Radiation Curing

Author: R.S. Davidson
ISBN 978-1-85957-288-7

Published: 2001
pages 124

$125.00

This is a very readable review on the exciting, advancing technology of radiation curing. The principles upon which the technology is based, the equipment that is used and the materials which make up a radiation curable formulation are described. The applications of radiation curing are set to expand. Currently, the technology is used in coatings, graphic arts, printing inks, packaging, adhesives, optical and optoelectronic applications, composite production, rapid prototyping, electronics, with liquid crystals, in nanotechnology, for controlled-permeability membranes and hydrogels (including contact lenses), and for the vulcanisation of natural and synthetic rubber. These are all discussed in this review, with principle material types outlined. The review is well referenced to facilitate further reading. It is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from the Rapra Abstracts database, most of which are cited in the text.

There are many possibilities for future developments in radiation curing. The technology permits extensive control over crosslinking, including reversal of the process of adhesion in some cases. This allows the production of release coatings and provides an easy method of removing expensive components at the end-of-life stage. It is also developing a role in medical applications. The prospects for functional and aesthetic coating applications are abundant with pearlescent coatings, liquid crystals in coatings and high gloss coatings, to name but a few. Radiation curing is generally environmentally friendly - dry powder coatings can eliminate the need for solvent-based products, and reversible adhesives can facilitate recycling. This legislation is fuelling the drive towards this technology.

Introduction
What is Radiation Curing? Use of the Terms ‘Drying’ and ‘Curing’ Why Consider Radiation Curing?
The Chemical Processes Used in Radiation Curing
Processes Involving Radicals Processes Involving Carbanions - Anionic Curing Systems
Equipment
Applications of Curable Coatings Radiation Sources for UV Curing
General Formulations
Initiation of Cure by Photoinitiators Prepolymers Reactive Diluents Pigments Additives
Components of Cationically Cured Formulations Other than Photoinitiators
Reactive Diluents Prepolymers Combinations of Cationic- and Radical-Cured Materials
Applications of Radiation Curing
Wood coating Graphic arts Printing inks Packaging Adhesives Optical Components and Optoelectronic Applications Production of Composites Rapid Prototyping Nanotechnology and Microstructures Liquid Crystals Electronics Powder Coatings Radiation Cured Coatings for Outdoor Use

Water-Based Formulations
Water Resistance, Permeability, and Hydrogels
Vulcanisation
Radiation Curing in the 21st Century

Dr. R Stephen Davidson is Emeritus Professor of Applied Chemistry (University of Kent, UK) and Emeritus Professor of Organic Chemistry (City University, London, UK). He has published over 200 research papers as well as being a regular contributor to RadTech meetings. He is a Chartered Chemist (C.Chem.), a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry (MRSC) and holds two postgraduate degrees.

Dr. Davidson has accumulated knowledge in the general field of radiation curing, relating to free radical and cationic curing systems, the synthesis of photoinitiators, diluents and prepolymers and the development of methods for determining the degree of cure. The development of the analytical methods was crucial for developing an understanding of the mechanism of curing and hence producing simple guidelines for formulators operating with this technology. He has worked with industry on projects such as the UV curing of inks. He is currently a consultant in this field.

Related Products

Reactive Processing of...

