TPE 2004

Author: Rapra Conference Proceedings
ISBN 978-1-85957-450-8

Brussels, Belgium, 15-16 September 2004
210 pages

$180.00

Summary
Table of Contents

To meet the market demands there are many technical developments in hand by TPE manufacturers and compounders such as greater thermal, oxidative and weathering stability; softer grades of premium TPEs; improved properties such as resilience, oil resistance, flammability, smoke emission, fogging, adhesion and transparency; foamable grades; and improved co-processibility. New types of dynamically vulcanized TPEs with improved properties, melt mixing as a low cost route to new types of TPE, and metallocene catalysed polyolefin materials are examples of developments pushing the boundaries even further.

SESSION 1: OVERVIEW

Paper 1 The thermoplastic elastomer scene in 2004
Mr. Barry Statham, Polymer Consultant, UK

SESSION 2: ADVANCES IN THERMOPLASTICS VULCANISATES

Paper 2 Changing the game in TPVs, formulating advantages
Dr. Gary Williams, Du Pont Dow Elastomers, USA

Paper 3 New thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with improved UV resistance and fogging properties
Mr. Alberto Dozeman, Yundong Wang, Hua Cai & Ryszard Brzoskowski, DSM Thermoplastic Elastomers, The Netherlands

Paper 4 New thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with improved processibility for injection moulding applications
Dr. Jan-Tom Fernhout, Yundong Wang, Hua Cai & Ryszard Brzoskowski, DSM Thermoplastic Elastomers Inc, USA

Paper 5 New developments in TPV
Mr. Brendan Chase, Advanced Elastomer Systems NV/SA, Belgium

Paper 6 150°C heat and oil resistant TPVs - long-term fluid and spike temperature comparison
Mr. Jeff Dickerhoof, Sam Harber & Brian Cail, Zeon Chemicals, USA

SESSION 3: PROCESS OILS

Paper 7 Process oils for TPE
Dr Arnaud Mahay, Exxonmobil, France

Paper 8 Group II process oils
Robert Plummer and Gene Robinson, Chevron Texaco Global Lubricants, USA

SESSION 4: RUBBER MARKETS

Paper 9 Rubber trends and analyses
Mr. Darren Cooper, Dr. Prachaya Jumpasut & Dock No, IRSG, UK

SESSION 5: AUTOMOTIVE MARKETS

Paper 10 Inter-TPE competition in an expanding global automotive market
Mr. Robert Eller, Robert Eller Associates Inc, USA

SESSION 6: ADVANCES IN STYRENIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS

Paper 11 Superior aesthetics – performance – process – the new generation of TPE
Dr Hans Peter Wolf (Germany), Sophie Bechu & Alexis von Tschammer (France), Dow Corning/Multibase

Paper 12 New unique HSBC (hydogenated styrenic block co-polymer) with reactive hard blocks
Mr Katsunori Takamoto, Kuraray Europe GmbH, Germany

Paper 13 Crosslinked SBR in block copolymer compounds to achieve certain EPDM TPV performance
Dr Manoj Ajbani, Goodyear Chemical Division, USA

SESSION 7: ADVANCES IN OTHER THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS

Paper 14 New test methods for the characterization of thermoplastic elastomers
Prof Norbert Vennemann and Klaus Bökamp, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Germany and Synco De Vogel, Kevin Cai, Satchit Srinivasan(Solvay Engineered Polymers), Germany

Paper 15 Phase behaviour and structure of high hard block content polyurethanes
Dr Alberto Saiani, University of Manchester, UK

Paper 16 Phase-separated microstructures of all-acrylic thermoplastic elastomers
Dr Philippe Leclére, Universite de Mons

SESSION 8: DEVELOPMENTS IN PROCESSING

Paper 17 The potential of processing additives to improve extrusion performance of TPE-V compounds
Dr Lutz Kirchner, Mr Steffen Foese and Dr Joachim Bertrand, Schill & Seilacher "Struktol" AG, Germany

Paper 18 TPE in the profiling industry
Mr Peter Nagl, LWB Steinl GmbH & Co KG, Germany

Paper 19 Mould technology for multi-component injection moulding
Klaus Rahnhoefer, Demag Plastics Group, Germany

Paper 20 Moulding simulation for the thermoplastic elastomers
Wim Schermerhorn, Sigmasoft, Germany

