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Handbook of Plastic Pr...
$180.00
{"id":11242212612,"title":"Handbook of Plastic Processes","handle":"978-0-471-66255-6","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Charles A. Harper \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-471-66255-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 763, hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAn outstanding and thorough presentation of the complete field of plastics processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Plastic Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e is the only comprehensive reference covering not just one, but all major processes used to produce plastic products-helping designers and manufacturers in selecting the best process for a given product while enabling users to better understand the performance characteristics of each process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors, all experts in their fields, explain in clear, concise, and practical terms the advantages, uses, and limitations of each process, as well as the most modern and up-to-date technologies available in their application. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCoverage includes chapters on: \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompression and transfer molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheet extrusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlow molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalendering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoam processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforced plastics processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid resin processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRotational molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReaction injection molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompounding, mixing, and blending\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMachining and mechanical fabrication\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssembly, finishing, and decorating\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003eEach chapter details a particular process, its variations, the equipment used, the range of materials utilized in the process, and its advantages and limitations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause of its increasing impact on the industry, the editor has also added a chapter on nanotechnology in plastics processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Injection Molding (Peter F. Grelle) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Assisted Injection Molding (Steve Ham) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Sheet Extrusion (Dana R. Hanson) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Thermoforming (Scott Macdonald) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Blow Molding (Norman C. Lee) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Rotational Molding (Paul Nugent) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Compression and Transfer Molding (John L. Hull) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Composite Processes (Dale A. Grove) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Liquid Resin Processes (John L. Hull and Steven J. Adamson) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Assembly (Edward M. Petrie). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Decorating and Finishing (Edward M. Petrie and John L. Hull). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Polymer Nanocomposite Processing (Nandika Anne D'Souza, Jo Ann Ratto, Ajit Ranade, Will Strauss and Laxmi Sahu). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCHARLES A. HARPER is President of Technology Seminars, Inc., an organization that has provided educational seminars to the industry for over twenty years. An engineering graduate of The Johns Hopkins University, where he has also served as an adjunct professor, Mr. Harper has held leadership roles in many professional societies and organizations and is a Fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering. He is the author or editor of numerous books in the plastics and materials fields.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:16-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:17-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2006","and blending Machining and mechanical fabrication Assembly","and decorating Each chapter details a particular process","and its advantages and limitations. Because of its increasing impact on the industry","blending Thermoforming Reaction injection molding Compounding","blow molding","book","calendering","compounding","compression","extrusion","finishing","foam","injection molding","its variations","liquid resin","mixing","moulding","p-processing","polymer","reinforced plastics","rotational molding","sheet","the editor has also added a chapter on nanotechnology in plastics processing.","the equipment used","the range of materials utilized in the process","transfer molding"],"price":18000,"price_min":18000,"price_max":18000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378342980,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plastic Processes","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":18000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-5,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-0-471-66255-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-471-66255-6.jpg?v=1499470842"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-471-66255-6.jpg?v=1499470842","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356334207069,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-471-66255-6.jpg?v=1499470842"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-0-471-66255-6.jpg?v=1499470842","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Charles A. Harper \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-0-471-66255-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 763, hardcover\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAn outstanding and thorough presentation of the complete field of plastics processing \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHandbook of Plastic Processes\u003c\/strong\u003e is the only comprehensive reference covering not just one, but all major processes used to produce plastic products-helping designers and manufacturers in selecting the best process for a given product while enabling users to better understand the performance characteristics of each process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe authors, all experts in their fields, explain in clear, concise, and practical terms the advantages, uses, and limitations of each process, as well as the most modern and up-to-date technologies available in their application. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCoverage includes chapters on: \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInjection molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompression and transfer molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheet extrusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlow molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalendering\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFoam processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinforced plastics processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid resin processing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRotational molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReaction injection molding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompounding, mixing, and blending\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMachining and mechanical fabrication\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssembly, finishing, and decorating\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003eEach chapter details a particular process, its variations, the equipment used, the range of materials utilized in the process, and its advantages and limitations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause of its increasing impact on the industry, the editor has also added a chapter on nanotechnology in plastics processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Injection Molding (Peter F. Grelle) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Assisted Injection Molding (Steve Ham) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Sheet Extrusion (Dana R. Hanson) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Thermoforming (Scott Macdonald) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Blow Molding (Norman C. Lee) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Rotational Molding (Paul Nugent) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7. Compression and Transfer Molding (John L. Hull) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8. Composite Processes (Dale A. Grove) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9. Liquid Resin Processes (John L. Hull and Steven J. Adamson) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10. Assembly (Edward M. Petrie). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11. Decorating and Finishing (Edward M. Petrie and John L. Hull). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12. Polymer Nanocomposite Processing (Nandika Anne D'Souza, Jo Ann Ratto, Ajit Ranade, Will Strauss and Laxmi Sahu). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nCHARLES A. HARPER is President of Technology Seminars, Inc., an organization that has provided educational seminars to the industry for over twenty years. An engineering graduate of The Johns Hopkins University, where he has also served as an adjunct professor, Mr. Harper has held leadership roles in many professional societies and organizations and is a Fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering. He is the author or editor of numerous books in the plastics and materials fields."}
Handbook of Plasticize...
