Progress in Understanding of Polymer Crystallization
In the context of polymer crystallization there are several still open and often controversially debated questions. The present volume addresses issues such as
- novel general views and concepts which help to advance our understanding of polymer crystallisation
- nucleation phenomena
- long living melt structures affecting crystallization
- confinement effects on crystallization
- crystallization in flowing melts
- fluid mobility restrictions caused by crystallites
- the role of mesophases in the crystal formation
and presents new ideas in a connected and accessible way.
1. Shifting Paradigms in Polymer Crystallization.
2. Theoretical aspects of the Equilibrium State of Chain Crystals.
3. Intramolecular Crystal Nucleation.
4. Kinetic Theory of Crystal Nucleation Under Transient Molecular Orientation.
5. Precursor of Primary Nucleation in Isotactic Polystyrene Induced by Shear Flow.
6. Structure Formation and Glass Transition in Oriented Poly(ethylene terephthalate).
7. How Do Orientation Fluctuations Evolve to Crystals?.
8. Role of Chain Entanglement Network on Formation of FlowInduced Crystallization Precursor Structure.
9. Full Dissolution and Crystallization of Polyamide 6 and Polyamide 4.6 in Water and Ethanol.
10. Small Angle Scattering Study of Polyethylene Crystallization from Solutions.
11. Morphologies of Polymer Crystals in Thin Films.
12. Crystallization of Frustrated Alkyl Groups in Polymeric Systems Containing Octadecylmethacrylate.
13. Crystallization in Block Copolymers with More than one Crystallizable Block.
14. Monte Carlo Simulations of Semicrystalline Polyethylene: Interlamellar Domain and CrystalMelt Interface.
15. The Role of the Interphase on the Chain Mobility and Melting of SemiCrystalline Polymers; a Study on Polyethylenes.
16. Polymer Crystallization under High Cooling Rate and Pressure: a Step Towards Polymer Processing Conditions.
17. StressInduced Phase Transitions in MetalloceneMade Isotactic Polypropylene.
18. Insights into Polymer Crystallization from InSitu Atomic Force Microscopy.
19. Temperature and Molecular Weight Dependencies of Polymer Crystallization.
20. StepScan Alternating Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies on the Crystallisation Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene.
21.Order and Segmental Mobility in Crystallizing Polymers.
22. Atomistic Simulation of Polymer Melt Crystallization by Molecular Dynamics.
23. A Multiphase Model Describing Polymer
2. Theoretical aspects of the Equilibrium State of Chain Crystals.
3. Intramolecular Crystal Nucleation.
4. Kinetic Theory of Crystal Nucleation Under Transient Molecular Orientation.
5. Precursor of Primary Nucleation in Isotactic Polystyrene Induced by Shear Flow.
6. Structure Formation and Glass Transition in Oriented Poly(ethylene terephthalate).
7. How Do Orientation Fluctuations Evolve to Crystals?.
8. Role of Chain Entanglement Network on Formation of FlowInduced Crystallization Precursor Structure.
9. Full Dissolution and Crystallization of Polyamide 6 and Polyamide 4.6 in Water and Ethanol.
10. Small Angle Scattering Study of Polyethylene Crystallization from Solutions.
11. Morphologies of Polymer Crystals in Thin Films.
12. Crystallization of Frustrated Alkyl Groups in Polymeric Systems Containing Octadecylmethacrylate.
13. Crystallization in Block Copolymers with More than one Crystallizable Block.
14. Monte Carlo Simulations of Semicrystalline Polyethylene: Interlamellar Domain and CrystalMelt Interface.
15. The Role of the Interphase on the Chain Mobility and Melting of SemiCrystalline Polymers; a Study on Polyethylenes.
16. Polymer Crystallization under High Cooling Rate and Pressure: a Step Towards Polymer Processing Conditions.
17. StressInduced Phase Transitions in MetalloceneMade Isotactic Polypropylene.
18. Insights into Polymer Crystallization from InSitu Atomic Force Microscopy.
19. Temperature and Molecular Weight Dependencies of Polymer Crystallization.
20. StepScan Alternating Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies on the Crystallisation Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene.
