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Description Author: S Ashter ISBN 9781455731725 Plastic Films Technologies, Testing, and ApplicationsPublished: 2013 Pages: 352 Summary Key Features• First comprehensive source of information and hands-on guide for the thermoforming of multilayered laminates• Covers applications across such sectors as automotive, packaging, home goods, and construction• Introduces new testing methods leveraging protocols used for metalsDescriptionThermoforming of Single...
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{"id":11242249476,"title":"Thermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates, 1st Edition","handle":"9781455731725","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: S Ashter \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781455731725 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic Films Technologies, Testing, and Applications\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2013\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 352\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• First comprehensive source of information and hands-on guide for the thermoforming of multilayered laminates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Covers applications across such sectors as automotive, packaging, home goods, and construction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Introduces new testing methods leveraging protocols used for metals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates explains the fundamentals of lamination and plastics thermoforming technologies along with current and new developments. It focuses on properties and thermoforming mechanics of plastic films and in particular single and multilayered laminates, including barrier films.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor environmental and economic reasons, laminates are becoming increasingly important as a replacement for solid sheets and paint finishes in many industries, including transportation, packaging, and construction. Yet the processes of film formability during the extensive deformation and elevated temperatures experienced in conventional processing technologies, such as thermoforming, are poorly understood by most engineers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book covers production processes, such as extrusion, calendaring, and casting, as well as mechanical and impact testing methods. It also describes how testing protocols developed for metals can be leveraged for plastic films and laminates and includes a thorough discussion on methods for performing optical strain analysis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplications in transportation vehicles and packaging, including packaging for food, medical and electronics applications, sports equipment, and household appliances, are discussed. Safety, recycling and environmental aspects of thermoforming and its products complete the book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineers working with plastics films or products using plastic films (OEM level to the actual part manufacturer of thermoforming) in industries such as Automotive\/ transportation manufacturing, Packaging, Plastics Industry, Paint Industry; Personnel involved in testing and QA of products using plastics films, and managers; Academic Institutions\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction to Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e1.1 History\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Market and Applications\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e2. The Thermoforming Process\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Background\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Basic Principles of Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Difference between Plastic Sheets and Laminates\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Forming Process\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Forming Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Machinery\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e3. Review of Characteristics of Common Plastics for Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Impact of Main Variables\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e4. Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Why Laminates?\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Elements of Laminates\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Typical Commercial Laminates\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Hot-Roll Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Extrusion Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Flame Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Adhesive Lamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e5. New Developments\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Heating Technology\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Trimming Technology\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Thickness Reduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Pressure Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Vacuum Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Twin-Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Reinforced-Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Multilayer Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Biaxial Bulge\u003cbr\u003e5.10 Biaxial Strain\u003cbr\u003e5.11 Bulge Test Models\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e6. Mechanics of Materials\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Stress\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Strain\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Stress Relaxation and Creep\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Creep and Stress Relaxation Models\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Peeling\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Delamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e7. Characterization\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Mechanical Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Impact Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Biaxial Bulge Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Rheological Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Color Test\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specular Gloss Test\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e8. Matching Material Characteristics to