$165.00

{"id":11242232324,"title":"Reactive Processing of Polymers","handle":"1-895198-20-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: V P Begishev and A Ya Malkin \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-20-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13-ISBN 987-1-895198-20-1 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 1999\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e225 pages, 118 figures, 6 tables\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe main goal of this book is to discuss various technological methods of reactive processing of polymers with a special emphasis on production of large size articles. The book also shows methods of scaling up from laboratory to production stage by a combination of process modeling and application of modern analytical techniques to evaluate the similarity of production on different scales. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach allows to shorten introduction of new products and design the energy efficient (environmentally-friendly) processes. The combination of physical analysis of process kinetics to elucidate data for evaluation of process similarities on different scales is very useful in setting process parameters on the most energy-efficient level and having a high production output. The proposed method allows to maximize throughput, minimize cost and ensure required quality of the final products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis unique approach not only gives objective results required for precise evaluation of process kinetics but it is applied in the book to real systems used as examples of model application. To fulfill the above goals, the book begins with a discussion of the chemistry of reactive processes which are then discussed from the point of view of their modeling. The modeling considers that reactive processing is impacted by various opposing requirements of flow, polymerization rate, crystallization rate, heat flow, etc. This is the main advantage of the approach when used for process optimization. In the next section, analytical control methods are evaluated for their usefulness in process monitoring. The final (and the largest chapter) discusses details of various technological methods of reactive processing by means of 70 diagrams clearly discussed and thus easy to understand. This interesting monograph is addressed to process engineers and scientists developing new products since both have to optimize their processes to obtain the most economical solution. But it also goes beyond reactive processing since problems of scale-up are common in entire chemical industry and this book shows the way how to control them, introduce new processes without long trials, and design technology which is cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly. All explained in easy to understand language.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Method of Reactive Processing of Polymers\u003c\/em\u003e (Lactam polymerization, Polymerization of monomers and oligomers with double bonds, Curing of unsaturated polyester resins, Curing of epoxy resins, Curing of phenolic-based compositions, Synthesis of polyurethane compounds, Curing of liquid rubbers and oligomers with functional groups, Curing of polysulphide oligomers, Curing of silicon-organic oligomers, Processing of oligomer-monomer mixtures, Processing of filled compositions) Modelling Reactive Processing of Polymers (Objectives of mathematical modeling, Kinetics of polymer synthesis, Kinetic models of lactam polymerization, General kinetic equation, Isothermal polymerization of -caprolactam, Polymerization of -dodecalactam, Synthesis of polybutenamide, Kinetic models of polyurethane synthesis, Kinetic models of curing of epoxy-based compounds, Kinetic models of curing of unsaturated polyesters, Non-isothermal polymerization in a batch-process reactor, Non-isothermal crystallization, Superimposed processes of polymerization and crystallization, Inverse kinetic problems, Changes in rheological properties of a reactive medium, Changes in rheological properties in the process of synthesis, Influence of shear rate on induction period in oligomer curing, Flow of reactive liquids, Residual stresses an strains, Physics of residual stresses in uniform materials, Modeling residual stresses in reactive processing, Residual stresses in amorphous materials, Residual stresses in crystallizable materials)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch and Control Methods for Reactive Molding Processes\u003c\/i\u003e (Control of relaxation properties in oligomer curing, Viscometric studies, Calorimetric methods, Thermal probe method)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrinciples of Technology of Reactive Molding Technology \u003c\/i\u003e(Preparing components (Preliminary operations), Engineering for open mold processes, General layout of a production unit, Component metering, Component mixing, Polymerization or solidification stage, Modeling processes in a mold during solidification, Casting into rotary molds, Technological basis, Hydrodynamic phenomena during molding in a rotary mold, Polymerization in a tube reactor, Flow without transition to the solid state, The role of radial distributions, \"Hydrodynamic\" molecular weight distribution, Polymer coating by spraying, Devices for spraying liquids, Reactive extrusion of profile parts, Frontal processes, Principles, Front development in superimposed processes, Reactive injection molding, General requirements for a composition used in the RIM-process, Plant layout for the process, Processing of reinforced composites, Modeling mold filling, Processability diagrams) \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Method of Reactive Processing of Polymers\u003c\/em\u003e (Lactam polymerization, Polymerization of monomers and oligomers with double bonds, Curing of unsaturated polyester resins, Curing of epoxy resins, Curing of phenolic-based compositions, Synthesis of polyurethane compounds, Curing of liquid rubbers and oligomers with functional groups, Curing of polysulphide oligomers, Curing of silicon-organic oligomers, Processing of oligomer-monomer mixtures, Processing of filled compositions) Modelling Reactive Processing of Polymers (Objectives of mathematical modeling, Kinetics of polymer synthesis, Kinetic models of lactam polymerization, General kinetic equation, Isothermal polymerization of -caprolactam, Polymerization of -dodecalactam, Synthesis of polybutenamide, Kinetic models of polyurethane synthesis, Kinetic models of curing of epoxy-based compounds, Kinetic models of curing of unsaturated polyesters, Non-isothermal polymerization in a batch-process reactor, Non-isothermal crystallization, Superimposed processes of polymerization and crystallization, Inverse kinetic problems, Changes in rheological properties of a reactive medium, Changes in rheological properties in the process of synthesis, Influence of shear rate on induction period in oligomer curing, Flow of reactive liquids, Residual stresses an strains, Physics of residual stresses in uniform materials, Modeling residual stresses in reactive processing, Residual stresses in amorphous materials, Residual stresses in crystallizable materials)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch and Control Methods for Reactive Molding Processes\u003c\/i\u003e (Control of relaxation properties in oligomer curing, Viscometric studies, Calorimetric methods, Thermal probe method)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrinciples of Technology of Reactive Molding Technology \u003c\/i\u003e(Preparing components (Preliminary operations), Engineering for open mold processes, General layout of a production unit, Component metering, Component mixing, Polymerization or solidification stage, Modeling processes in a mold during solidification, Casting into rotary molds, Technological basis, Hydrodynamic phenomena during molding in a rotary mold, Polymerization in a tube reactor, Flow without transition to the solid state, The role of radial distributions, \"Hydrodynamic\" molecular weight distribution, Polymer coating by spraying, Devices for spraying liquids, Reactive extrusion of profile parts, Frontal processes, Principles, Front development in superimposed processes, Reactive injection molding, General requirements for a composition used in the RIM-process, Plant layout for the process, Processing of reinforced composites, Modeling mold filling, Processability diagrams)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:20-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:20-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1999","book","control methods","curing","flow","oligomer","oligomers","p-formulation","phenolic","polymer","polymerization","polymers","processes","processing","production","reactive molding","rheological properties","strains"," epoxy resins"," isothermal"," kinetics"," lactam"," polybutenamide"," polyester resins"," polysulphide"],"price":16500,"price_min":16500,"price_max":16500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378412612,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Reactive Processing of Polymers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":16500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":[],"featured_image":null,"options":["Title"],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: V P Begishev and A Ya Malkin \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-20-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13-ISBN 987-1-895198-20-1 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 1999\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e225 pages, 118 figures, 6 tables\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe main goal of this book is to discuss various technological methods of reactive processing of polymers with a special emphasis on production of large size articles. The book also shows methods of scaling up from laboratory to production stage by a combination of process modeling and application of modern analytical techniques to evaluate the similarity of production on different scales. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis approach allows to shorten introduction of new products and design the energy efficient (environmentally-friendly) processes. The combination of physical analysis of process kinetics to elucidate data for evaluation of process similarities on different scales is very useful in setting process parameters on the most energy-efficient level and having a high production output. The proposed method allows to maximize throughput, minimize cost and ensure required quality of the final products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis unique approach not only gives objective results required for precise evaluation of process kinetics but it is applied in the book to real systems used as examples of model application. To fulfill the above goals, the book begins with a discussion of the chemistry of reactive processes which are then discussed from the point of view of their modeling. The modeling considers that reactive processing is impacted by various opposing requirements of flow, polymerization rate, crystallization rate, heat flow, etc. This is the main advantage of the approach when used for process optimization. In the next section, analytical control methods are evaluated for their usefulness in process monitoring. The final (and the largest chapter) discusses details of various technological methods of reactive processing by means of 70 diagrams clearly discussed and thus easy to understand. This interesting monograph is addressed to process engineers and scientists developing new products since both have to optimize their processes to obtain the most economical solution. But it also goes beyond reactive processing since problems of scale-up are common in entire chemical industry and this book shows the way how to control them, introduce new processes without long trials, and design technology which is cost-efficient and environmentally-friendly. All explained in easy to understand language.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Method of Reactive Processing of Polymers\u003c\/em\u003e (Lactam polymerization, Polymerization of monomers and oligomers with double bonds, Curing of unsaturated polyester resins, Curing of epoxy resins, Curing of phenolic-based compositions, Synthesis of polyurethane compounds, Curing of liquid rubbers and oligomers with functional groups, Curing of polysulphide oligomers, Curing of silicon-organic oligomers, Processing of oligomer-monomer mixtures, Processing of filled compositions) Modelling Reactive Processing of Polymers (Objectives of mathematical modeling, Kinetics of polymer synthesis, Kinetic models of lactam polymerization, General kinetic equation, Isothermal polymerization of -caprolactam, Polymerization of -dodecalactam, Synthesis of polybutenamide, Kinetic models of polyurethane synthesis, Kinetic models of curing of epoxy-based compounds, Kinetic models of curing of unsaturated polyesters, Non-isothermal polymerization in a batch-process reactor, Non-isothermal crystallization, Superimposed processes of polymerization and crystallization, Inverse kinetic problems, Changes in rheological properties of a reactive medium, Changes in rheological properties in the process of synthesis, Influence of shear rate on induction period in oligomer curing, Flow of reactive liquids, Residual stresses an strains, Physics of residual stresses in uniform materials, Modeling residual stresses in reactive processing, Residual stresses in amorphous materials, Residual stresses in crystallizable materials)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch and Control Methods for Reactive Molding Processes\u003c\/i\u003e (Control of relaxation properties in oligomer curing, Viscometric studies, Calorimetric methods, Thermal probe method)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrinciples of Technology of Reactive Molding Technology \u003c\/i\u003e(Preparing components (Preliminary operations), Engineering for open mold processes, General layout of a production unit, Component metering, Component mixing, Polymerization or solidification stage, Modeling processes in a mold during solidification, Casting into rotary molds, Technological basis, Hydrodynamic phenomena during molding in a rotary mold, Polymerization in a tube reactor, Flow without transition to the solid state, The role of radial distributions, \"Hydrodynamic\" molecular weight distribution, Polymer coating by spraying, Devices for spraying liquids, Reactive extrusion of profile parts, Frontal processes, Principles, Front development in superimposed processes, Reactive injection molding, General requirements for a composition used in the RIM-process, Plant layout for the process, Processing of reinforced composites, Modeling mold filling, Processability diagrams) \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Method of Reactive Processing of Polymers\u003c\/em\u003e (Lactam polymerization, Polymerization of monomers and oligomers with double bonds, Curing of unsaturated polyester resins, Curing of epoxy resins, Curing of phenolic-based compositions, Synthesis of polyurethane compounds, Curing of liquid rubbers and oligomers with functional groups, Curing of polysulphide oligomers, Curing of silicon-organic oligomers, Processing of oligomer-monomer mixtures, Processing of filled compositions) Modelling Reactive Processing of Polymers (Objectives of mathematical modeling, Kinetics of polymer synthesis, Kinetic models of lactam polymerization, General kinetic equation, Isothermal polymerization of -caprolactam, Polymerization of -dodecalactam, Synthesis of polybutenamide, Kinetic models of polyurethane synthesis, Kinetic models of curing of epoxy-based compounds, Kinetic models of curing of unsaturated polyesters, Non-isothermal polymerization in a batch-process reactor, Non-isothermal crystallization, Superimposed processes of polymerization and crystallization, Inverse kinetic problems, Changes in rheological properties of a reactive medium, Changes in rheological properties in the process of synthesis, Influence of shear rate on induction period in oligomer curing, Flow of reactive liquids, Residual stresses an strains, Physics of residual stresses in uniform materials, Modeling residual stresses in reactive processing, Residual stresses in amorphous materials, Residual stresses in crystallizable materials)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eResearch and Control Methods for Reactive Molding Processes\u003c\/i\u003e (Control of relaxation properties in oligomer curing, Viscometric studies, Calorimetric methods, Thermal probe method)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrinciples of Technology of Reactive Molding Technology \u003c\/i\u003e(Preparing components (Preliminary operations), Engineering for open mold processes, General layout of a production unit, Component metering, Component mixing, Polymerization or solidification stage, Modeling processes in a mold during solidification, Casting into rotary molds, Technological basis, Hydrodynamic phenomena during molding in a rotary mold, Polymerization in a tube reactor, Flow without transition to the solid state, The role of radial distributions, \"Hydrodynamic\" molecular weight distribution, Polymer coating by spraying, Devices for spraying liquids, Reactive extrusion of profile parts, Frontal processes, Principles, Front development in superimposed processes, Reactive injection molding, General requirements for a composition used in the RIM-process, Plant layout for the process, Processing of reinforced composites, Modeling mold filling, Processability diagrams)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e"}