21.Order and Segmental Mobility in Crystallizing Polymers.
22. Atomistic Simulation of Polymer Melt Crystallization by Molecular Dynamics.
23. A Multiphase Model Describing Polymer
Related Products
Adhesion and Bonding t...
$144.00
{"id":11242229316,"title":"Adhesion and Bonding to Polyolefins","handle":"978-1-85957-323-5","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D.M. Brewis and I. Mathieson, Loughborough University \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-323-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 132, figures: 9, tables: 12\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolyolefins have many and varied applications. Polyethylene is the most widely used plastic and olefinic elastomers, such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene copolymers, predominate in many key components such as tires. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany applications of polyolefins require good adhesion to other substrates such as adhesive bonding, lamination, painting, printing, and metallisation. However, polyolefins have very poor bonding properties except where a diffusion mechanism operates, such as during the welding together of two pieces of polyolefin. Theories of adhesion are briefly described. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review discusses ways of improving adhesion to substrates. A variety of pretreatments and primers have been developed for altering the surface properties of polyolefins to enhance adhesion. These include corona discharge, flame and low-pressure plasma treatment for plastics, and the use of a chlorine donor for elastomers. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed in this report. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA number of different analytical methods have been used to characterize the surface of polyolefins before and after treatment. These include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques are described and examples of the information obtained are included. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany experiments have been performed globally to investigate ways of improving the bonding of polyolefins. Data from some of the key work on different treatment methods are included, together with a discussion of the effectiveness of the treatments. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis overview is written by two of the most prominent researchers in this field. It is clearly written and will be of use to those in industry and academia who are working on adhesion and bonding to polyolefins, both in practical situations and in the laboratory. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe extensive reference section contains a unique set of abstracts from the Polymer Library at Rapra, including papers on the issues of bonding of polyolefin in composites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Principles \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Theories of Adhesion \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Wettability \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e3 Methods Used to Study Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Reflection IR \u003cbr\u003e4 Pretreatments and Primers for Polyolefin Plastics \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Flame Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Corona Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Chromic Acid Treatment \u003cbr\u003e5 Polyolefin Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Butyl Rubber \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Natural Rubber \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e6 Discussion \u003cbr\u003e7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe authors are part of the Institute for Surface Science and Technology at Loughborough University. Dr. Brewis has carried out research in the field of polyolefin adhesion over several decades and has published extensively. Dr. Mathieson has recently completed a doctoral thesis on this topic.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:11-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:11-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","analytical methods","book","Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy","FTIR","p-testing","plastic","polymer","polyolefins","SSIMS","static secondary ion mass spectrometry","surface analysis techniques","theories of adhesion","X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","XPS"],"price":14400,"price_min":14400,"price_max":14400,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378398148,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Adhesion and Bonding to Polyolefins","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14400,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-323-5","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-323-5.jpg?v=1498185165"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-323-5.jpg?v=1498185165","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350140235869,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-323-5.jpg?v=1498185165"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-323-5.jpg?v=1498185165","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: D.M. Brewis and I. Mathieson, Loughborough University \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-323-5 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 132, figures: 9, tables: 12\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolyolefins have many and varied applications. Polyethylene is the most widely used plastic and olefinic elastomers, such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene copolymers, predominate in many key components such as tires. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany applications of polyolefins require good adhesion to other substrates such as adhesive bonding, lamination, painting, printing, and metallisation. However, polyolefins have very poor bonding properties except where a diffusion mechanism operates, such as during the welding together of two pieces of polyolefin. Theories of adhesion are briefly described. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review discusses ways of improving adhesion to substrates. A variety of pretreatments and primers have been developed for altering the surface properties of polyolefins to enhance adhesion. These include corona discharge, flame and low-pressure plasma treatment for plastics, and the use of a chlorine donor for elastomers. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, which are discussed in this report. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA number of different analytical methods have been used to characterize the surface of polyolefins before and after treatment. These include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques are described and examples of the information obtained are included. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany experiments have been performed globally to investigate ways of improving the bonding of polyolefins. Data from some of the key work on different treatment methods are included, together with a discussion of the effectiveness of the treatments. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis overview is written by two of the most prominent researchers in this field. It is clearly written and will be of use to those in industry and academia who are working on adhesion and bonding to polyolefins, both in practical situations and in the laboratory. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe extensive reference section contains a unique set of abstracts from the Polymer Library at Rapra, including papers on the issues of bonding of polyolefin in composites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2 Principles \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Theories of Adhesion \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Wettability \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e3 Methods Used to Study Surfaces \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Reflection IR \u003cbr\u003e4 Pretreatments and Primers for Polyolefin Plastics \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Flame Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Corona Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Chromic Acid Treatment \u003cbr\u003e5 Polyolefin Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Butyl Rubber \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Elastomers \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Natural Rubber \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e6 Discussion \u003cbr\u003e7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe authors are part of the Institute for Surface Science and Technology at Loughborough University. Dr. Brewis has carried out research in the field of polyolefin adhesion over several decades and has published extensively. Dr. Mathieson has recently completed a doctoral thesis on this topic."}
Analysis of Thermoset ...
