- Grid List
Filter
Description Author: R.P. Brown, T. Butler, and S.W. Hawley ISBN 978-1-85957-264-1 Pages: 192, Figures: 204, Tables: 84 Summary This report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. A long-term natural ageing program was started...
$210.00
in stock
{"id":11242242052,"title":"Ageing of Rubber - Accelerated Weathering \u0026 Ozone Test Results","handle":"978-1-85957-264-1","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown, T. Butler, and S.W. Hawley \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-264-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 192, Figures: 204, Tables: 84\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eA long-term natural ageing program was started in 1958 when 19 rubber compounds were exposed at 3 locations. The final sets of test pieces were withdrawn in 1998 giving a total of 40 years of natural ageing.\u003cbr\u003eThe results of the physical tests carried out at intervals over the period were published in 2000 by Rapra in 'Natural Ageing of Rubber\/Changes in Physical Properties over 40 Years'. \u003cbr\u003eThe 19 compounds were re-mixed in 1999-2000 in order that accelerated ageing tests could be carried out for direct comparison with the results from natural ageing. The formulations had been selected to\u003cbr\u003erepresent those used in a wide range of applications, including general purpose and 'good ageing' grades. Remarkably, most of these formulations are still representative of compounds being specified today. A\u003cbr\u003etotal of 20 new compounds were also mixed to represent polymers not available in 1958 and to reflect changes in compounding practice. Ten of these materials were formulations directly nominated by industry\u003cbr\u003ecovering materials of current interest to particular companies. \u003cbr\u003eThis report details the results of the artificial weathering and ozone exposure tests and makes comparisons with the results after natural ageing. \u003cbr\u003eThe following properties were selected for monitoring the artificial weathering exposures: \u003cbr\u003eTensile strength \u003cbr\u003eElongation at break \u003cbr\u003eStress at 100% elongation \u003cbr\u003eStress at 300% elongation \u003cbr\u003eMicrohardness \u003cbr\u003eThese properties correspond to properties monitored in the natural ageing program. \u003cbr\u003eThe results of all these tests are presented graphically in this report, allowing the rate of deterioration of properties and the influence of the environment to be clearly seen. Properties after the accelerated ageing\u003cbr\u003eare also tabulated, with calculations of percentage change. \u003cbr\u003eThe information contained in this report will prove invaluable to anyone specifying or supplying rubber materials or components.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction.\u003cbr\u003e2. Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Original Materials\u003cbr\u003e2.2 New Materials\u003cbr\u003e3. Preparation of Test Pieces\u003cbr\u003e4. Physical Tests\u003cbr\u003e5. Exposure of Test Pieces\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Weathering\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Ozone Exposure\u003cbr\u003e6. Weathering Results (Appendix 2)\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Presentation\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Uncertainty\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Interpretation of results\u003cbr\u003e7. Ozone Results (Appendix 3)\u003cbr\u003e8. Discussion\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Weathering\u003cbr\u003e8.1.1 General\u003cbr\u003e8.1.2 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e8.1.3 Modulus\u003cbr\u003e8.1.4 Tensile Strength\u003cbr\u003e8.1.5 Elongation at Break\u003cbr\u003e8.1.6 Effect of Temperature\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Ozone\u003cbr\u003e9. Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 - Compound Details \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2 - Weathering Results\u003cbr\u003eCompound A - Natural Rubber - Standard\u003cbr\u003eCompound B - Natural Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound C - Natural Rubber - Mineral Filler Loaded \u003cbr\u003eCompound D - Natural Rubber - Mineral Filler (Heavy Loaded)\u003cbr\u003eCompound E - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound F - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound G - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound H - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound J - Butyl Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound K - Butyl Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound L - Polychloroprene - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound M - Polychloroprene - Natural Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound N - Polychloroprene - Heat Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound P - Nitrite Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound R - Polychloroprene - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound S - Miscellaneous - Acrylate Rubber\u003cbr\u003eCompound T - Miscellaneous - Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003eCompound W - Miscellaneous - Polysulphide Rubber\u003cbr\u003eCompound X - Miscellaneous - Silicone