Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives
Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives
Author: George Wypych
ISBN 978-1-895198-45-4
Second Edition
Pages: 340
Tables: 116
Figures: 130
ISBN 978-1-895198-45-4
Second Edition
Pages: 340
Tables: 116
Figures: 130
$275.00
This handbook is the first ever book written on the subject of antiblocking, release, and slip additives, which are of high industrial importance. The second edition has included all new information which became available in the last six years since the publication of the first edition.
Eighteen chemical families form a core of industrial developments, which resulted in a large number of commercial products used by industry as antiblocking, release, and slip additives.
These additives are used in the production of materials from 44 generic families of polymers. Polymers containing antiblocking, release, and slip additives are processed by 17 groups of processing methods. The processing methods are used by 29 industries.
Information on the use of additives in various polymers is divided into the following sections: Types and concentrations, Effect on polymer and/or other additives, and Typical formulations.
Information on the use of additives in various products is divided into the following sections: Types and concentrations, Reasons for use, Advantages and disadvantages of additive use, Effect on product properties, and Examples of formulations.
Processing methods are discussed using the following breakdown: Types and concentrations, Effect on the process, Effect on product properties, Advantages and disadvantages of additive use, Examples of formulations.
A complete analysis of literature and patents available from the first use of these additives until now is included in the book. The book considers all essential aspects of chemistry, physical properties, influence on properties of final products, formulations, methods of incorporation, analysis, and effects on health and environment.
The book contains 18 chapters, each addressing the specific aspect of properties and applications of antiblocking, release, and slip agents. In addition, a separate publication is available (Database of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Agents), which is a database of commercial and generic materials used as antiblocking, release, and slip additives in various (not only polymeric) materials.
The combination of the data and the comprehensive analysis of the performance of these materials form very important source of information for industry, research, academia, and legislature. These publications should be considered by any industrial, university, governmental, and public library because of widespread applications of these additives in the industry and everyday life.
Eighteen chemical families form a core of industrial developments, which resulted in a large number of commercial products used by industry as antiblocking, release, and slip additives.
These additives are used in the production of materials from 44 generic families of polymers. Polymers containing antiblocking, release, and slip additives are processed by 17 groups of processing methods. The processing methods are used by 29 industries.
Information on the use of additives in various polymers is divided into the following sections: Types and concentrations, Effect on polymer and/or other additives, and Typical formulations.
Information on the use of additives in various products is divided into the following sections: Types and concentrations, Reasons for use, Advantages and disadvantages of additive use, Effect on product properties, and Examples of formulations.
Processing methods are discussed using the following breakdown: Types and concentrations, Effect on the process, Effect on product properties, Advantages and disadvantages of additive use, Examples of formulations.
A complete analysis of literature and patents available from the first use of these additives until now is included in the book. The book considers all essential aspects of chemistry, physical properties, influence on properties of final products, formulations, methods of incorporation, analysis, and effects on health and environment.
The book contains 18 chapters, each addressing the specific aspect of properties and applications of antiblocking, release, and slip agents. In addition, a separate publication is available (Database of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Agents), which is a database of commercial and generic materials used as antiblocking, release, and slip additives in various (not only polymeric) materials.
The combination of the data and the comprehensive analysis of the performance of these materials form very important source of information for industry, research, academia, and legislature. These publications should be considered by any industrial, university, governmental, and public library because of widespread applications of these additives in the industry and everyday life.
1 Introduction
1.1 Historical developments
1.2 Expectations from commercial additives
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Classification
2 Generic Types
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Characteristic properties of commercial additives