$125.00
{"id":11242215300,"title":"Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products.","handle":"978-1-85957-390-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Dr. M.J. Forrest \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-390-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 160\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermosets comprise around 25% of world plastic consumption. The use of thermosets dates back over 100 years to the advent of phenolics. Today, a large range of different reactive chemicals is used in the synthesis of these resins. Common thermoset systems include phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyurethane, polyalkyd, silicone, polyester, acrylic, furan, and polyimide. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA variety of additives are found in thermosets. Plasticizer-type compounds are used to promote the flow of high viscosity compounds such as epoxy resins. Particulate fillers are used to reduce cost or improve properties and fibrous materials for increased strength and rigidity. Other additives include anti-degradants, curing agents (hardeners and accelerators), flame retardants and lubricants. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermosets are used in a wide range of applications from moldings and composites to adhesives. Analysis of thermosets is carried out to determine the reasons for failure, for quality control, to measure residual monomer, to detect contaminants, to monitor the extent of cure and for deformulation. Materials based on thermosets present the analyst with considerable challenges due to their complexity and the wide range of polymer types and additives available. The author of this review has many years of experience in the Polymer Analysis division at Rapra Technology Limited. He has a practical understanding of the usefulness and feasibility of the many techniques on offer to the chemist. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWet chemistry techniques were mainly used historically. One example is the spectrophotometric titration of epoxy groups using a halogen acid and 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonate as the chromophore. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpectroscopic techniques include infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChromatographic techniques include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, thin layer chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal techniques used to analyze thermosets include differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermal mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dielectric analysis. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are many other analytical techniques covered in this review, which describes their specific uses and even set up details for some analytical techniques. The references at the end of the report describe many specific instances of the analysis of thermoset materials published over the last 10 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject. A subject index and a company index are included.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Thermoset Polymer Systems \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Basic Chemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Additives Used in Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Organic Modifiers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Antidegradants\/Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Curing Species (e.g., Hardeners and Accelerators) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Lubricants \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Miscellaneous Additives \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Overview of Analytical Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Wet Chemistry Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Spectroscopic Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Ultraviolet Light Spectroscopy (UV) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.6 Raman Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Chromatographic Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Gas Chromatography (GC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Thermal Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Dielectric Analysis (DEA) \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Elemental Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Microscopy Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Miscellaneous Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Characterisation of Thermoset Polymers and their Precursors \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Determination of the Molecular Weight of Thermoset Precursors and the Separation of their Oligomers \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Gel Permeation Chromatography \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Liquid Chromatography Techniques \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Epoxy Resins \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Polyurethane \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Microbore-GPC \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Other Techniques \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Polymer Type and Microstructure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 NMR Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Identifying Functional Groups \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Thermal Analysis Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Determination of Organic Modifiers and Fillers in Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Determination of Organic Modifiers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Determination of Fillers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Particulate Fillers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Fibrous Fillers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Determination of Functional Additives in Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Antidegradants \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Flow Promoters and Flexibilisers \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Blowing Agents \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Curing Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Cure Behavior Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Dielectric Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis\/Dynamic Mechanical Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Thermal Mechanical Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Scanning Vibrating Needle Curemeter \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Chromatography Techniques \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Spectroscopy Techniques \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Wet Chemistry Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Surface Analysis of Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e8.