Rubber\u003cbr\u003eNew Compounds\u003cbr\u003eCompound N1 - FVMQ\u003cbr\u003eCompound N2 - HNBR\u003cbr\u003eCompound N3 - Epoxidised Natural\u003cbr\u003eCompound N4 - Chlorinated Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003eCompound NS - Fluorocarbon\u003cbr\u003eCompound N6 - Exxpro\u003cbr\u003eCompound N7 - Epichlorohydrin\u003cbr\u003eCompound N8 - EPDM\u003cbr\u003eCompound N9 - EVA\u003cbr\u003eCompound N10 - PU\u003cbr\u003eParticipant's Compounds\u003cbr\u003eCompound P1\u003cbr\u003eCompound P3\u003cbr\u003eCompound P4\u003cbr\u003eCompound P5\u003cbr\u003eCompound P6\u003cbr\u003eCompound P7\u003cbr\u003eCompound PB\u003cbr\u003eCompound P9\u003cbr\u003eCompound P10\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3 - Ozone Results\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:50-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:50-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","ageing","elongation","natural rubber","ozone exposure","polymers","r-testing","rubber","tensile strength","weathering"],"price":21000,"price_min":21000,"price_max":21000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378443012,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Ageing of Rubber - Accelerated Weathering \u0026 Ozone Test Results","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":21000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-264-1","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-264-1.jpg?v=1498187015"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-264-1.jpg?v=1498187015","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350147641437,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-264-1.jpg?v=1498187015"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-264-1.jpg?v=1498187015","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown, T. Butler, and S.W. Hawley \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-264-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 192, Figures: 204, Tables: 84\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eA long-term natural ageing program was started in 1958 when 19 rubber compounds were exposed at 3 locations. The final sets of test pieces were withdrawn in 1998 giving a total of 40 years of natural ageing.\u003cbr\u003eThe results of the physical tests carried out at intervals over the period were published in 2000 by Rapra in 'Natural Ageing of Rubber\/Changes in Physical Properties over 40 Years'. \u003cbr\u003eThe 19 compounds were re-mixed in 1999-2000 in order that accelerated ageing tests could be carried out for direct comparison with the results from natural ageing. The formulations had been selected to\u003cbr\u003erepresent those used in a wide range of applications, including general purpose and 'good ageing' grades. Remarkably, most of these formulations are still representative of compounds being specified today. A\u003cbr\u003etotal of 20 new compounds were also mixed to represent polymers not available in 1958 and to reflect changes in compounding practice. Ten of these materials were formulations directly nominated by industry\u003cbr\u003ecovering materials of current interest to particular companies. \u003cbr\u003eThis report details the results of the artificial weathering and ozone exposure tests and makes comparisons with the results after natural ageing. \u003cbr\u003eThe following properties were selected for monitoring the artificial weathering exposures: \u003cbr\u003eTensile strength \u003cbr\u003eElongation at break \u003cbr\u003eStress at 100% elongation \u003cbr\u003eStress at 300% elongation \u003cbr\u003eMicrohardness \u003cbr\u003eThese properties correspond to properties monitored in the natural ageing program. \u003cbr\u003eThe results of all these tests are presented graphically in this report, allowing the rate of deterioration of properties and the influence of the environment to be clearly seen. Properties after the accelerated ageing\u003cbr\u003eare also tabulated, with calculations of percentage change. \u003cbr\u003eThe information contained in this report will prove invaluable to anyone specifying or supplying rubber materials or components.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction.\u003cbr\u003e2. Materials \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Original Materials\u003cbr\u003e2.2 New Materials\u003cbr\u003e3. Preparation of Test Pieces\u003cbr\u003e4. Physical Tests\u003cbr\u003e5. Exposure of Test Pieces\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Weathering\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Ozone Exposure\u003cbr\u003e6. Weathering Results (Appendix 2)\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Presentation\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Uncertainty\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Interpretation of results\u003cbr\u003e7. Ozone Results (Appendix 3)\u003cbr\u003e8. Discussion\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Weathering\u003cbr\u003e8.1.1 General\u003cbr\u003e8.1.2 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e8.1.3 Modulus\u003cbr\u003e8.1.4 Tensile Strength\u003cbr\u003e8.1.5 Elongation at Break\u003cbr\u003e8.1.6 Effect of Temperature\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Ozone\u003cbr\u003e9. Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1 - Compound Details \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2 - Weathering Results\u003cbr\u003eCompound A - Natural Rubber - Standard\u003cbr\u003eCompound B - Natural Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound C - Natural Rubber - Mineral Filler Loaded \u003cbr\u003eCompound D - Natural Rubber - Mineral Filler (Heavy Loaded)\u003cbr\u003eCompound E - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound F - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound G - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound H - Styrene Butadiene Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound J - Butyl Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound K - Butyl Rubber - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound L - Polychloroprene - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound M - Polychloroprene - Natural Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound N - Polychloroprene - Heat Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound P - Nitrite Rubber - General Purpose\u003cbr\u003eCompound R - Polychloroprene - Good Ageing\u003cbr\u003eCompound S - Miscellaneous - Acrylate Rubber\u003cbr\u003eCompound T - Miscellaneous - Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003eCompound W - Miscellaneous - Polysulphide Rubber\u003cbr\u003eCompound X - Miscellaneous - Silicone Rubber\u003cbr\u003eNew Compounds\u003cbr\u003eCompound N1 - FVMQ\u003cbr\u003eCompound N2 - HNBR\u003cbr\u003eCompound N3 - Epoxidised Natural\u003cbr\u003eCompound N4 - Chlorinated Polyethylene\u003cbr\u003eCompound NS - Fluorocarbon\u003cbr\u003eCompound N6 - Exxpro\u003cbr\u003eCompound N7 - Epichlorohydrin\u003cbr\u003eCompound N8 - EPDM\u003cbr\u003eCompound N9 - EVA\u003cbr\u003eCompound N10 - PU\u003cbr\u003eParticipant's Compounds\u003cbr\u003eCompound P1\u003cbr\u003eCompound P3\u003cbr\u003eCompound P4\u003cbr\u003eCompound P5\u003cbr\u003eCompound P6\u003cbr\u003eCompound P7\u003cbr\u003eCompound PB\u003cbr\u003eCompound P9\u003cbr\u003eCompound P10\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3 - Ozone Results\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: R.P. Brown ISBN 978-1-85957-260-3 Published: 2001Pages: 150 , Figures: 23 , Tables: 5 Summary After price and delivery time, the most frequently asked question about a product is 'How long will it last?' This is usually a very difficult question to answer for rubber products because the expected lifetime is often in tens of...
$144.00
in stock
{"id":11242227652,"title":"Practical Guide to the Assessment of the Useful Life of Rubbers","handle":"978-1-85957-260-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-260-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2001\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 150 , Figures: 23 , Tables: 5\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAfter price and delivery time, the most frequently asked question about a product is 'How long will it last?' This is usually a very difficult question to answer for rubber products because the expected lifetime is often in tens of years, the service conditions may be complex, and there is a scarcity of definitive data on durability. There is a vast matrix of degradation agents, service conditions, properties of importance and different rubbers. \u003cbr\u003eThere are also many inherent difficulties in designing tests. In many cases, the timescale involved is such that accelerated test conditions are essential. Whilst large amounts of durability data are generated by accelerated methods, much of it is only useful for quality control purposes and relatively little has been validated as being realistically capable of representing service. \u003cbr\u003eMost assessments of a lifetime of rubbers are made by considering some measure of performance, such as tensile strength, and specifying some lower limit for the property, which is taken as the end point. Lifetime is not necessarily measured in time. For example, for some products, it will be thought of as number of cycles of use. \u003cbr\u003eThe object of this publication is to provide practical guidance on assessing the useful service life of rubbers. It describes test procedures and extrapolation techniques together with the inherent limitations and problems. The Guide aims to make available the wealth of information that can be applied to help maximize the effectiveness of a durability testing program. \u003cbr\u003eThis Guide seeks to be comprehensive but concentrates on the most common environmental effects causing degradation and the most important mechanical properties of rubbers. The test procedures used are outlined and the relevant textbooks and International standards are referenced. \u003cbr\u003eRapra Technology Limited has just completed a 40 year natural ageing program and an accelerated testing program, both on the same set of rubber compounds. The results have been drawn on in this Guide to indicate the limiting factors for particular test methods. \u003cbr\u003eThis publication is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful for anyone responsible for designing, manufacturing or testing rubber components. It will also be of benefit to suppliers and users of end products, as an assessment of useful lifetime is critical to the economics and safety aspects of any component.