H.A. Chase). \u003cbr\u003e22 Continuous Thermal Process for Cracking Polyolefin Wastes to Produce Hydrocarbons (Jean Dispons). \u003cbr\u003e23 Waste Plastic Pyrolysis in Free-Fall Reactors (Ali Y. Bilgesü, M. Çetin Koçak, and Ali Karaduman). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV MONOMER RECOVERY.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e24 Monomer Recovery of Plastic Waste in a Fluidized Bed Process (Walter Kaminsky). \u003cbr\u003e25 Feedstock Recycling of PET (Toshiaki Yoshioka and Guido Grause). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVI ASIAN DEVELOPMENTS.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e26 The Liquefaction of Plastic Containers and Packaging in Japan (A. Okuwaki, T. Yoshioka, M. Asai, H. Tachibana, K. Wakai, K. Tada). \u003cbr\u003e27 Process and Equipment for Conversions of Waste Plastics into Fuels (Alka Zadgaonkar). \u003cbr\u003e28 Converting Waste Plastics into Liquid Fuel by Pyrolysis: Developments in China (Yuan Xingzhong). \u003cbr\u003eIndex. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Scheirs\u003c\/strong\u003e is a polymer research specialist with broad interests in polystyrenes and styrenic copolymers. He is the principal consultant with ExcelPlas, a polymer consulting company. John was born in 1965 in Melbourne and studies applied chemistry at the University of Melbourne. He has worked on projects concerning the fracture, stress cracking, processing, characterization and recycling of styrenic polymers. John has authored over 50 scientific papers, including 8 encyclopedia chapters, and a number of books on polymer analysis and polymer recycling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProfessor Walter Kaminsky\u003c\/strong\u003e studied chemistry at the University of Hamburg. Since 1979 he has been a full professor of technical and macromolecular chemistry at the University of Hamburg. He supervises a group of 20 students and scientists in the field of metallocene\/MAO catalysis and a group in the field of recycling of plastics and scrap tires by pyrolysis. He was President of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh), Hamburg section, Dean of the faculty of chemistry at the University of Hamburg, Director of the Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, and is a member of the GDCh, DECHEMA, Naturforscher und Ärzte, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, and American Chemical Society. He has published more than 200 papers\/books and holds 20 patents. He has organized several international symposia in the field of olefin polymerization and pyrolysis of polymer wastes. He is the advisor for authorities and companies in the fields of metallocene catalysts, polymerization of olefins, and recycling of plastics and environmental protection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}

End-of-Life Tyres-Exploiting their Value

Description Author: P.W. Dufton ISBN 978-1-85957-241-2 Pages: 210, Figures: 7, Tables: 50 Summary Much has happened recently in the field of waste management and this has had a strong impact on the handling of used tires. This Rapra Industry Analysis Report provides up-to-date data and comment about the progress in the UK, Europe and North America...