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Laser Induced Mass Analysis (LIMA) \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Failure Diagnosis \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Compositional Problems \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Heat Ageing \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Contamination Problems \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Solid Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Liquid Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Odor and Emissions Problems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Martin Forrest has worked in the Polymer Analysis Section at Rapra for fifteen years. He is currently a Principal Consultant, a position he has held for the past four years. He has experience in the analysis of a wide variety of polymers and polymer products using an extensive range of techniques. He is one of the main contacts at Rapra for consultancy and research projects that involve polymer analysis techniques and procedures.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:25-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:25-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","acrylic","book","calorimetry","chromatography","epoxy","furan","melamine-formaldehyde","p-testing","phenol-formaldehyde","polyalkyd","polyester","polyimide","polymer","polyurethane","resorcinol-formaldehyde","silicone","spectroscopy","thermoset systems","thermosets","urea-formaldehyde"],"price":12500,"price_min":12500,"price_max":12500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378354948,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Analysis of Thermoset Materials, Precursors and Products.","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-390-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-390-7.jpg?v=1498187164"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-390-7.jpg?v=1498187164","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":350147838045,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-390-7.jpg?v=1498187164"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-390-7.jpg?v=1498187164","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Dr. M.J. Forrest \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-390-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 160\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThermosets comprise around 25% of world plastic consumption. The use of thermosets dates back over 100 years to the advent of phenolics. Today, a large range of different reactive chemicals is used in the synthesis of these resins. Common thermoset systems include phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyurethane, polyalkyd, silicone, polyester, acrylic, furan, and polyimide. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA variety of additives are found in thermosets. Plasticizer-type compounds are used to promote the flow of high viscosity compounds such as epoxy resins. Particulate fillers are used to reduce cost or improve properties and fibrous materials for increased strength and rigidity. Other additives include anti-degradants, curing agents (hardeners and accelerators), flame retardants and lubricants. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermosets are used in a wide range of applications from moldings and composites to adhesives. Analysis of thermosets is carried out to determine the reasons for failure, for quality control, to measure residual monomer, to detect contaminants, to monitor the extent of cure and for deformulation. Materials based on thermosets present the analyst with considerable challenges due to their complexity and the wide range of polymer types and additives available. The author of this review has many years of experience in the Polymer Analysis division at Rapra Technology Limited. He has a practical understanding of the usefulness and feasibility of the many techniques on offer to the chemist. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWet chemistry techniques were mainly used historically. One example is the spectrophotometric titration of epoxy groups using a halogen acid and 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonate as the chromophore. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpectroscopic techniques include infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChromatographic techniques include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, thin layer chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermal techniques used to analyze thermosets include differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermal mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dielectric analysis. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are many other analytical techniques covered in this review, which describes their specific uses and even set up details for some analytical techniques. The references at the end of the report describe many specific instances of the analysis of thermoset materials published over the last 10 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject. A subject index and a company index are included.