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is an internationally acknowledged expert on physical testing and quality assurance of polymers. He has published more than 70 technical papers and three standard textbooks on testing. In\u003cbr\u003eaddition, he is editor of the journal Polymer Testing. He has over 25 years experience of running the testing laboratories and services at Rapra. Roger is active on many Standards committees and is leader of the\u003cbr\u003eBritish delegation to ISO Technical Committee 45.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:05-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:05-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","book","degradation","mechanical properties","physical testing","quality control","r-testing","rubber","rubbers","tensile strength","testing","weathering"],"price":14400,"price_min":14400,"price_max":14400,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378395204,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Practical Guide to the Assessment of the Useful Life of Rubbers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14400,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-260-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-260-3.jpg?v=1499953671"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-260-3.jpg?v=1499953671","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358724304989,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-260-3.jpg?v=1499953671"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-260-3.jpg?v=1499953671","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-260-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2001\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 150 , Figures: 23 , Tables: 5\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAfter price and delivery time, the most frequently asked question about a product is 'How long will it last?' This is usually a very difficult question to answer for rubber products because the expected lifetime is often in tens of years, the service conditions may be complex, and there is a scarcity of definitive data on durability. There is a vast matrix of degradation agents, service conditions, properties of importance and different rubbers. \u003cbr\u003eThere are also many inherent difficulties in designing tests. In many cases, the timescale involved is such that accelerated test conditions are essential. Whilst large amounts of durability data are generated by accelerated methods, much of it is only useful for quality control purposes and relatively little has been validated as being realistically capable of representing service. \u003cbr\u003eMost assessments of a lifetime of rubbers are made by considering some measure of performance, such as tensile strength, and specifying some lower limit for the property, which is taken as the end point. Lifetime is not necessarily measured in time. For example, for some products, it will be thought of as number of cycles of use. \u003cbr\u003eThe object of this publication is to provide practical guidance on assessing the useful service life of rubbers. It describes test procedures and extrapolation techniques together with the inherent limitations and problems. The Guide aims to make available the wealth of information that can be applied to help maximize the effectiveness of a durability testing program. \u003cbr\u003eThis Guide seeks to be comprehensive but concentrates on the most common environmental effects causing degradation and the most important mechanical properties of rubbers. The test procedures used are outlined and the relevant textbooks and International standards are referenced. \u003cbr\u003eRapra Technology Limited has just completed a 40 year natural ageing program and an accelerated testing program, both on the same set of rubber compounds. The results have been drawn on in this Guide to indicate the limiting factors for particular test methods. \u003cbr\u003eThis publication is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Program. \u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful for anyone responsible for designing, manufacturing or testing rubber components. It will also be of benefit to suppliers and users of end products, as an assessment of useful lifetime is critical to the economics and safety aspects of any component.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is an internationally acknowledged expert on physical testing and quality assurance of polymers. He has published more than 70 technical papers and three standard textbooks on testing. In\u003cbr\u003eaddition, he is editor of the journal Polymer Testing. He has over 25 years experience of running the testing laboratories and services at Rapra. Roger is active on many Standards committees and is leader of the\u003cbr\u003eBritish delegation to ISO Technical Committee 45.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Description Author: R.P. Brown ISBN 978-1-85957-330-3 Published: 2002pages: 106, figures: 3, tables: 4 Summary Rubber components are used in many demanding applications, from tyres and seals to gloves and medical devices, and failure can be catastrophic. This review of rubber product failure outlines and illustrates the common causes of failure while addressing ways of avoiding it....