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Bart \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-85062-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 836 Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis industrially relevant resource covers all established and emerging analytical methods for the deformulation of polymeric materials, with emphasis on the non-polymeric components. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEach technique is evaluated on its technical and industrial merits.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmphasis is on understanding (principles and characteristics) and industrial applicability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensively illustrated throughout with over 200 figures, 400 tables, and 3,000 references.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003eForeword. \u003cbr\u003ePreface. \u003cbr\u003eAbout the Author. \u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Introduction. \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Additives. \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Plastics formulations . \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Economic impact of polymer additives. \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Analysis of plastics. \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e1.6 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Deformulation Principles. \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Polymer identification. \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Additive analysis of rubbers: ‘Best Practice’. \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Polymer extract analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.4 In situ polymer\/additive analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Class-specific polymer\/additive analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e2.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: Sample Preparation Perspectives. \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Solvents. \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Extraction strategy. \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Conventional extraction technologies. \u003cbr\u003e3.4 High-pressure solvent extraction methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Sorbent extraction. \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Methodological comparison of extraction methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Polymer\/additive dissolution methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Hydrolysis. \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e3.10 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: Separation Techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Analytical detectors. \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Gas chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Supercritical fluid chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Liquid chromatography techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Capillary electrophoretic techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e4.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: Polymer\/Additive Analysis: The Spectroscopic Alternative. \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Ultraviolet\/visible spectrophotometry. \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Infrared spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Luminescence spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.4 High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e5.6 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Organic Mass-Spectrometric Methods. \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Basic instrumentation. \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Ion sources. \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Mass analysers. \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Direct mass-spectrometric polymer compound analysis. \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Ion mobility spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e6.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 7: Multihyphenation and Multidimensionality in Polymer\/Additive Analysis. \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Precolumn hyphenation. \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Coupled sample preparation – spectroscopy\/spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Postcolumn hyphenation. \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Multidimensional chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Multidimensional spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e7.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 8: Inorganic and Element Analytical Methods. \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Element analytical protocols. \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Sample destruction for classical elemental analysis. \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Analytical atomic spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.4 X-ray spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Inorganic mass spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Radioanalytical and nuclear analytical methods. \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Electroanalytical techniques. \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Solid-state speciation analysis. \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e8.10 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 9: Direct Methods of Deformulation of Polymer\/Additive Dissolutions. \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Chromatographic methods. \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Spectroscopic techniques. \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Mass-spectrometric methods. \u003cbr\u003e9.4 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 10: A Vision for the Future. \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Trends in polymer technology. \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Trends in additive technology. \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Environmental, legislative and regulatory constraints. \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Analytical consequences. \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Epilogue. \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e10.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: List of Symbols. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Functionality of Common Additives Used in Commercial Thermoplastics, Rubbers, and Thermosetting Resins. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: Specimen Polymer Additives Product Sheets. \u003cbr\u003eIndex. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eJan C.J. Bart\u003c\/b\u003e (Ph.D. Structural Chemistry, University of Amsterdam) is a senior scientist with a broad interest in materials characterisation, heterogeneous catalysis and product development who spent an industrial career in R\u0026amp;D with Monsanto, Montedison and DSM Research in various countries. The author has held several teaching assignments and researched extensively in both academic and industrial areas; he authored over 250 scientific papers, including chapters in books. Dr. Bart has acted as a Ramsay Memorial Fellow at the Universities of Leeds (Colour Chemistry) and Oxford (Material Science), a visiting scientist at Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse (CNRS, Villeurbanne), and a Meyerhoff Visiting Professor at WIS (Rehovoth), and held an Invited Professorship at USTC (Hefei). He is currently a Full Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of Messina. He is also a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Royal Dutch Chemical Society, Society of Plastic Engineers and The Institute of Materials.