Commercial Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Appliances\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Bathroom\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Sports\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e9. Safety, Recycling and Environmental Issues of Thermoforming and its Products\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Safety\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Safety Guards\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e9.4 The Economics of Recycling\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Handling of Scrap\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Contamination\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Environmental Impact\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e10. Other Processing Approaches\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Melt Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Coextrusion\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Calendering\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Casting\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Coating\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e11. Modeling of Thermoforming: A Literature Review\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Models\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e12. Troubleshooting\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Hot-Roll Lamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:13-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:13-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","biaxial","book","characterization","environment","laminates","lamination","market and applications","p-processing","plastics","polymer","recycling","safety","technology","thermoforming","troubleshooting"],"price":14900,"price_min":14900,"price_max":14900,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378469828,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Thermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates, 1st Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14900,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9781455731725","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731725_9de2532f-a7bd-428f-8283-c2521a2c0bb3.jpg?v=1499726280"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731725_9de2532f-a7bd-428f-8283-c2521a2c0bb3.jpg?v=1499726280","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358810157149,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731725_9de2532f-a7bd-428f-8283-c2521a2c0bb3.jpg?v=1499726280"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781455731725_9de2532f-a7bd-428f-8283-c2521a2c0bb3.jpg?v=1499726280","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: S Ashter \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9781455731725 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlastic Films Technologies, Testing, and Applications\u003cbr\u003ePublished: 2013\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePages: 352\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• First comprehensive source of information and hands-on guide for the thermoforming of multilayered laminates\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Covers applications across such sectors as automotive, packaging, home goods, and construction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Introduces new testing methods leveraging protocols used for metals\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThermoforming of Single and Multilayer Laminates explains the fundamentals of lamination and plastics thermoforming technologies along with current and new developments. It focuses on properties and thermoforming mechanics of plastic films and in particular single and multilayered laminates, including barrier films.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor environmental and economic reasons, laminates are becoming increasingly important as a replacement for solid sheets and paint finishes in many industries, including transportation, packaging, and construction. Yet the processes of film formability during the extensive deformation and elevated temperatures experienced in conventional processing technologies, such as thermoforming, are poorly understood by most engineers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book covers production processes, such as extrusion, calendaring, and casting, as well as mechanical and impact testing methods. It also describes how testing protocols developed for metals can be leveraged for plastic films and laminates and includes a thorough discussion on methods for performing optical strain analysis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplications in transportation vehicles and packaging, including packaging for food, medical and electronics applications, sports equipment, and household appliances, are discussed. Safety, recycling and environmental aspects of thermoforming and its products complete the book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eReadership\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEngineers working with plastics films or products using plastic films (OEM level to the actual part manufacturer of thermoforming) in industries such as Automotive\/ transportation manufacturing, Packaging, Plastics Industry, Paint Industry; Personnel involved in testing and QA of products using plastics films, and managers; Academic Institutions\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction to Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e1.1 History\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Market and Applications\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e2. The Thermoforming Process\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Background\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Basic Principles of Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Difference between Plastic Sheets and Laminates\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Theory of Forming Process\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Forming Characteristics\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Machinery\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e3. Review of Characteristics of Common Plastics for Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Impact of Main Variables\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e4. Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Why Laminates?