$450.00

{"id":11242225092,"title":"End-of-Life Tyres-Exploiting their Value","handle":"978-1-85957-241-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.W. Dufton \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-241-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 210, Figures: 7, Tables: 50\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nMuch has happened recently in the field of waste management and this has had a strong impact on the handling of used tires. This Rapra Industry Analysis Report provides up-to-date data and comment about the progress in the UK, Europe and North America in the handling of the problem of used tires once removed from vehicles. Legislation in Europe is concentrating the minds of authorities and operators alike, to provide sustainable solutions to the recovery and recycling of these tires and to maximize the benefit from such activity. \u003cbr\u003eThe report considers the various options for the recovery and recycling of used tires. A brief description of tire construction and design is accompanied by a discussion of trends in tire manufacturing and how these may affect subsequent recycling. After an analysis of the retread industry and its relevance to the recycling issues, the different routes that a non-retreadable tire may take are examined: rubber crumb production, pyrolysis, reclaim rubber and other chemical or thermal processes that yield a selection of end products. The processes involved and the applications of the resulting materials are discussed. Recovery of energy from used Tires by incineration and the techniques involved is also reviewed. \u003cbr\u003eThe regulatory initiatives and legislative pressures likely to affect the management of end-of-life tires are considered with discussion of the situation in Europe, North America and Japan. Estimates are provided\u003cbr\u003efor the quantities of tires involved. Analysis of these figures allows comparison between the various recycling activities and the emerging trends are discussed. \u003cbr\u003eThe report is of interest to a range of different sectors from those responsible for waste management, regulatory bodies and local authorities through retreaders and recyclers to those who make rubber-containing products or who plan to enhance value from the materials contained in end-of-life tires.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPeter W. Dufton graduated from Cambridge University in materials Science before taking a research degree for work on mechanical properties of high strength aircraft materials. He joined Dunlop in 1970 to work on tire reinforcement materials before moving within the company to technical support and product development in the Overseas Division. This was followed by a period as Overseas Business Development Manager in Dunlop Adhesives. Since joining Rapra in 1987, as a consultant in the business analysis and publishing areas, he has undertaken multi-client work in the field of market research on a range of topics. These include tires, fire-related matters, wire and cable and various other end-use sectors for the polymers, individual polymer materials development and compounding additives. He is also the author of several reports in the Rapra Industry Analysis Series.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:58-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:58-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","acrylate rubber","book","crumb","incineration","plastics","pyrolysis","r-properties","recovery","recycling","rubber","tires","waste"],"price":45000,"price_min":45000,"price_max":45000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378390404,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"End-of-Life Tyres-Exploiting their Value","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":45000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-241-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-241-2.jpg?v=1499727385"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-241-2.jpg?v=1499727385","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":354794504285,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-241-2.jpg?v=1499727385"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-241-2.jpg?v=1499727385","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.W. Dufton \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-241-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 210, Figures: 7, Tables: 50\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nMuch has happened recently in the field of waste management and this has had a strong impact on the handling of used tires. This Rapra Industry Analysis Report provides up-to-date data and comment about the progress in the UK, Europe and North America in the handling of the problem of used tires once removed from vehicles. Legislation in Europe is concentrating the minds of authorities and operators alike, to provide sustainable solutions to the recovery and recycling of these tires and to maximize the benefit from such activity. \u003cbr\u003eThe report considers the various options for the recovery and recycling of used tires. A brief description of tire construction and design is accompanied by a discussion of trends in tire manufacturing and how these may affect subsequent recycling. After an analysis of the retread industry and its relevance to the recycling issues, the different routes that a non-retreadable tire may take are examined: rubber crumb production, pyrolysis, reclaim rubber and other chemical or thermal processes that yield a selection of end products. The processes involved and the applications of the resulting materials are discussed. Recovery of energy from used Tires by incineration and the techniques involved is also reviewed. \u003cbr\u003eThe regulatory initiatives and legislative pressures likely to affect the management of end-of-life tires are considered with discussion of the situation in Europe, North America and Japan. Estimates are provided\u003cbr\u003efor the quantities of tires involved. Analysis of these figures allows comparison between the various recycling activities and the emerging trends are discussed. \u003cbr\u003eThe report is of interest to a range of different sectors from those responsible for waste management, regulatory bodies and local authorities through retreaders and recyclers to those who make rubber-containing products or who plan to enhance value from the materials contained in end-of-life tires.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPeter W. Dufton graduated from Cambridge University in materials Science before taking a research degree for work on mechanical properties of high strength aircraft materials. He joined Dunlop in 1970 to work on tire reinforcement materials before moving within the company to technical support and product development in the Overseas Division. This was followed by a period as Overseas Business Development Manager in Dunlop Adhesives. Since joining Rapra in 1987, as a consultant in the business analysis and publishing areas, he has undertaken multi-client work in the field of market research on a range of topics. These include tires, fire-related matters, wire and cable and various other end-use sectors for the polymers, individual polymer materials development and compounding additives. He is also the author of several reports in the Rapra Industry Analysis Series."}

Conversion of Polymer Wastes & Energetics

Description Author: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger ISBN 1-895198-06-2 Fraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables Summary This book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany,...