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:39-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:39-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2005","additives","book","extraction","fillers","Gas chromatography. supercritical fluid chromatography","hydrolisis","liquid chromatography","p-chemical","plastic","plastics","polymer","rubber","solvents","spectroscopy. radioanalytical"],"price":55000,"price_min":55000,"price_max":55000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378306308,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Additives in Polymers: Industrial Analysis and Applications","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":55000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-470-85062-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-85062-6.jpg?v=1499914044"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-85062-6.jpg?v=1499914044","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350139580509,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-85062-6.jpg?v=1499914044"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-85062-6.jpg?v=1499914044","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Jan C. 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\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Economic impact of polymer additives. \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Analysis of plastics. \u003cbr\u003e1.5 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e1.6 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Deformulation Principles. \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Polymer identification. \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Additive analysis of rubbers: ‘Best Practice’. \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Polymer extract analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.4 In situ polymer\/additive analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Class-specific polymer\/additive analysis. \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e2.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: Sample Preparation Perspectives. \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Solvents. \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Extraction strategy. \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Conventional extraction technologies. \u003cbr\u003e3.4 High-pressure solvent extraction methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Sorbent extraction. \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Methodological comparison of extraction methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Polymer\/additive dissolution methods. \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Hydrolysis. \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e3.10 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: Separation Techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Analytical detectors. \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Gas chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Supercritical fluid chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Liquid chromatography techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Capillary electrophoretic techniques. \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e4.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: Polymer\/Additive Analysis: The Spectroscopic Alternative. \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Ultraviolet\/visible spectrophotometry. \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Infrared spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Luminescence spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.4 High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e5.6 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Organic Mass-Spectrometric Methods. \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Basic instrumentation. \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Ion sources. \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Mass analysers. \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Direct mass-spectrometric polymer compound analysis. \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Ion mobility spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e6.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 7: Multihyphenation and Multidimensionality in Polymer\/Additive Analysis. \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Precolumn hyphenation. \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Coupled sample preparation – spectroscopy\/spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Postcolumn hyphenation. \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Multidimensional chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Multidimensional spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e7.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 8: Inorganic and Element Analytical Methods. \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Element analytical protocols. \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Sample destruction for classical elemental analysis. \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Analytical atomic spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.4 X-ray spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.5 Inorganic mass spectrometry. \u003cbr\u003e8.6 Radioanalytical and nuclear analytical methods. \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Electroanalytical techniques. \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Solid-state speciation analysis. \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e8.10 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 9: Direct Methods of Deformulation of Polymer\/Additive Dissolutions. \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Chromatographic methods. \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Spectroscopic techniques. \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Mass-spectrometric methods. \u003cbr\u003e9.4 References. \u003cbr\u003eChapter 10: A Vision for the Future. \u003cbr\u003e10.1 Trends in polymer technology. \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Trends in additive technology. \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Environmental, legislative and regulatory constraints. \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Analytical consequences. \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Epilogue. \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Bibliography. \u003cbr\u003e10.7 References. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix I: List of Symbols. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix II: Functionality of Common Additives Used in Commercial Thermoplastics, Rubbers, and Thermosetting Resins. \u003cbr\u003eAppendix III: Specimen Polymer Additives Product Sheets. \u003cbr\u003eIndex. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eJan C.J. Bart\u003c\/b\u003e (Ph.D. Structural Chemistry, University of Amsterdam) is a senior scientist with a broad interest in materials characterisation, heterogeneous catalysis and product development who spent an industrial career in R\u0026amp;D with Monsanto, Montedison and DSM Research in various countries. The author has held several teaching assignments and researched extensively in both academic and industrial areas; he authored over 250 scientific papers, including chapters in books. Dr. Bart has acted as a Ramsay Memorial Fellow at the Universities of Leeds (Colour Chemistry) and Oxford (Material Science), a visiting scientist at Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse (CNRS, Villeurbanne), and a Meyerhoff Visiting Professor at WIS (Rehovoth), and held an Invited Professorship at USTC (Hefei). He is currently a Full Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of Messina. He is also a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Royal Dutch Chemical Society, Society of Plastic Engineers and The Institute of Materials."}