\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Elements of Laminates\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Typical Commercial Laminates\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Hot-Roll Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Extrusion Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Flame Lamination\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Adhesive Lamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e5. New Developments\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Heating Technology\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Trimming Technology\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Thickness Reduction\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Pressure Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Vacuum Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Twin-Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Reinforced-Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Multilayer Sheet Forming\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Biaxial Bulge\u003cbr\u003e5.10 Biaxial Strain\u003cbr\u003e5.11 Bulge Test Models\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e6. Mechanics of Materials\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Stress\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Strain\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Stress Relaxation and Creep\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Creep and Stress Relaxation Models\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Peeling\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Delamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e7. Characterization\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Mechanical Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Impact Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Biaxial Bulge Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Rheological Testing\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Color Test\u003cbr\u003e7.7 Specular Gloss Test\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e8. Matching Material Characteristics to Commercial Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Appliances\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Bathroom\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Sports\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e9. Safety, Recycling and Environmental Issues of Thermoforming and its Products\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Safety\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Safety Guards\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e9.4 The Economics of Recycling\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Handling of Scrap\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Contamination\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Environmental Impact\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e10. Other Processing Approaches\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Melt Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Coextrusion\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Calendering\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Casting\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Coating\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e11. Modeling of Thermoforming: A Literature Review\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Models\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e12. Troubleshooting\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Thermoforming\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Hot-Roll Lamination\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Description Author: Vannessa Goodship ISBN 978-1-85957-470-6 138 pages Summary Injection moulding is one of the most commonly used processing technologies for plastics materials. Proper machine set up, part and mould design, and material selection can lead to high-quality production. This review outlines common factors to check when preparing for injection mould components so that costly mistakes...
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{"id":11242229508,"title":"Troubleshooting Injection Moulding","handle":"978-1-85957-470-6","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Vannessa Goodship \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-470-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e138 pages\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nInjection moulding is one of the most commonly used processing technologies for plastics materials. Proper machine set up, part and mould design, and material selection can lead to high-quality production. This review outlines common factors to check when preparing for injection mould components so that costly mistakes can be avoided. Sometimes problems occur in producing parts of the desired quality and there are visible surface defects. Due to the complex interrelationship between the part and the mould, the moulding compound, and the processing, it is often hard to recognise the source of the problem to remedy it. Defects can be classified into: sink marks, streaks, gloss differences, visible weld lines, jetting, diesel effect (burns), record grooves effect, stress whitening or cracking, incompletely filled parts, flash, visible ejector marks, deformation during demoulding, flaking of the surface, cold slugs or cold flow lines, entrapped air and blister formation, dark spots, and dull spots near the sprue. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review examines the different types of surface defects that can be identified in plastics parts and looks at ways of solving these problems. Useful flow charts to illustrate possible ways forward are included. Case studies and a large number of figures make this a very useful report.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Optimising the Moulding Part \u003cbr\u003e2. Detection, Classification and Troubleshooting Defects \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Classification \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Flow Charts for Troubleshooting \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Sink Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Correcting Sink Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Burnt Streaks (Brown or Silver) \u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Moisture Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Colour Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.4 Air Streaks\/Air Hooks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.5 Glass Fibre Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Gloss\/Gloss Differences \u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Correcting Gloss\/Gloss Differences \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Weld Line (Visible Notch or Colour Change) \u003cbr\u003e2.6.