Designing with Plastics

$78.00

{"id":11242238084,"title":"Designing with Plastics","handle":"0-902348-75-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.R. Lewis \u003cbr\u003eISBN 0-902348-75-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Open University, Department of Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview Report\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Lewis surveys plastic design from the point of view of material properties and processing technology. Several are aspects are also included such as legal implications of intellectual property, product liability, ergonomic ans esthetic design, parts consolidation and recyclability.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTable of Contents:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIndustrial and Engineering Design \u003cbr\u003eLegal Constraints \u003cbr\u003eMaterial Selection \u003cbr\u003eManufacturing with Plastics \u003cbr\u003eProcess selection \u003cbr\u003eProduct Design \u003cbr\u003eInvention in Plastic Products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:37-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:37-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["1993","book","design","engineering","industrial","invention","legal constraints","manufacturing","material selection","p-formulation","plastic","plastics","polymer","process","process selection","product design","products"],"price":7800,"price_min":7800,"price_max":7800,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378426628,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Designing with Plastics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":7800,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"0-902348-75-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[]}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-902348-75-2.jpg?v=1499724387"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-902348-75-2.jpg?v=1499724387","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":353971175517,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-902348-75-2.jpg?v=1499724387"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/0-902348-75-2.jpg?v=1499724387","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: P.R. Lewis \u003cbr\u003eISBN 0-902348-75-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Open University, Department of Materials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview Report\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDr. Lewis surveys plastic design from the point of view of material properties and processing technology. Several are aspects are also included such as legal implications of intellectual property, product liability, ergonomic ans esthetic design, parts consolidation and recyclability.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTable of Contents:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIndustrial and Engineering Design \u003cbr\u003eLegal Constraints \u003cbr\u003eMaterial Selection \u003cbr\u003eManufacturing with Plastics \u003cbr\u003eProcess selection \u003cbr\u003eProduct Design \u003cbr\u003eInvention in Plastic Products\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}