$80.00

{"id":11242252740,"title":"Conversion of Polymer Wastes \u0026 Energetics","handle":"1-895198-06-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-895198-06-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, contracted by the German Government to organize and investigate various aspects of recycling. Monograph emphasizes the importance of proper planning of the recycling process and the system design including all levels and links in the material cycle. Software, developed to monitor and optimize the entire process, and recycling logistics is used for car component recycling. Several chapters deal with various methods of waste processing, including pyrolysis, hydrogenation, composting, and conversion to a powder coating. Process descriptions permit comparison of various methods with respect to economy and end-result. The second part of the book addresses problems encountered in the disposal of various types of munitions. Germany has to dispose of enormous amounts of these materials, accumulated in Eastern Germany.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:23-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:23-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1994","book","composting","conversion to a powder coating","energetics","environment","hydrogenation","plastics","pollution","polymers","processes","pyrolysis","recycling","waste","waste processing"],"price":8000,"price_min":8000,"price_max":8000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378482308,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Conversion of Polymer Wastes \u0026 Energetics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":8000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"1-895198-06-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353965801565,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-06-2.jpg?v=1499211710","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: H. H. Krause and J. M. L. Penninger \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-895198-06-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFraunhofer-Institut fur Chemische Technologie-ICT, Germany Sparqle International, B.V., The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e134 pages, 64 figures, 23 tables\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book shares developments in recycling in Germany and Italy. Most chapters are based on the research work conducted in the Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology in Germany, contracted by the German Government to organize and investigate various aspects of recycling. Monograph emphasizes the importance of proper planning of the recycling process and the system design including all levels and links in the material cycle. Software, developed to monitor and optimize the entire process, and recycling logistics is used for car component recycling. Several chapters deal with various methods of waste processing, including pyrolysis, hydrogenation, composting, and conversion to a powder coating. Process descriptions permit comparison of various methods with respect to economy and end-result. The second part of the book addresses problems encountered in the disposal of various types of munitions. Germany has to dispose of enormous amounts of these materials, accumulated in Eastern Germany."}

Cellular Polymers III

Description Author: Conference ISBN 978-1-85957-038-8 25 papers, softbound Summary The material covers all aspects of elastomeric and rigid foams including: Thermal performance of insulating foams; Analysis of fire gases; The progress of CFC-free foams; Recycling and waste management; Gas transfer; Novel additives and synthesis techniques; Manufacturing developments for a range of foamed materials; Impact properties. Table...