$125.00
in stock
{"id":11242227716,"title":"Rubber Product Failure","handle":"978-1-85957-330-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-330-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2002\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003epages: 106, figures: 3, tables: 4\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRubber components are used in many demanding applications, from tyres and seals to gloves and medical devices, and failure can be catastrophic. This review of rubber product failure outlines and illustrates the common causes of failure while addressing ways of avoiding it. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere has been increasing pressure to improve performance so that rubbers can be used at higher temperatures and in harsher environments. For example, the under-the-bonnet temperature has increased in some vehicles and new medical devices require longer lifetimes in potentially degrading biological fluids. The expectations of tyre performance, in particular, are increasing, and retreads have been in the spotlight for failures. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe definition of failure depends on the application. For example, a racing car engine seal that lasts for one race may be acceptable, but in a normal car, a lifespan of 10 years is more reasonable. If appearance is critical as in surface coatings and paints, then discolouration is a failure, whilst in seals, leakage is not acceptable. Each rubber product must be fit for the use specified by the consumer. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFailure analysis is critical to product improvement. The problem is obvious to see, for example, a hole in a hot water bottle, but the cause of the problem can be much harder to find. It can range from a design fault to poor material selection, to processing problems, to manufacturing errors such as poor dimensional tolerances, to poor installation, product abuse, and unexpected service conditions. The rubber technologist must become a detective, gathering evidence, understanding the material type and using deductive reasoning. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting and analysis of failed materials and components add to the information available for failure analysis. For example, stored aged tyres appeared superficially to be alright for use, but on drum testing small cracks grew more quickly than in new tyres leading to rapid failure in service. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eQuality control procedures such as product inspection, testing, and material quality checks can help to reach 100% reliability. In critical applications such as electricians' gloves for high voltage working, gloves are inspected before each use, while engine seals may be routinely replaced before the expected lifetime to avoid problems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is customary to hide failures, thus the number of specific cases published in the literature is not high. However, several reviews have been written on specific products and references can be found at the end of this review. Around 400 abstracts from papers in the Polymer Library are included with an index. Subjects covered include tyre wear and failure, seals, engine components, rubber bonding failure, rubber failure due to chloramine in water, tank treads, gloves and condoms, medical devices and EPDM roofing membranes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2. Failure Analysis \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. The Reasons for Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Design Error \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Inappropriate Material \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Manufacturing Faults \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Incorrect Installation \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Unexpected Service Conditions \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Deliberate or Accidental Misuse \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Strategic Weakness \u003cbr\u003e4. The Causes of Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 General \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Effect of Fluids \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Weathering \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Ionising Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Biological Attack \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Fatigue \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Set, Stress Relaxation, and Creep \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Abrasion \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Electrical Stress \u003cbr\u003e5. Preventing Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 General \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Service Trials \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Experience \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Accelerated Testing \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e6. The Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Tyres \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Seals \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Other Products \u003cbr\u003e7. Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References \u003cbr\u003eAbstracts from the Polymer Library Database \u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is renowned in the rubber industry for his knowledge of rubber testing, including work on the 40 year ageing of rubber project recently completed at Rapra. He has studied many cases of product failure and has acted as an expert witness. He has published and edited numerous books and reports, and currently works with the Rapra Testing and Quality Group.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:05-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:05-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","abrasion","biological attack","book","creep","electrical stress","fatigue","fluids","ionising","r-testing","radiation","relaxation","rubber","stress","temperature","weathering"],"price":12500,"price_min":12500,"price_max":12500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378395268,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Rubber Product Failure","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-330-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-330-3.jpg?v=1499955316"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-330-3.jpg?v=1499955316","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358741344349,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-330-3.jpg?v=1499955316"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-330-3.jpg?v=1499955316","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R.P. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-330-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2002\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003epages: 106, figures: 3, tables: 4\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRubber components are used in many demanding applications, from tyres and seals to gloves and medical devices, and failure can be catastrophic. This review of rubber product failure outlines and illustrates the common causes of failure while addressing ways of avoiding it. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere has been increasing pressure to improve performance so that rubbers can be used at higher temperatures and in harsher environments. For example, the under-the-bonnet temperature has increased in some vehicles and new medical devices require longer lifetimes in potentially degrading biological fluids. The expectations of tyre performance, in particular, are increasing, and retreads have been in the spotlight for failures. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe definition of failure depends on the application. For example, a racing car engine seal that lasts for one race may be acceptable, but in a normal car, a lifespan of 10 years is more reasonable. If appearance is critical as in surface coatings and paints, then discolouration is a failure, whilst in seals, leakage is not acceptable. Each rubber product must be fit for the use specified by the consumer. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFailure analysis is critical to product improvement. The problem is obvious to see, for example, a hole in a hot water bottle, but the cause of the problem can be much harder to find. It can range from a design fault to poor material selection, to processing problems, to manufacturing errors such as poor dimensional tolerances, to poor installation, product abuse, and unexpected service conditions. The rubber technologist must become a detective, gathering evidence, understanding the material type and using deductive reasoning. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTesting and analysis of failed materials and components add to the information available for failure analysis. For example, stored aged tyres appeared superficially to be alright for use, but on drum testing small cracks grew more quickly than in new tyres leading to rapid failure in service. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eQuality control procedures such as product inspection, testing, and material quality checks can help to reach 100% reliability. In critical applications such as electricians' gloves for high voltage working, gloves are inspected before each use, while engine seals may be routinely replaced before the expected lifetime to avoid problems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is customary to hide failures, thus the number of specific cases published in the literature is not high. However, several reviews have been written on specific products and references can be found at the end of this review. Around 400 abstracts from papers in the Polymer Library are included with an index. Subjects covered include tyre wear and failure, seals, engine components, rubber bonding failure, rubber failure due to chloramine in water, tank treads, gloves and condoms, medical devices and EPDM roofing membranes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2. Failure Analysis \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. The Reasons for Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Design Error \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Inappropriate Material \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Manufacturing Faults \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Incorrect Installation \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Unexpected Service Conditions \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Deliberate or Accidental Misuse \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Strategic Weakness \u003cbr\u003e4. The Causes of Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 General \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Effect of Fluids \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Weathering \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Ionising Radiation \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Biological Attack \u003cbr\u003e4.7 Fatigue \u003cbr\u003e4.8 Set, Stress Relaxation, and Creep \u003cbr\u003e4.9 Abrasion \u003cbr\u003e4.10 Electrical Stress \u003cbr\u003e5. Preventing Failure \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 General \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Service Trials \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Experience \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Accelerated Testing \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Quality Control \u003cbr\u003e6. The Literature \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 General \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Tyres \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Seals \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Other Products \u003cbr\u003e7. Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdditional References \u003cbr\u003eAbstracts from the Polymer Library Database \u003cbr\u003eSubject Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is renowned in the rubber industry for his knowledge of rubber testing, including work on the 40 year ageing of rubber project recently completed at Rapra. He has studied many cases of product failure and has acted as an expert witness. He has published and edited numerous books and reports, and currently works with the Rapra Testing and Quality Group."}
Description Author: P.P. Dee, N. Roy Choudhury, and N.K. Dutta ISBN 978-1-84735-103-6 Published: 2010Pages: 546 Summary Thermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme. In the differential thermal analysis, the temperature difference...
