Blowing Agents and Foaming Processes 2001

Author: Conference Proceedings
ISBN 978-1-85957-252-8

Frankfurt, Germany, 13th-14th March 2001

Pages: 190, Figures: 245, Tables: 82

$160.00

Summary
Table of Contents

In recent years the markets for foams or expended substrates has grown enormously, this is documented through the high number of patent applications for products and processes which are filed each year. This third, international conference dedicated to the critical role of blowing agents in foamed plastics and rubber assembled major blowing agent manufacturers and suppliers, foaming process providers and academia to present insight into the industrial progress and research for foam generation.

List of papers
New Polymeric Foam Technologies
Michael E. Reedy and *Stan Dudek, Reedy International Corporation, USA and *Durrell Components, USA
Advantages of the Use of Chemical Foaming Agents in Wood-Plastic Composites
Gunther Luebke, Clariant Masterbatch GmbH & Co. OHG, Germany
Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agents in Foamed Polymers
Salvatore J. Monte, Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., USA
Compounding Based Rotational Foam Molding of Polyolefin Foams
Remon Pop-Iliev, Ghaus M. Rizvi, and Chul B Park; Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Toronto, Canada
A New Grade of Expandable Microspheres for Foaming Polypropylene
Klas Elfving, Expancel, Sweden
Can User Demands Be Met By Suppliers?
Siebolt Hettinga, Hettinga Technologies, Inc., USA
Strategies for Achieving Fine-celled Low-Density Polypropylene Foams
Hani E.Naguib, Chul B. Park and *Achim Hesse, *Ulf Panzer, Norbert Reichelt; Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Toronto, Canada and *Borealis GmbH, Austria
Low Pressure Injection Moulding
Helmut Eckardt, Process and Engineering Department, Battenfeld GmbH, Germany
New Technology for Foam Injection Moulding with Physical Blowing Agents
W. Michaeli, Sasan Habibi-Naini, IKV, Germany
Case Studies on Gas in Melt Technology (Gimtech) and Coralfoam Technology
Barrie Penny, Pentex Limited, UK
Foaming of Cable Insulation - Some Physical Basics
Thomas Reiner and Horst Scheid, Siebe Engineering, Germany
Innovative Approach To Molding Large Structural Parts Using Multi-Nozzle Low Pressure Technology
Brian Read and *Richard Lynch, Horizon Plastics Limited, Canada and *Uniloy Milacron, USA
New Aspects of Endothermal Blowing Agents in Blow Moulding Applications
Rudi France, Inkutec GmbH, Germany
Rigid PVC Cellular Extrusion North America and Europe Market and Technology Trends
Stephen Quinn, Bayer plc, UK
Technical and Environmental Acceptance of HFCs as Blowing Agents for XPS Boards
Christer Bratt* and Arnaud Albouy**, *Nordic Foam AB, Sweden and **Atofina, France
Solubility of Simple Alkanes in Polyethylene and Its Effects in Low Density Foam Extrusion
S. T. Lee and Kevin Lee, Sealed Air Corporation, USA
Methylal or Dimethoxymethane as a Blowing Agent for Polyurethane Foams?
Michel Beaujean, Lambiotte et Cie S.A., Belgium
What comes After Cyclopentane?
Holger Seifert, Anja Biedermann and Werner Wiegmann, Elastogran, Germany
Molding Technology: Introduction, Applications, and Advantages
David Pierick and Robert Janisch, MuCell Molding, Trexel, Inc., and Trexel, Inc., USA
HFC-245fa & HFC-245fa Blends: Blowing Agent Solutions for All Rigid and Integral Skin Foam Applications
David Williams and Mary Bogdan, Honeywell, USA
New Blowing Agents for Insulated Panels
Barrier G. Colvin, IFS Chemicals Limited, UK
The Effect of Nucleating Agent Particle Size and Specific Surface Area on Foam Morphology: A New Descriptor
Denis Rodrigue 1, Caroline Woelfle 1 and Louis E. Daigneault 2, 1 Université Laval, Canada and 2 IPEX, Canada
Modern Polyurethane Machine and Production Line Concepts for Processing Environmentally Compatible Blowing Agents
Terry Armitt, Hennecke GmbH, Germany
HFC Blends for the Production of High Performance XPS Insulating Foams
Pierre Dournel (1) and Lothar Zipfel (2), (1) Solvay Research & Technology, Belgium and (2) Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH, Germany
Optimization of Insulation Performance by HFC-365mfc
Lothar Zipfel (1), Pierre Dournel (2), (1) Solvay Strategic Business Unit Fluor, Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH, Germany and (2) Solvay Strategic Business Unit Fluor, Solvay Fluor und Derivate GmbH, Belgium
New Developments in PET Foam
Hussain Al Ghatta, D. Giordano and T. Severini, Sinco Ricerche SpA, Italy
Optimization of Crosslinking and Gas Liberation in Cellular Rubber
Kristin Vinje, SINTEF Materials Technology, Norway
Foaming of Film and Sheet from Polypropylene and Polystyrene
Ulrich Berghaus, Reifenhaeuser GmbH & Co., Germany