$60.00

{"id":11242247172,"title":"Cellular Polymers III","handle":"978-1-85957-038-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-038-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e25 papers, softbound\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material covers all aspects of elastomeric and rigid foams including: Thermal performance of insulating foams; Analysis of fire gases; The progress of CFC-free foams; Recycling and waste management; Gas transfer; Novel additives and synthesis techniques; Manufacturing developments for a range of foamed materials; Impact properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nList of Papers: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse of the Distributed Parameter Continuum (DIPAC) Model for Estimating the Long Term Thermal Performance of Insulating Foams, Mark T. Bomberg and Mavinkal K Kumaran, National Research Council, Canada \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevelopment of a Method tor Measuring Radial Creep of District Heating Pipes, H. D. Smidt, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark and L. Amby, Logstor Ror A\/S, Denmark \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse of FTIR to Analyze Fire Gases from Burning Polyurethane Foams, K.T. Paul, Rapra Technology Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCFC-free Thermal Insulation Foams, C.W.F. Yu, D.R. Crump and D. Gardiner, Building Research Establishment, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Review of Life Cycle Assessment - A Tool for Measuring the Environmental Impact of Cellular Polymers, Dr David Heath, ICI Engineering Technology, UK and Dr. Vanja Markovic, ICI Polyurethanes\/ISOPA, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"CFC-Free\" The Scope of the Achievement so far, P. Ashford, Caleb Management Services, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Future of Foam Plastic Insulation in the Light of Climate Chance Legislation, J.G. Abbott, Dow Europe SA., Switzerland \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcess by which Controls on Chemicals are Introduced into European Community Legislation, J. Neill, European Commission, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUtilization of Polymeric Isocyanate Based Binders in Recycling of Automotive Shredder Fluff, K.C. Frisch, A. Sendijarevic, V. Sendijarevic and D. Klempner, University of Detroit Mercy, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecovery and Recycling of Polyurethane Foams, E. Weigand, Bayer AG, Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWaste Management of EPS in Europe, T. van Dorp, Shell Chemicals Europe, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecovery of Value from Waste: The Government View, P. Coombs, Department of Trade and Industry, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCell Structure Development in Compression Molded, Crosslinked Polyethylene and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Foam, G.L.A. Sims and C. Khunniteekool, University of Manchester and UMIST, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Influence of Low Molecular Additives on Gas Transport Properties in Polyethylene Films and Foams, W P Nauta and R.H.B. Bouma, University of Twente, J.E.F. Arnauts and H. M. Steuten, DSM Research, The Netherlands \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyether Triols,Tetrahydrofurame-Alkyleneoxides Copolymers for Flexible Polyurethane Foams, M. Ionescu, I. Mihalache, V. Zugravu and S. Mihai, Institute of Chemical Research, Romania \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolubility and Nucleation Phenomena in Rigid PU Foam Expansion by Low Boiling Blowing Agents; a Modelling Approach, Henri J.M. Gruenbauer, Dow Benelux NV, The Netherlands \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLiquid Crystalline Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties and Application, B. Szczepaniak and P. Penczek, Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, A. Wolinska-Grabczyk, Institute of Coal Chemistry, and K.C. Frisch University of Detroit Mercy, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane Reactions According to Computational Chemistry, Nelson Malwitz, Sealed Air Corporation, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRigid PVC Foams: A New Twist to an Old Technology, K. Redford, L.T. Hoydal, A. Stori, and K.H. Holm, SINTEF, Norway, A. Jorgensen and J. Grovdal, Dynoplast AS, Norway \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Solid State Semi-Continuous Process to Make PET Foam Sheets, V. Kumar, University of Washington Seattle, USA and H. G. Schirmer, W. R. Grace Co., USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe CarDio(TM) Process: Industrial Production Experiences, Carlo Florentini, Cannon Afros, Italy, Max Taverna, Cannon Communications, Italy, Barry Collings, Cannon, USA, Tony Griffiths, Cannon Viking, Italy \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Manufacture of Flexible Polyurethane Foams by the Variable Pressure Process V.P.F., J. B. Blackwell and G. Buckley, Beamech Group Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Balance of Formulation, Processing Conditions in the Manufacture of Crosslinked Polyethylene Foam, G.L.A. Sims and W. Sirithongtaworn, University of Manchester and UMIST, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInteraction between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams, J. M. Williams and J. H. Beynon, University of Leicester, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnalysis of Impact of Two-Layer Foams, and Evaluation of Body Protectors, A. Gilchrist and N.J. Mills, University of Birmingham, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:06-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:06-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1995","additives","book","foam","impact properties","insulation","p-structural","polymer","polyurethane foams","recycling"],"price":6000,"price_min":6000,"price_max":6000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378463108,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Cellular