Filled PolymersScience and Industrial Applications

Author: Jean L. Leblanc
ISBN 978-1-4398004-2-3

Pages: 444 pages

$170.00

The idea of mixing single available materials into compounds to fulfill a set of desired properties is likely as old as mankind. Highly sophisticated polymer applications would simply be impossible without the enhancement of some of their properties through the addition of fine mineral particles or synthetic or natural short fibers. Many filled polymers, either thermoplastics or vulcanizable rubbers, have different chemical natures but exhibit common singular properties. An understanding of why they do so is likely to be the source of promising scientific and engineering developments—and Filled Polymers: Science and Industrial Applications thoroughly explores the question.

Based on the author’s 30 years of research, engineering activities, and teaching in the field of complex polymer systems, this comprehensive survey of polymer applications illustrates their commonalities and the scientific background behind their many industrial uses. The text analyzes theoretical considerations which explain the origin of the singular properties of filled polymers, and it includes appendices which feature a selection of calculation worksheets that offer numerical illustrations of several of the theoretical considerations discussed in the book.

Our understanding of polymer reinforcement remains incomplete because any progress in the field is strongly connected with either the availability of appropriate experimental and observation techniques or theoretical views about polymer-filler interactions, or both. This book presents tools—such as equations tested with familiar calculation software—to clarify these concepts and take understanding to the highest possible level.

Introduction

Scope of the Book

Filled Polymers vs. Polymer Nanocomposites

Types of Fillers

Concept of Reinforcement

Typical Fillers for Polymers

Carbon Black

White Fillers

Short Synthetic Fibers

Short Fibers of Natural Origin

Appendix

Carbon Black Data

Medalia’s Floc Simulation for Carbon Black Aggregate

Medalia’s Aggregate Morphology Approach

Carbon Black: Number of Particles/Aggregate

Polymers and Carbon Black

Elastomers and Carbon Black (CB)

Thermoplastics and Carbon Black

Appendix

Network Junction Theory

Kraus Deagglomeration–Reagglomeration Model for Dynamic Strain Softening (DSS)

Ulmer Modification of the Kraus Model for Dynamic Strain Softening (DSS): Fitting the Model

Aggregates Flocculation/Entanglement

Model (Cluster–Cluster Aggregation (CCA) Model, Klüppel et al.)

Lion et al. Model for Dynamic Strain Softening (DSS)

Maier and Göritz Model for Dynamic Strain Softening (DSS)

Polymers and White Fillers

Elastomers and White Fillers

Thermoplastics and White Fillers

Appendix

Adsorption Kinetics of Silica on Silicone Polymers

Modeling the Shear Viscosity Function of Filled

Polymer Systems

Models for the Rheology of Suspensions of Rigid Particles,

Involving the Maximum Packing Fraction Φm

Assessing the Capabilities of Model for the Shear

Viscosity Function of Filled Polymers

Expanding the Krieger–Dougherty Relationship

Polymers and Short Fibers

Generalities

Micromechanic Models for Short Fibers-Filled Polymer

Composites

Thermoplastics and Short Glass Fibers

Typical Rheological Aspect of Short Fiber-Filled

Thermoplastic Melts

Thermoplastics and Short Fibers of Natural Origin

Elastomers and Short Fibers

Appendix

Short Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Minimum Fiber Aspect Ratio

Halpin–Tsai Equations for Short Fibers Filled Systems: Numerical Illustration

Nielsen Modification of Halpin–Tsai Equations with Respect to the Maximum Packing Fraction: Numerical Illustration

Mori–Tanaka’s Average Stress Concept: Tandon–Weng

Expressions for Randomly Distributed Ellipsoidal (Fiber-Like) Particles: Numerical Illustration

Shear Lag Model: Numerical illustration

Index

Jean L. Leblanc is the director of the Polymer Rheology and Processing Laboratory at the University P & M Curie in Paris. He has published more than 120 scientific papers and two books, contributed chapters in several collective books, made numerous presentations in international conferences, and has given seminars in Brazil, Canada, Thailand, the USA, and several European countries.

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Addcon World conferences are specifically targeted to the plastics additives industry and have been successfully run by Rapra Technology Limited for the past 5 years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe papers presented at this year’s conference will appeal to suppliers of additives, compounders and end-users along with people who want to learn how to use additives\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eList of Papers\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlexible Vinyl Medical Products: Discussion about the Extraction Characteristics of Various Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003eRichard C. Adams, BP Amoco Chemicals, USA \u003cbr\u003eBenzoate Plasticizer for Reducing Plastisol Viscosity and Fusion Temperature\u003cbr\u003eTom Bohnert, B. Stanhope, K. Gruszecki, S. Pitman, V. 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Bahr 2 , 1 Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Institute of Petrochemical Processes (IPCPAcS), Baku, 2 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAchieving More Value From Additives Via New Physical Forms\u003cbr\u003eCorrado Callierotti 1 , Luciano Pallini 1 , Giovanni Sandre 1 , Robert Lee 2 , Ming Wu 2 , Klaus Keck-Antoine 3 \u0026amp; Brian Johnson 3 , 1 Great Lakes Manufacturing Italia, Italy, 2 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, USA, 3 Great Lakes Technology Belgium, Belgium \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStabilizer Package Development - Importance of the Test Criteria Selection\u003cbr\u003eJán Malík and Isolde Bachert, Technical Service Polymer Additives, Clariant Huningue SA, France \u003cbr\u003eThe Impact of Environmental Issues on the Growth of Plastics Additives\u003cbr\u003eThomas Galvanek, Fred Gastrock and Louis N. Kattas, BRG Townsend Inc., USA \u003cbr\u003eEvaluation of Stabilizer Performance in Polymers Using Chemiluminescence\u003cbr\u003eNorman C. Billingham, 1 Peter Fearon, 1 David J. Whiteman, Niall Marshall 2 and Stephen P. Bigger 3 , 1 School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, UK, 2 Polifin Limited, South Africa, 3 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Victoria University, Australia \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePolymer Additives Based on Renewable Materials; Opportunities and Trends\u003cbr\u003eJ. van Haveren, Agrotechnological Research Institute, The Netherlands\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eCriteria and Examples of Optimal Choice of Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003eAchim Litzenburger, Eurobrom BV, Netherlands \u003cbr\u003eNew Metal Hydroxides with Improved Performance for Flame Retardancy in Plastics\u003cbr\u003eRené Herbiet, alusuisse martinswerk gmbh, Germany \u003cbr\u003eProductivity Gains in BOPP Film Production Through Stabilization with Lactone Technology\u003cbr\u003eDoris Eisermann, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Limited, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e(Paper unavailable at time of print) \u003cbr\u003eThe Role of Market Research in the Additives Business\u003cbr\u003eRichard Beswick, bms AG, Switzerland\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}