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{"id":11242247108,"title":"Addcon World 2003","handle":"978-1-85957-370-9","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Conference Proceedings \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-370-9 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVienna, Austria, 21-22 October 2003\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 243\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAddcon World 2003 was the 9th international conference on additives for plastics. The two-day conference focused on the technical advances and issues facing the plastics additives and modifiers industry. Papers consider value creation in the additives business and various aspects of additive technology, including flame retardants, stabilisers, process aids, compatibilisers, impact modifiers, and new pigments\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nList of Papers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION ONE - ADDITIVE MARKET TRENDS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eMarkets for Plastics Additives\u003cbr\u003eGeoff Pritchard, Hallow Plastics\/Rapra, UK Plastics Additives Market in China\u003cbr\u003eRobert Constable, Fred Gastrock \u0026amp; Louis Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc, USA End Users and Additives Suppliers: Where are the Fields of Understanding and Mutual Value Creation?\u003cbr\u003eRaphael Mestanza, SpecialChem, France \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION TWO - COMPATIBILISERS\/ FORMULATION SOFTWARE\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eCompatibilisation of Polypropylene\/Polystyrene Blends by Aromatic-Grafted Polypropylene\u003cbr\u003eSyed Mustafa Syed Jamaludin, R Nor Azlan, MY Ahmad Fuad, ZA Mohd Ishak \u0026amp; H Azanam Shah, SIRIM Berhad, Malaysia Modeling and Informatics for the Development of Additives and Formulations\u003cbr\u003eDavid Nicolaides, Gerhard Goldbeck-Wood, Klaus Stark \u0026amp; Antoine Schlijper, Accelrys, UK \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION THREE - FLAME RETARDANTS AND MODIFIERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNew Developments in Flame Retarded PBT\u003cbr\u003e2Ronald Wilmer, 2Rudi Borms, 1Yoav Bar Yaakov \u0026amp; 1Pierre Georlette, DSBG Eurobrom BV, 1 Israel, 2The Netherlands Studies on the Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Unsaturates Polyester Resins with Reduced Flammability\u003cbr\u003eEwa Kicko-Walczak, Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Poland A New MBS Impact Modifier for Tailor-Made ABS\u003cbr\u003eDidier Debier, Fabrizio Trinchero, Rohm \u0026amp; Haas France SAS, France Functionalised Ethylene Acrylate Polymers as Polymer Modifiers\u003cbr\u003eKarlheinz Hausmann, Richard T Chou \u0026amp; Coreen Y Lee, DuPont de Nemours International SA, Switzerland \u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSESSION FOUR - PROTECTING PLASTICS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eEnvironmental and Micro-Environmental Influences Affecting Performance of Polymer Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e1Jan Pospí?il, 1Jan Pilar, 1Antonín Marek, 2Norman C. 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{"id":11242246724,"title":"Antifouling Paint Biocides","handle":"978-3-540-31404-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Konstantinou, Ioannis K. (Ed.) \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-3-540-31404-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e266 p., Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item usually ships in 3-4 weeks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis volume describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding antifouling paint biocides and provides a thorough evaluation of research and information on major topics such as occurrence and levels, environmental fate, analytical techniques and methods for the monitoring and control, environmental modeling, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment placing emphasis on the knowledge acquired over the last 10 years. The contamination of the aquatic environment by antifouling compounds has been a topic of increasing importance during the last few years.\u003cbr\u003eThe major classes of antifouling active biocides are discussed including the old-fashioned organotin compounds, the modern organic booster biocides and the promising naturally occurring antifoulant products. Therefore, the reader will get a balanced view of this developing field. Chapters were written by leading experts in their field who critically surveyed all the major areas of progress. This volume is an important resource and can constitute a good grounding in the field of antifouling paint biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJ.W. Readman: Development, Occurrence, and Regulation of Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends.- I. Omae: Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment.- C. Brunori, I. Ipolyi, P. Massanisso, R. Morabito: New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices.- K. Fent: Worldwide Occurrence and Effects of Organotin Antifouling Paints in the Aquatic Environment.- B. van Hattum, A. Baart, J. Boon: Emission Estimation and Chemical Fate Modelling of Antifoulants.- A. Aguera, M.D. Hernado, A. Fernandez-Alba, D. Barcelo: Evaluation of Antifouling Booster Biocides in Marine Water and Sediments based on Mass Spectrometric Techniques.- N. Voulvoulis: Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments.- V.A. Sakkas, I.K. Konstantinou, T.A. Albanis: Photochemical Fate of Organic Booster Biocides in the Aquatic Environment.- H. Okamura, H. Mieno: Present Status of the Antifouling Systems in Japan: TBT Substitutes in Japan.- H. Yamada: Toxicity and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Alternative Antifouling Biocides to Aquatic Organisms.- I. Omae: General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants in the Environment","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:04-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:04-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2006","antifouling agents","Biocides","biostabilizer","Biostabilizers","book","organotin compounds","p-additives","Paint","polymer","TBT","Tertiary Butyl Tin","water pollution"],"price":33000,"price_min":33000,"price_max":33000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378458500,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Antifouling Paint Biocides","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":33000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-3-540-31404-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-31404-2.jpg?v=1498187278"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-31404-2.jpg?v=1498187278","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350148264029,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-31404-2.jpg?v=1498187278"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-3-540-31404-2.jpg?v=1498187278","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Konstantinou, Ioannis K. (Ed.) \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-3-540-31404-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e266 p., Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item usually ships in 3-4 weeks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis volume describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding antifouling paint biocides and provides a thorough evaluation of research and information on major topics such as occurrence and levels, environmental fate, analytical techniques and methods for the monitoring and control, environmental modeling, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment placing emphasis on the knowledge acquired over the last 10 years. 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Omae: General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants in the Environment"}