$205.00
in stock
{"id":11242239812,"title":"Thermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials","handle":"978-1-84735-103-6","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.P. Dee, N. Roy Choudhury, and N.K. Dutta \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-103-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 546\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme. In the differential thermal analysis, the temperature difference that develops between a sample and an inert reference material is measured, when both are subjected to identical heat treatments. The related technique of differential scanning calorimetry relies on differences in energy required to maintain the sample and reference at an identical temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials, a multi-authored handbook, describes the use of this technique:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e· For determining additives in rubbery materials\u003cbr\u003e· In recycling of rubbers\u003cbr\u003e· In understanding the interactions of rubber - fillers and the rubber matrix\u003cbr\u003e· Characterisation of rubber nano-composites and other modified rubbers and their blends\u003cbr\u003e· Instrumental techniques\u003cbr\u003e· Crystallisation of rubbers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials is a must for everybody involved in material and product development, testing, processing, quality assurance, or failure analysis in industry and laboratories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Instrumental Techniques used for the Thermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubber Materials\u003cbr\u003e3 Applications of DSC and TGA for the Characterisation of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials\u003cbr\u003e4 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterisation of Polymers, Polymer Blends \u0026amp;\u003cbr\u003e Composites\u003cbr\u003e5 Characterisation of Rubbers and Rubber Composites with TMA \u003cbr\u003e6 Micro-thermal Analysis of Rubbery Materials \u003cbr\u003e7 Miscibility, Morphology and Crystallisation Behaviour of Rubber Based Polymer Blends \u003cbr\u003e8 Thermal Characterisation of Polymer Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e9 Thermal Analysis in Understanding RubberyMatrix and Rubber-Filler Interactions \u003cbr\u003e10 Study of Crystallisation of Natural Rubber with Differential Scanning Calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e11 Thermal Properties of Chemically Modified Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e12 Thermal Analysis of Rubber Products \u003cbr\u003e13 Thermal Analysis in Recycling of Waste Rubbery Materials \u003cbr\u003e14 Thermal Analysis of Biological Molecules and Biomedical Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:42-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:42-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2010","additives","book","nanocomposites","r-testing","rubber","thermal analysis"],"price":20500,"price_min":20500,"price_max":26500,"available":true,"price_varies":true,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378433156,"title":"Hard cover","option1":"Hard cover","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"978-1-84735-103-6","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Thermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials - Hard cover","public_title":"Hard cover","options":["Hard cover"],"price":26500,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-84735-103-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]},{"id":50531808900,"title":"Soft cover","option1":"Soft cover","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"978-1-84735-102-9","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Thermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials - Soft cover","public_title":"Soft cover","options":["Soft cover"],"price":20500,"weight":0,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-84735-102-9","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-103-6_277ca62d-c035-4a91-b2cb-e9aaae4ed94c.jpg?v=1499728259"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-103-6_277ca62d-c035-4a91-b2cb-e9aaae4ed94c.jpg?v=1499728259","options":["Cover"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358803079261,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-103-6_277ca62d-c035-4a91-b2cb-e9aaae4ed94c.jpg?v=1499728259"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-84735-103-6_277ca62d-c035-4a91-b2cb-e9aaae4ed94c.jpg?v=1499728259","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.P. Dee, N. Roy Choudhury, and N.K. Dutta \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-84735-103-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 546\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature, while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme. In the differential thermal analysis, the temperature difference that develops between a sample and an inert reference material is measured, when both are subjected to identical heat treatments. The related technique of differential scanning calorimetry relies on differences in energy required to maintain the sample and reference at an identical temperature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials, a multi-authored handbook, describes the use of this technique:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e· For determining additives in rubbery materials\u003cbr\u003e· In recycling of rubbers\u003cbr\u003e· In understanding the interactions of rubber - fillers and the rubber matrix\u003cbr\u003e· Characterisation of rubber nano-composites and other modified rubbers and their blends\u003cbr\u003e· Instrumental techniques\u003cbr\u003e· Crystallisation of rubbers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials is a must for everybody involved in material and product development, testing, processing, quality assurance, or failure analysis in industry and laboratories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Instrumental Techniques used for the Thermal Analysis of Rubbers and Rubber Materials\u003cbr\u003e3 Applications of DSC and TGA for the Characterisation of Rubbers and Rubbery Materials\u003cbr\u003e4 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterisation of Polymers, Polymer Blends \u0026amp;\u003cbr\u003e Composites\u003cbr\u003e5 Characterisation of Rubbers and Rubber Composites with TMA \u003cbr\u003e6 Micro-thermal Analysis of Rubbery Materials \u003cbr\u003e7 Miscibility, Morphology and Crystallisation Behaviour of Rubber Based Polymer Blends \u003cbr\u003e8 Thermal Characterisation of Polymer Nanocomposites \u003cbr\u003e9 Thermal Analysis in Understanding RubberyMatrix and Rubber-Filler Interactions \u003cbr\u003e10 Study of Crystallisation of Natural Rubber with Differential Scanning Calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e11 Thermal Properties of Chemically Modified Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e12 Thermal Analysis of Rubber Products \u003cbr\u003e13 Thermal Analysis in Recycling of Waste Rubbery Materials \u003cbr\u003e14 Thermal Analysis of Biological Molecules and Biomedical Polymers\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}