2.2.1 Antiblocking agents
2.2.2 Mold release agents
2.2.3 Slip agents
3 Standard Methods of Control
3.1 Adhesives
3.2 Floor coverings
3.3 Footwear and walkway surfaces
3.4 Geosynthetics
3.5 Leather and coated fabrics
3.6 Lubricants
3.7 Medical
3.8 Paints and Coatings
3.9 Paper
3.10 Plastics and rubber
3.11 Roads and pavement
3.12 Sport equipment
3.13 Textiles
4 Transportation and Storage
4.1 Transportation
4.2 Storage
5 Mechanisms of Action
5.1 Antiblocking agents
5.2 Slip agents
5.3 Release agents
6 Compatibility and Performance
7 Diffusion and Migration
7.1 Diffusion
7.2 Distribution of additive in bulk and on surface
7.3 How mobility affects additive selection?
7.4 Additive transfer to material in contact
7.5 Additive loss
8 Interaction with Other Components of Formulation
8.1 Fillers
8.2 Other components of formulation
8.3 Synergy between surface additives
8.4 Other properties
9 Processing and Additive Performance
10 Effect on Product Properties
10.1 Mechanical properties
10.2 Mar and abrasion
10.3 Shrinkage and warpage
10.4 Blocking force
10.5 Adhesion to mold and demolding
10.6 Coefficient of friction
10.7 Residues on molds
10.8 Residues on molded parts
10.9 Optical properties
10.10 Rheological properties
10.11 Electrical properties
10.12 Structure and orientation
10.13 Thermal aging
10.14 UV radiation
10.15 Effect on other properties
11 Use in Specific Polymers
11.1 ABS
11.2 Acrylics
11.3 Bromobutyl rubber
11.4 Cellulose acetate
11.5 Cellulose, acetate, butyrate and propionate
11.6 Cellulose nitrate
11.7 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride
11.8 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene
11.9 Copolymers
11.10 Cyanoacrylates
11.11 Ethyl cellulose
11.12 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM
11.13 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR
11.14 Epoxy resin
11.15 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA
11.16 Ionomers
11.17 Nitrile rubber
11.18 Polyamide
11.19 Polybutadiene
11.20 Polycarbonate
11.21 Polyester
11.22 Polyetherimide
11.23 Polyethylene
11.24 Polyimide
11.25 Polylactide
11.26 Polymethylmethacrylate
11.27 Polyoxymethylene
11.28 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
11.29 Poly(phenylene ether)
11.30 Polypropylene
11.31 Polystyrene
11.32 Polysulfone
11.33 Poly(phenylene sulfide)
11.34 Polyvinylacetate
11.35 Polyvinylalcohol
11.36 Polyvinylbutyral
11.37 Polyvinylchloride
11.38 Polyurethanes
11.39 Proteins
11.40 Rubber, natural
11.41 Silicone
11.42 Styrene-butadiene rubber
11.43 Styrene-butadiene-styrene
11.44 Starch
12 Use in Industrial Products
12.1 Adhesives and sealants
12.2 Aerospace
12.3 Agriculture
12.4 Automotive applications
12.5 Bottles
12.6 Ceramic materials
12.7 Composites
12.8 Coated fabrics
12.9 Cosmetics
12.10 Dental materials
12.11 Electronics
12.12 Fibers
12.13 Film
12.14 Food
12.15 Foams
12.16 Gaskets
12.17 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers
12.18 Medical devices
12.19 Membranes
12.20 Paints and coatings
12.21 Pharmaceutical products
12.22 Photographic materials
12.23 Pipes
12.24 Road construction
12.25 Roofing materials
12.26 Synthetic paper
12.27 Tires
12.28 Toys
12.29 Wire & cable
13 Various Processing Methods
13.1 Blow molding
13.2 Calendering
13.3 Coextrusion
13.4 Compression molding
13.5 Compounding (mixing)
13.6 Dip coating
13.7 Dryblending
13.8 Extrusion
13.9 Extrusion blow molding
13.10 Injection molding
13.11 Lithography
13.12 Printing
13.13 Reaction injection molding
13.14 Rotational molding
13.15 Rubber processing
13.16 Slip casting
13.17 Thermoforming
13.18 Transfer molding
14 Specialized Analytical Methods
14.1 Identification
14.2 Determination of concentration
14.3 Determination of volatility and molecular motion
14.4 Study of materials containing additives
15 Mathematical Modelling
16 Health, Safety and Environmental Issues
16.1 Antiblocking agents
16.1.1 Inorganic
16.1.2 Organic
16.2 Release agents
16.2.1 Fluorocompounds
16.2.2 Polydimethylsiloxane
16.2.3 Polymeric waxes
16.2.4 Other chemical compounds
16.3 Slip agents
16.3.1 Acids
16.3.2 Esters
16.3.3 Fatty acid amides
16.3.4 Natural wax
16.3.5 Salts
17 Regulations and Data
17.1 Toxic substance control
17.2. Carcinogenic effect
17.3 Workplace exposure limits
17.4 Food regulatory acts
18 Personal Protection
18.1 Clothing
18.2 Gloves
18.3 Eye protection
18.4 Respiratory protection
Index
1.1 Historical developments
1.2 Expectations from commercial additives
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Classification
2 Generic Types
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Characteristic properties of commercial additives