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{"id":11242214020,"title":"Biocides in Plastics","handle":"978-1-85957-512-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:20-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","Biocides","book","degradation plastics","environment","p-additives","polymer"],"price":15300,"price_min":15300,"price_max":15300,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378351044,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Biocides in Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":15300,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-512-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350156849245,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-512-3.jpg?v=1498191099","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D. Nichols, Thor Overseas Limited \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-512-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 126\u003cbr\u003eFormat: Soft-backed\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of biocides in plastics is commonplace. They are added to protect the plastic from degradation by microbes or to provide an external antimicrobial hygienic surface.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBiocides are selected on the basis of their function and the application for which they are intended, but choosing the right biocide is often not so simple. As well as biocidal performance, the in-process stability, migration, leachability, light and heat stability may all be important factors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis report will be of interest to biocide suppliers and plastic product manufacturers, and to all professionals requiring information on biocide chemistry and application.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Fungi\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Algae\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 THE NEED FOR BIOCIDES IN PLASTICS AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 PLASTIC MATERIALS REQUIRING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Biostabiliser Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Nutrient Sources for Fungi and Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e3.1.2 Microbiological Effects\u003cbr\u003e3.1.3 Organisms of Importance\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Organisms of Interest\u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Merits of Such Biocides\u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 The Bacterial Problem\u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 False Claims\u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 Conclusions Regarding Hygienic Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Active Packaging\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 TEST METHODS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Fungal Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Fungicidal Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Fungistatic Procedures\u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Soil Burial\u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Humidity Chamber or Vermiculite Bed\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Bacterial Test Methods\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Resistance of Plastic to Bacteria\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Antimicrobial Plastic\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Pink Stain Test\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Laboratory Tests versus use Conditions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 AVAILABLE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 OBPA\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 OIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Butyl BIT\u003cbr\u003e5.1.4 Zinc Pyrithione\u003cbr\u003e5.1.5 Iodo-Propylbutyl Carbamate (IPBC)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.6 N-Haloalkylthio Compounds\u003cbr\u003e5.1.7 Carbendazim (N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamic acid methylester)\u003cbr\u003e5.1.8 Bethoxazin (3-Benzo(b)thien-2-yl-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-oxathiazine 4-oxide)\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Non or Low Migratory Biocides\u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Triclosan (2,2,4-dicholoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 DCOIT \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Silver\u003cbr\u003e5.2.4 Sustainable Antimicrobial Polymers (Degussa)\u003cbr\u003e5.2.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Other Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 LEGISLATION REGARDING BIOCIDES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Limitations of Use\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Future Requirements\u003cbr\u003e6.3 BPD Exemptions\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 SUMMARY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References\u003cbr\u003eUnpublished References\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements\u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDean Nichols has a BSc. (Hons.) degree in biology and has worked for THOR, a speciality chemicals company and leading biocide company, for the past 15 years. His experience has involved research and development and marketing of biocides and other speciality chemicals to the Middle East, Europe and some countries in the Far East. Currently, he is a member of Thors biocide product management team and has a global role for promotion of products, services and expertise into various market sectors."}