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.6.2 Improving a Weld Line (Visible Notch or Colour Change) \u003cbr\u003e2.7 Jetting \u003cbr\u003e2.7.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.7.2 Correcting Jetting \u003cbr\u003e2.8 Diesel Effect (Burns) \u003cbr\u003e2.8.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.8.2 Correcting Diesel Effect (Burns) \u003cbr\u003e2.9 Record Grooves Effect \u003cbr\u003e2.9.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.9.2 Correcting Record Grooves Effect \u003cbr\u003e2.10 Stress Whitening\/Stress Cracks \u003cbr\u003e2.10.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.10.2 Correcting Stress Whitening\/Stress Cracks \u003cbr\u003e2.11 Incompletely Filled Parts \u003cbr\u003e2.11.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.11.2 Correcting Incompletely Filled Parts \u003cbr\u003e2.12 Oversprayed Parts (Flashes) \u003cbr\u003e2.12.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.12.2 Correcting Oversprayed Parts (Flashes) \u003cbr\u003e2.13 Visible Ejector Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.13.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.13.2 Correcting Visible Ejector Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.14 Deformation During Demoulding \u003cbr\u003e2.14.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.14.2 Correcting Deformation During Demoulding \u003cbr\u003e2.15 Flaking of the Surface Layer \u003cbr\u003e2.15.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.15.2 Correcting Flaking of the Surface Layer \u003cbr\u003e2.16 Cold Slugs\/Cold Flow Lines \u003cbr\u003e2.16.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.16.2 Correcting Cold Slug\/Cold Flow Lines \u003cbr\u003e2.17 Entrapped Air (Blister Formation) \u003cbr\u003e2.17.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.17.2 Correcting Entrapped Air (Blister Formation) \u003cbr\u003e2.18 Dark Spots \u003cbr\u003e2.18.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.18.2 Correcting Dark Spots \u003cbr\u003e2.19 Dull Spots Near the Sprue \u003cbr\u003e2.19.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.19.2 Correcting Dull Spots Near the Sprue \u003cbr\u003e3. Case Studies of Injection Moulded Components \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Threaded Connecting Sleeves for Ink Drafting Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Meter Cases \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Wristwatch Glass \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Alarm Clock Glass \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Glass Cover for Digital Gauge \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Plug Boards with Insert Pins \u003cbr\u003e4. Effects of Injection Moulding Parameters \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Internal Mould Temperature and Pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Relationship of Injection and Mould Cavity Pressures \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Injection Pressure and Injection Time \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Filling Speed \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Filling Speed and Orientation \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Effects of Too High Filling Speed \u003cbr\u003e5. Machine Specifications \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Clamp Force \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Injection Unit \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Feeding Hopper \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Barrel Residence Time \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precompression of the Melt \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Check Valve \u003cbr\u003e5.7 The Nozzle \u003cbr\u003e5.8 The Feed System \u003cbr\u003e5.9 The Mould Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.10 The Importance of Adequate Venting \u003cbr\u003e5.11 Multi-Cavity Moulds \u003cbr\u003eGeneral Information on Wear and Tear \u003cbr\u003e6. Conclusion \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms \u003cbr\u003eAbstracts from the Polymer Library Database \u003cbr\u003eSubject Index \u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe editor, Dr. Vannessa Goodship, is a Senior Research Fellow with 15 years\u003cbr\u003eexperience in industry and expertise in injection moulding technology. She\u003cbr\u003eis based at the Warwick Manufacturing Group in the Advanced Technology\u003cbr\u003eCentre at the University of Warwick.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:11-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:12-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2004","barrel","blister","book","cavity","colour","dark spots","dull spots","entrapped air","feed system","feeding hopper","filling speed","flow line","glass cover","gloss","injection moulding","insert pins","melt","moisture streaks","molding","nozzle","p-processing","parameters","plastic","polymer","precompression","pressure","pressures","specifications","temperature","valve","venting","wristwatch glass"],"price":12500,"price_min":12500,"price_max":12500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378399108,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Troubleshooting Injection Moulding","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":12500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-470-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-470-6_57ea8892-cd62-4382-8ea0-7fccdc0d39aa.jpg?v=1499956929"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-470-6_57ea8892-cd62-4382-8ea0-7fccdc0d39aa.jpg?v=1499956929","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":358833717341,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-470-6_57ea8892-cd62-4382-8ea0-7fccdc0d39aa.jpg?v=1499956929"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-470-6_57ea8892-cd62-4382-8ea0-7fccdc0d39aa.jpg?v=1499956929","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Vannessa Goodship \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-470-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e138 pages\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nInjection moulding is one of the most commonly used processing technologies for plastics materials. Proper machine set up, part and mould design, and material selection can lead to high-quality production. This review outlines common factors to check when preparing for injection mould components so that costly mistakes can be avoided. Sometimes problems occur in producing parts of the desired quality and there are visible surface defects. Due to the complex interrelationship between the part and the mould, the moulding compound, and the processing, it is often hard to recognise the source of the problem to remedy it. Defects can be classified into: sink marks, streaks, gloss differences, visible weld lines, jetting, diesel effect (burns), record grooves effect, stress whitening or cracking, incompletely filled parts, flash, visible ejector marks, deformation during demoulding, flaking of the surface, cold slugs or cold flow lines, entrapped air and blister formation, dark spots, and dull spots near the sprue. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis review examines the different types of surface defects that can be identified in plastics parts and looks at ways of solving these problems. Useful flow charts to illustrate possible ways forward are included. Case studies and a large number of figures make this a very useful report.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Introduction \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Optimising the Moulding Part \u003cbr\u003e2. Detection, Classification and Troubleshooting Defects \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Classification \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Flow Charts for Troubleshooting \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Sink Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Correcting Sink Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.1 Burnt Streaks (Brown or Silver) \u003cbr\u003e2.4.2 Moisture Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.3 Colour Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.4 Air Streaks\/Air Hooks \u003cbr\u003e2.4.5 Glass Fibre Streaks \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Gloss\/Gloss Differences \u003cbr\u003e2.5.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.5.2 Correcting Gloss\/Gloss Differences \u003cbr\u003e2.6 Weld Line (Visible Notch or Colour Change) \u003cbr\u003e2.6.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.6.2 Improving a Weld Line (Visible Notch or Colour Change) \u003cbr\u003e2.7 Jetting \u003cbr\u003e2.7.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.7.2 Correcting Jetting \u003cbr\u003e2.8 Diesel Effect (Burns) \u003cbr\u003e2.8.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.8.2 Correcting Diesel Effect (Burns) \u003cbr\u003e2.9 Record Grooves Effect \u003cbr\u003e2.9.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.9.2 Correcting Record Grooves Effect \u003cbr\u003e2.10 Stress Whitening\/Stress Cracks \u003cbr\u003e2.10.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.10.2 Correcting Stress Whitening\/Stress Cracks \u003cbr\u003e2.11 Incompletely Filled Parts \u003cbr\u003e2.11.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.11.2 Correcting Incompletely Filled Parts \u003cbr\u003e2.12 Oversprayed Parts (Flashes) \u003cbr\u003e2.12.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.12.2 Correcting Oversprayed Parts (Flashes) \u003cbr\u003e2.13 Visible Ejector Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.13.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.13.2 Correcting Visible Ejector Marks \u003cbr\u003e2.14 Deformation During Demoulding \u003cbr\u003e2.14.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.14.2 Correcting Deformation During Demoulding \u003cbr\u003e2.15 Flaking of the Surface Layer \u003cbr\u003e2.15.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.15.2 Correcting Flaking of the Surface Layer \u003cbr\u003e2.16 Cold Slugs\/Cold Flow Lines \u003cbr\u003e2.16.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.16.2 Correcting Cold Slug\/Cold Flow Lines \u003cbr\u003e2.17 Entrapped Air (Blister Formation) \u003cbr\u003e2.17.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.17.2 Correcting Entrapped Air (Blister Formation) \u003cbr\u003e2.18 Dark Spots \u003cbr\u003e2.18.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.18.2 Correcting Dark Spots \u003cbr\u003e2.19 Dull Spots Near the Sprue \u003cbr\u003e2.19.1 Physical Cause \u003cbr\u003e2.19.2 Correcting Dull Spots Near the Sprue \u003cbr\u003e3. Case Studies of Injection Moulded Components \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Threaded Connecting Sleeves for Ink Drafting Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Meter Cases \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Wristwatch Glass \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Alarm Clock Glass \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Glass Cover for Digital Gauge \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Plug Boards with Insert Pins \u003cbr\u003e4. Effects of Injection Moulding Parameters \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Internal Mould Temperature and Pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Relationship of Injection and Mould Cavity Pressures \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Injection Pressure and Injection Time \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Filling Speed \u003cbr\u003e4.5 Filling Speed and Orientation \u003cbr\u003e4.6 Effects of Too High Filling Speed \u003cbr\u003e5. Machine Specifications \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Clamp Force \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Injection Unit \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Feeding Hopper \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Barrel Residence Time \u003cbr\u003e5.5 Precompression of the Melt \u003cbr\u003e5.6 Check Valve \u003cbr\u003e5.7 The Nozzle \u003cbr\u003e5.8 The Feed System \u003cbr\u003e5.9 The Mould Temperature \u003cbr\u003e5.10 The Importance of Adequate Venting \u003cbr\u003e5.11 Multi-Cavity Moulds \u003cbr\u003eGeneral Information on Wear and Tear \u003cbr\u003e6. Conclusion \u003cbr\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms \u003cbr\u003eAbstracts from the Polymer Library Database \u003cbr\u003eSubject Index \u003cbr\u003eCompany Index\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe editor, Dr. Vannessa Goodship, is a Senior Research Fellow with 15 years\u003cbr\u003eexperience in industry and expertise in injection moulding technology. She\u003cbr\u003eis based at the Warwick Manufacturing Group in the Advanced Technology\u003cbr\u003eCentre at the University of Warwick.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}