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Thermoset Polymer Systems \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Basic Chemistry \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Additives Used in Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Organic Modifiers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Fillers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Antidegradants\/Stabilisers \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Curing Species (e.g., Hardeners and Accelerators) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Lubricants \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Miscellaneous Additives \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Overview of Analytical Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Wet Chemistry Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Spectroscopic Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.2 Ultraviolet Light Spectroscopy (UV) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.4 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.5 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) \u003cbr\u003e3.2.6 Raman Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Chromatographic Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Gas Chromatography (GC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Thermal Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Dielectric Analysis (DEA) \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Elemental Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Microscopy Techniques \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Miscellaneous Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Characterisation of Thermoset Polymers and their Precursors \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Determination of the Molecular Weight of Thermoset Precursors and the Separation of their Oligomers \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Gel Permeation Chromatography \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 Liquid Chromatography Techniques \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Epoxy Resins \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Polyurethane \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Microbore-GPC \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Other Techniques \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Polymer Type and Microstructure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Infrared Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 NMR Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Identifying Functional Groups \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Thermal Analysis Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Determination of Organic Modifiers and Fillers in Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Determination of Organic Modifiers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Determination of Fillers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Particulate Fillers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Fibrous Fillers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Determination of Functional Additives in Thermoset Products \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Antidegradants \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Flow Promoters and Flexibilisers \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Pigments \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Blowing Agents \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Flame Retardants \u003cbr\u003e6.6 Curing Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Cure Behavior Studies \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Dielectric Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis\/Dynamic Mechanical Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Thermal Mechanical Analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Scanning Vibrating Needle Curemeter \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Chromatography Techniques \u003cbr\u003e7.7 Spectroscopy Techniques \u003cbr\u003e7.8 Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation \u003cbr\u003e7.9 Wet Chemistry Techniques \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Surface Analysis of Thermosets \u003cbr\u003e8.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Laser Induced Mass Analysis (LIMA) \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Failure Diagnosis \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Compositional Problems \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Heat Ageing \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Contamination Problems \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 Solid Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Liquid Contaminants \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Odor and Emissions Problems \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.Conclusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Martin Forrest has worked in the Polymer Analysis Section at Rapra for fifteen years. He is currently a Principal Consultant, a position he has held for the past four years. He has experience in the analysis of a wide variety of polymers and polymer products using an extensive range of techniques. He is one of the main contacts at Rapra for consultancy and research projects that involve polymer analysis techniques and procedures."}
Colorimetry: Understan...
$180.00
{"id":11242222404,"title":"Colorimetry: Understanding the CIE System","handle":"978-0-470-04904-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Ed., J. Schanda \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-04904-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 459, Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColorimetry: Understanding the CIE System summarizes and explains the standards of CIE colorimetry in one comprehensive source.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresents the material in a tutorial form, for easy understanding by students and engineers dealing with colorimetry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides an overview of the area of CIE colorimetry, including colorimetric principles, the historical background of colorimetric measurements, uncertainty analysis, open problems of colorimetry and their possible solutions, etc.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes several appendices, which provide a listing of CIE colorimetric tables as well as an annotated list of CIE publications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommemorates the 75th anniversary of the CIE's System of Colorimetry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface. \u003cbr\u003eContributors and Referees. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Historic Retrospection.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1. Translation of CIE 1931 Resolutions on Colorimetry (Translated by P. Bodrogi). \u003cbr\u003e2. Professor Wright’s Paper from the Golden Jubilee Book: The Historical and Experimental Background to the 1931 CIE System of Colorimetry (W. D. Wright). \u003cbr\u003e3. CIE Colorimetry (János Schanda). \u003cbr\u003e4. CIE Color Difference Metrics (Klaus Witt). \u003cbr\u003e5. Spectral Color Measurement (Yoshi Ohno). \u003cbr\u003e6. Tristimulus Color Measurement of Self-Luminous Sources (János Schanda, George Eppeldauer, and Georg Sauter). \u003cbr\u003e7. Color Management (Ján Morovic and Johan Lammens). \u003cbr\u003e8. Color Rendering of Light Sources (János Schanda). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: Advances in Colorimetry.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e9. Color-Matching Functions: Physiological Basis (Francoise Vienot and Pieter Walraven). \u003cbr\u003e10. Open Problems on the Validity of Grassmann's Laws (Michael H. Brill and Alan R. Robertson). \u003cbr\u003e11. CIE Color Appearance Models and Associated Color Spaces (M. Ronnier Luo and Changjun Li). \u003cbr\u003e12. Image Appearance Modeling (Garrett M. Johnson and Mark D. Fairchild). \u003cbr\u003e13. Spatial and Temporal Problems of Colorimetry (Eugenio Martinez–Uriegas). \u003cbr\u003e14. The Future of Colorimetry in the CIE (Robert W.G. Hunt). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1: Measurement Uncertainty (Georg Sauter). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2: Uncertainties in Spectral Color Measurement (James L. Gardner). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3: Use of CIE Colorimetry in the Pulp, Paper, and Textile Industries (Robert Hirschler and Joanne Zwinkels). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4: List of CIE Publications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlossary. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJanos Schanda, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of the University of Pannonia in Hungary, where he taught colorimetry and visual ergonomics. He headed the Department of Image Processing and Neurocomputing between 1996 and 2000, and served as secretary of the CIE. He is a member of the advisory boards of Color Research and Application, Lighting Research and Technology, Light and Engineering, and Journal of Light and Visual Environment","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:50-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:50-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2007","book","CIE","color","color difference","color-matching","colorimetry","light sources","measurement","p-testing","paper","polymer","pulp","self-luminous","spectral","textile"],"price":18000,"price_min":18000,"price_max":18000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378376196,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Colorimetry: Understanding the CIE System","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":18000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-470-04904-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-04904-4.jpg?v=1499211133"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-04904-4.jpg?v=1499211133","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353961246813,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-04904-4.jpg?v=1499211133"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-470-04904-4.jpg?v=1499211133","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Ed., J. Schanda \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-470-04904-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 459, Hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColorimetry: Understanding the CIE System summarizes and explains the standards of CIE colorimetry in one comprehensive source.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresents the material in a tutorial form, for easy understanding by students and engineers dealing with colorimetry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides an overview of the area of CIE colorimetry, including colorimetric principles, the historical background of colorimetric measurements, uncertainty analysis, open problems of colorimetry and their possible solutions, etc.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes several appendices, which provide a listing of CIE colorimetric tables as well as an annotated list of CIE publications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommemorates the 75th anniversary of the CIE's System of Colorimetry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface. \u003cbr\u003eContributors and Referees. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Historic Retrospection.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1. Translation of CIE 1931 Resolutions on Colorimetry (Translated by P. Bodrogi). \u003cbr\u003e2. Professor Wright’s Paper from the Golden Jubilee Book: The Historical and Experimental Background to the 1931 CIE System of Colorimetry (W. D. Wright). \u003cbr\u003e3. CIE Colorimetry (János Schanda). \u003cbr\u003e4. CIE Color Difference Metrics (Klaus Witt). \u003cbr\u003e5. Spectral Color Measurement (Yoshi Ohno). \u003cbr\u003e6. Tristimulus Color Measurement of Self-Luminous Sources (János Schanda, George Eppeldauer, and Georg Sauter). \u003cbr\u003e7. Color Management (Ján Morovic and Johan Lammens). \u003cbr\u003e8. Color Rendering of Light Sources (János Schanda). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III: Advances in Colorimetry.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e9. Color-Matching Functions: Physiological Basis (Francoise Vienot and Pieter Walraven). \u003cbr\u003e10. Open Problems on the Validity of Grassmann's Laws (Michael H. Brill and Alan R. Robertson). \u003cbr\u003e11. CIE Color Appearance Models and Associated Color Spaces (M. Ronnier Luo and Changjun Li). \u003cbr\u003e12. Image Appearance Modeling (Garrett M. Johnson and Mark D. Fairchild). \u003cbr\u003e13. Spatial and Temporal Problems of Colorimetry (Eugenio Martinez–Uriegas). \u003cbr\u003e14. The Future of Colorimetry in the CIE (Robert W.G. Hunt). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1: Measurement Uncertainty (Georg Sauter). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2: Uncertainties in Spectral Color Measurement (James L. Gardner). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3: Use of CIE Colorimetry in the Pulp, Paper, and Textile Industries (Robert Hirschler and Joanne Zwinkels). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4: List of CIE Publications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGlossary. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJanos Schanda, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of the University of Pannonia in Hungary, where he taught colorimetry and visual ergonomics. He headed the Department of Image Processing and Neurocomputing between 1996 and 2000, and served as secretary of the CIE. He is a member of the advisory boards of Color Research and Application, Lighting Research and Technology, Light and Engineering, and Journal of Light and Visual Environment"}