Ageing of Rubber - Acc...

$210.00

{"id":11242241668,"title":"Ageing of Rubber - Accelerated Heat Ageing Test Results","handle":"978-1-85957-274-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown, T. Butler, and S.W. Hawley \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-274-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 208, Figures 169, Tables: 41\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eA long-term natural ageing program was started in 1958 when 19 rubber compounds were exposed at 3 locations. The final sets of test pieces were withdrawn in 1998 giving a total of 40 years of natural ageing. The results of the physical tests carried out at intervals over the period were published in 2000 by Rapra in 'Natural Ageing of Rubber-Changes in Physical Properties over 40 Years'. \u003cbr\u003eThis report details the results of accelerated heat ageing studies undertaken on re-mixed samples of those materials studied for the natural ageing study and on the 20 new compounds chosen to represent polymers not available in 1958 and to reflect changes in compounding practice. \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to those properties studied for the artificial weathering exposures, compression set and dynamic properties were also measured. \u003cbr\u003eThe results of all these tests are again presented graphically and tabulated, allowing the rate of deterioration of properties to be followed. As the number of graphs are too voluminous to be reproduced in total, those for hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and 100% modulus are given. \u003cbr\u003eExtrapolation of the accelerated results to longer times at lower temperatures was attempted by two approaches - the Arrhenius relation and the WLF equation - and compression set results analyzed using a dose rate equation. Predictions are made for change at 23°C and 40°C to equate to long-term natural ageing under temperate and hot dry conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2. Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Original Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.2 New Materials \u003cbr\u003e3. Preparation of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e4. Physical Tests \u003cbr\u003e5. Exposure of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e6. Results \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Presentation \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Uncertainty \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Prediction of Natural Ageing \u003cbr\u003e7. Discussion \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Change with Time \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 General \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Modulus \u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Tensile Strength \u003cbr\u003e7.1.5 Elongation at Break \u003cbr\u003e7.1.6 DMTA \u003cbr\u003e7.1.7 Compression Set \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Predictions \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 General \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Modulus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Tensile Strength \u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Elongation at Break \u003cbr\u003e7.2.6 DMTA \u003cbr\u003e7.2.7 Compression Set \u003cbr\u003e7.2.8 Choice of Analysis Method \u003cbr\u003e7.2.9 Effectiveness of the Predictions \u003cbr\u003e8. Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:49-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:49-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","ageing","elongation","hardness","heat","physical tests","r-properties","rubber","sealants","tensile strength","weathering"],"price":21000,"price_min":21000,"price_max":21000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378441668,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Ageing of Rubber - Accelerated Heat Ageing Test Results","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":21000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-274-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-274-0.jpg?v=1498186978"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-274-0.jpg?v=1498186978","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350147608669,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-274-0.jpg?v=1498186978"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-274-0.jpg?v=1498186978","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown, T. Butler, and S.W. Hawley \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-274-0 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 208, Figures 169, Tables: 41\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eA long-term natural ageing program was started in 1958 when 19 rubber compounds were exposed at 3 locations. The final sets of test pieces were withdrawn in 1998 giving a total of 40 years of natural ageing. The results of the physical tests carried out at intervals over the period were published in 2000 by Rapra in 'Natural Ageing of Rubber-Changes in Physical Properties over 40 Years'. \u003cbr\u003eThis report details the results of accelerated heat ageing studies undertaken on re-mixed samples of those materials studied for the natural ageing study and on the 20 new compounds chosen to represent polymers not available in 1958 and to reflect changes in compounding practice. \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to those properties studied for the artificial weathering exposures, compression set and dynamic properties were also measured. \u003cbr\u003eThe results of all these tests are again presented graphically and tabulated, allowing the rate of deterioration of properties to be followed. As the number of graphs are too voluminous to be reproduced in total, those for hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break and 100% modulus are given. \u003cbr\u003eExtrapolation of the accelerated results to longer times at lower temperatures was attempted by two approaches - the Arrhenius relation and the WLF equation - and compression set results analyzed using a dose rate equation. Predictions are made for change at 23°C and 40°C to equate to long-term natural ageing under temperate and hot dry conditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2. Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Original Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.2 New Materials \u003cbr\u003e3. Preparation of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e4. Physical Tests \u003cbr\u003e5. Exposure of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e6. Results \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Presentation \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Uncertainty \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Prediction of Natural Ageing \u003cbr\u003e7. Discussion \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Change with Time \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 General \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Modulus \u003cbr\u003e7.1.4 Tensile Strength \u003cbr\u003e7.1.5 Elongation at Break \u003cbr\u003e7.1.6 DMTA \u003cbr\u003e7.1.7 Compression Set \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Predictions \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 General \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Modulus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 Tensile Strength \u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Elongation at Break \u003cbr\u003e7.2.6 DMTA \u003cbr\u003e7.2.7 Compression Set \u003cbr\u003e7.2.8 Choice of Analysis Method \u003cbr\u003e7.2.9 Effectiveness of the Predictions \u003cbr\u003e8. Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}