Polymers III","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":6000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-038-8.jpg?v=1499212420"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-038-8.jpg?v=1499212420","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353968488541,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-038-8.jpg?v=1499212420"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-038-8.jpg?v=1499212420","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-038-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e25 papers, softbound\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe material covers all aspects of elastomeric and rigid foams including: Thermal performance of insulating foams; Analysis of fire gases; The progress of CFC-free foams; Recycling and waste management; Gas transfer; Novel additives and synthesis techniques; Manufacturing developments for a range of foamed materials; Impact properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nList of Papers: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse of the Distributed Parameter Continuum (DIPAC) Model for Estimating the Long Term Thermal Performance of Insulating Foams, Mark T. Bomberg and Mavinkal K Kumaran, National Research Council, Canada \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDevelopment of a Method tor Measuring Radial Creep of District Heating Pipes, H. D. Smidt, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark and L. Amby, Logstor Ror A\/S, Denmark \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUse of FTIR to Analyze Fire Gases from Burning Polyurethane Foams, K.T. Paul, Rapra Technology Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCFC-free Thermal Insulation Foams, C.W.F. Yu, D.R. Crump and D. Gardiner, Building Research Establishment, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Review of Life Cycle Assessment - A Tool for Measuring the Environmental Impact of Cellular Polymers, Dr David Heath, ICI Engineering Technology, UK and Dr. Vanja Markovic, ICI Polyurethanes\/ISOPA, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"CFC-Free\" The Scope of the Achievement so far, P. Ashford, Caleb Management Services, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Future of Foam Plastic Insulation in the Light of Climate Chance Legislation, J.G. Abbott, Dow Europe SA., Switzerland \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcess by which Controls on Chemicals are Introduced into European Community Legislation, J. Neill, European Commission, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUtilization of Polymeric Isocyanate Based Binders in Recycling of Automotive Shredder Fluff, K.C. Frisch, A. Sendijarevic, V. Sendijarevic and D. Klempner, University of Detroit Mercy, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecovery and Recycling of Polyurethane Foams, E. Weigand, Bayer AG, Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWaste Management of EPS in Europe, T. van Dorp, Shell Chemicals Europe, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecovery of Value from Waste: The Government View, P. Coombs, Department of Trade and Industry, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCell Structure Development in Compression Molded, Crosslinked Polyethylene and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Foam, G.L.A. Sims and C. Khunniteekool, University of Manchester and UMIST, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Influence of Low Molecular Additives on Gas Transport Properties in Polyethylene Films and Foams, W P Nauta and R.H.B. Bouma, University of Twente, J.E.F. Arnauts and H. M. Steuten, DSM Research, The Netherlands \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyether Triols,Tetrahydrofurame-Alkyleneoxides Copolymers for Flexible Polyurethane Foams, M. Ionescu, I. Mihalache, V. Zugravu and S. Mihai, Institute of Chemical Research, Romania \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSolubility and Nucleation Phenomena in Rigid PU Foam Expansion by Low Boiling Blowing Agents; a Modelling Approach, Henri J.M. Gruenbauer, Dow Benelux NV, The Netherlands \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLiquid Crystalline Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties and Application, B. Szczepaniak and P. Penczek, Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, A. Wolinska-Grabczyk, Institute of Coal Chemistry, and K.C. Frisch University of Detroit Mercy, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane Reactions According to Computational Chemistry, Nelson Malwitz, Sealed Air Corporation, USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRigid PVC Foams: A New Twist to an Old Technology, K. Redford, L.T. Hoydal, A. Stori, and K.H. Holm, SINTEF, Norway, A. Jorgensen and J. Grovdal, Dynoplast AS, Norway \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Solid State Semi-Continuous Process to Make PET Foam Sheets, V. Kumar, University of Washington Seattle, USA and H. G. Schirmer, W. R. Grace Co., USA \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe CarDio(TM) Process: Industrial Production Experiences, Carlo Florentini, Cannon Afros, Italy, Max Taverna, Cannon Communications, Italy, Barry Collings, Cannon, USA, Tony Griffiths, Cannon Viking, Italy \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Manufacture of Flexible Polyurethane Foams by the Variable Pressure Process V.P.F., J. B. Blackwell and G. Buckley, Beamech Group Limited, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Balance of Formulation, Processing Conditions in the Manufacture of Crosslinked Polyethylene Foam, G.L.A. Sims and W. Sirithongtaworn, University of Manchester and UMIST, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInteraction between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams, J. M. Williams and J. H. Beynon, University of Leicester, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnalysis of Impact of Two-Layer Foams, and Evaluation of Body Protectors, A. Gilchrist and N.J. Mills, University of Birmingham, UK\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}

Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook - Processing and Materials

Description Author: Myer Kutz ISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7 574 pages, 1st. Edition Summary The expert contributors to this new handbook demystify new technologies and materials and present the fundamentals of plastics engineering for optimal engineering and business decisions.Key Features • Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified...

$265.00

{"id":11242218436,"title":"Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook - Processing and Materials","handle":"978-1-4377-3514-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Myer Kutz \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e574 pages, 1st. Edition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe expert contributors to this new handbook demystify new technologies and materials and present the fundamentals of plastics engineering for optimal engineering and business decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don’t teach you in school, and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up to speed on a new field.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe depth and detail of the coverage of new developments enable engineers and managers to gain knowledge of, and evaluate, new technologies and materials in key growth areas such as biomaterials and nanotechnology.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis highly practical handbook is set apart from other references in the field, is written by engineers for an audience of engineers and providing a wealth of real-world examples, best practice guidance, and rules-of-thumb.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuotes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn authoritative source of practical advice for engineers, providing authoritative guidance from experts that will lead to cost savings and process improvements. Throughout the book, the focus is on the engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. The properties of plastics are explained along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing and analyzing them. Materials and additives are described as well as their characteristics and effects. The technologies and machinery used in processing operations are covered with reference to product design. And recent developments in a cross-section of applications demonstrate in a pragmatic way, the opportunities as well as the limitations of plastics.\"--Biospace.com\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPart I Plastics Engineering: Basic Fundamentals (7 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction to Plastics Engineering (sections 1-4 and 6-8 of old Chapter 22, The Plastics Industry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting and Instrumental Analysis for the plastics processing industry: key technologies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics Processing (sections 5 of old Chapter 22, The Plastics Industry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditives for Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II Plastics Engineering: New Developments\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics Materials (9 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineering Thermoplastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic Elastomers and Their Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoset Elastomers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanocomposites: preparation, structure, properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyolefins\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymeric Biomaterials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditives (7 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdhesion Promotion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCoatings and Colorant Processing Fundamentals (two chapters combined)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDispersants and Coupling Agents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctional Fillers for Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlasticizers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymer Stabilization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcesses (11 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBlow Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChaotic advection and its application for forming structured plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChemical Mechanical Polishing: Role of Polymeric Additives and Composite Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCompression Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExtrusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInjection Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMicrocellular Processing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRotational Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoforming\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcess Monitoring \u0026amp; Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecycling of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplications (6 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDesign of Plastic Parts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics in Building and Construction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastic Piping Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTissue Engineering Scaffolds Fabrication\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nEdited by Myer Kutz, Myer Kutz Associates. Inc., Delmar, NY, USA\u003c\/li\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:36-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:36-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2011","additives","applications","biomaterials","book","material","plastics","recycling","testing"],"price":26500,"price_min":26500,"price_max":26500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378362180,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook - Processing and Materials","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":26500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-4377-3514-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3514-7.jpg?v=1498190758"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3514-7.jpg?v=1498190758","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350156128349,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3514-7.jpg?v=1498190758"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-4377-3514-7.jpg?v=1498190758","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Myer Kutz \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e574 pages, 1st. Edition\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe expert contributors to this new handbook demystify new technologies and materials and present the fundamentals of plastics engineering for optimal engineering and business decisions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e• Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don’t teach you in school, and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up to speed on a new field.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe depth and detail of the coverage of new developments enable engineers and managers to gain knowledge of, and evaluate, new technologies and materials in key growth areas such as biomaterials and nanotechnology.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis highly practical handbook is set apart from other references in the field, is written by engineers for an audience of engineers and providing a wealth of real-world examples, best practice guidance, and rules-of-thumb.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuotes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn authoritative source of practical advice for engineers, providing authoritative guidance from experts that will lead to cost savings and process improvements. Throughout the book, the focus is on the engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. The properties of plastics are explained along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing and analyzing them. Materials and additives are described as well as their characteristics and effects. The technologies and machinery used in processing operations are covered with reference to product design. And recent developments in a cross-section of applications demonstrate in a pragmatic way, the opportunities as well as the limitations of plastics.\"--Biospace.com\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPart I Plastics Engineering: Basic Fundamentals (7 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction to Plastics Engineering (sections 1-4 and 6-8 of old Chapter 22, The Plastics Industry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eElectrical Properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMechanical Properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting and Instrumental Analysis for the plastics processing industry: key technologies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics Processing (sections 5 of old Chapter 22, The Plastics Industry)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditives for Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart II Plastics Engineering: New Developments\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics Materials (9 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineering Thermoplastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic Elastomers and Their Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoset Elastomers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNanocomposites: preparation, structure, properties\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyolefins\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiodegradable Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymeric Biomaterials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditives (7 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdhesion Promotion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCoatings and Colorant Processing Fundamentals (two chapters combined)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDispersants and Coupling Agents\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctional Fillers for Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlasticizers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymer Stabilization\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcesses (11 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBlow Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChaotic advection and its application for forming structured plastic materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChemical Mechanical Polishing: Role of Polymeric Additives and Composite Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCompression Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExtrusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInjection Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMicrocellular Processing\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRotational Molding\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoforming\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProcess Monitoring \u0026amp; Control\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecycling of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplications (6 chapters)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDesign of Plastic Parts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastics in Building and Construction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Applications\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlastic Piping Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTissue Engineering Scaffolds Fabrication\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nEdited by Myer Kutz, Myer Kutz Associates. Inc., Delmar, NY, USA\u003c\/li\u003e"}

items 21 to 34 of total