2.2.1 Antiblocking agents
2.2.2 Mold release agents
2.2.3 Slip agents
3 Standard Methods of Control
3.1 Adhesives
3.2 Floor coverings
3.3 Footwear and walkway surfaces
3.4 Geosynthetics
3.5 Leather and coated fabrics
3.6 Lubricants
3.7 Medical
3.8 Paints and Coatings
3.9 Paper
3.10 Plastics and rubber
3.11 Roads and pavement
3.12 Sport equipment
3.13 Textiles
4 Transportation and Storage
4.1 Transportation
4.2 Storage
5 Mechanisms of Action
5.1 Antiblocking agents
5.2 Slip agents
5.3 Release agents
6 Compatibility and Performance
7 Diffusion and Migration
7.1 Diffusion
7.2 Distribution of additive in bulk and on surface
7.3 How mobility affects additive selection?
7.4 Additive transfer to material in contact
7.5 Additive loss
8 Interaction with Other Components of Formulation
8.1 Fillers
8.2 Other components of formulation
8.3 Synergy between surface additives
8.4 Other properties
9 Processing and Additive Performance
10 Effect on Product Properties
10.1 Mechanical properties
10.2 Mar and abrasion
10.3 Shrinkage and warpage
10.4 Blocking force
10.5 Adhesion to mold and demolding
10.6 Coefficient of friction
10.7 Residues on molds
10.8 Residues on molded parts
10.9 Optical properties
10.10 Rheological properties
10.11 Electrical properties
10.12 Structure and orientation
10.13 Thermal aging
10.14 UV radiation
10.15 Effect on other properties
11 Use in Specific Polymers
11.1 ABS
11.2 Acrylics
11.3 Bromobutyl rubber
11.4 Cellulose acetate
11.5 Cellulose, acetate, butyrate and propionate
11.6 Cellulose nitrate
11.7 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride
11.8 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene
11.9 Copolymers
11.10 Cyanoacrylates
11.11 Ethyl cellulose
11.12 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM
11.13 Ethylene-propylene rubber, EPR
11.14 Epoxy resin
11.15 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA
11.16 Ionomers
11.17 Nitrile rubber
11.18 Polyamide
11.19 Polybutadiene
11.20 Polycarbonate
11.21 Polyester
11.22 Polyetherimide
11.23 Polyethylene
11.24 Polyimide
11.25 Polylactide
11.26 Polymethylmethacrylate
11.27 Polyoxymethylene
11.28 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
11.29 Poly(phenylene ether)
11.30 Polypropylene
11.31 Polystyrene
11.32 Polysulfone
11.33 Poly(phenylene sulfide)
11.34 Polyvinylacetate
11.35 Polyvinylalcohol
11.36 Polyvinylbutyral
11.37 Polyvinylchloride
11.38 Polyurethanes
11.39 Proteins
11.40 Rubber, natural
11.41 Silicone
11.42 Styrene-butadiene rubber
11.43 Styrene-butadiene-styrene
11.44 Starch
12 Use in Industrial Products
12.1 Adhesives and sealants
12.2 Aerospace
12.3 Agriculture
12.4 Automotive applications
12.5 Bottles
12.6 Ceramic materials
12.7 Composites
12.8 Coated fabrics
12.9 Cosmetics
12.10 Dental materials
12.11 Electronics
12.12 Fibers
12.13 Film
12.14 Food
12.15 Foams
12.16 Gaskets
12.17 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers
12.18 Medical devices
12.19 Membranes
12.20 Paints and coatings
12.21 Pharmaceutical products
12.22 Photographic materials
12.23 Pipes
12.24 Road construction
12.25 Roofing materials
12.26 Synthetic paper
12.27 Tires
12.28 Toys
12.29 Wire & cable
13 Various Processing Methods
13.1 Blow molding
13.2 Calendering
13.3 Coextrusion
13.4 Compression molding
13.5 Compounding (mixing)
13.6 Dip coating
13.7 Dryblending
13.8 Extrusion
13.9 Extrusion blow molding
13.10 Injection molding
13.11 Lithography
13.12 Printing
13.13 Reaction injection molding
13.14 Rotational molding
13.15 Rubber processing
13.16 Slip casting
13.17 Thermoforming
13.18 Transfer molding
14 Specialized Analytical Methods
14.1 Identification
14.2 Determination of concentration
14.3 Determination of volatility and molecular motion
14.4 Study of materials containing additives
15 Mathematical Modelling
16 Health, Safety and Environmental Issues
16.1 Antiblocking agents
16.1.1 Inorganic
16.1.2 Organic
16.2 Release agents
16.2.1 Fluorocompounds
16.2.2 Polydimethylsiloxane
16.2.3 Polymeric waxes
16.2.4 Other chemical compounds
16.3 Slip agents
16.3.1 Acids
16.3.2 Esters
16.3.3 Fatty acid amides
16.3.4 Natural wax
16.3.5 Salts
17 Regulations and Data
17.1 Toxic substance control
17.2. Carcinogenic effect
17.3 Workplace exposure limits
17.4 Food regulatory acts
18 Personal Protection
18.1 Clothing
18.2 Gloves
18.3 Eye protection
18.4 Respiratory protection
Index
George Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research & development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley & Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation & Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.