$285.00
{"id":11242200196,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-50-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-50-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages 748, Tables 114, Figures 416, References 3876\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book contains the comprehensive review of information available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous edition. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing the variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll numerical data are in the form of database (see information on Plasticizer Database which is a separate publication), whereas the theoretical component of information is given in the traditional form of a printed book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the groups and also to give ranges of expected properties for a given group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty five Sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 34 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with Plasticizer Database which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003eMax Kron \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 THEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution of materials in contact \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García, and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Effect of plasticizers on other properties \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 es \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJ.C. García","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:37-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:12:37-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2012","abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378305028,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-50-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335190109,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"width":387,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955"},"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-50-8.jpg?v=1499470955","width":387}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych Editor \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-50-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages 748, Tables 114, Figures 416, References 3876\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThis book contains the comprehensive review of information available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous edition. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing the variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll numerical data are in the form of database (see information on Plasticizer Database which is a separate publication), whereas the theoretical component of information is given in the traditional form of a printed book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the groups and also to give ranges of expected properties for a given group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty five Sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 34 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with Plasticizer Database which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003eMax Kron \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 THEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003cbr\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution of materials in contact \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García, and M. Beltrán \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Effect of plasticizers on other properties \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 es \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nJ.C. García"}
Handbook of Plasticize...
$350.00
{"id":11427318148,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 3rd Edition","handle":"handbook-of-plasticizers-3rd-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-97-3 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages 858+xii\u003cbr\u003eTables 122, Figures 373\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous editions. \u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used for the production of plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in the selection of plasticizers. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of a printed book, entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\nTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTwenty-eight sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation.\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEditor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 25 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Databook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003ePVC Degradation and Stabilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1 \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eINTRODUCTION \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eMax Kron \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 \u003cstrong\u003eTHEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution in materials in contact \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.21 Stability of physico-mechanical properties of plasticized polyetherurethane in a humid medium\u003cbr\u003eM. A. Makarova, V. V. Tereshatov, A. I .Slobodinyuk, V. Yu. Senichev, Zh. A. Vnutskikh\u003cbr\u003e10.22 Fusible diurethane plasticizers for thermoplastic polyurethane composites\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, V. Yu. Senichev\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Determination of osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, Zh. A. Vnutskikh, V. Yu. Senichev, A. I. Slobodinyuk\u003cbr\u003e10.24 Self-healing\u003cbr\u003e10.25 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.26 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Effect of plasticizers on other properties\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García, and M. Beltran \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eM. Beltrán, J. C. Garcia, and A. Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED MATERIALS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eSøren Thor Larsen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy\u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers? \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers: basic biology and human \u003cbr\u003eextrapolation\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eClaire Sadler, Ann-Marie Bergholm, Nicola Powles-Glover, and Ruth A Roberts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPARa \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to PPS \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams and Carl L. Keen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP\u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal and conceptus nutrient metabolism \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments\u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Acknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of findings from the U.S. National Toxicology Program's Expert Panel Reports\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Exposure to adults in the general population \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Exposure of vulnerable sub-populations \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 Health effects of phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 US NTP expert panel conclusions\u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Public health implications\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWerner Butte\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003eAddendum \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-07-13T17:08:39-04:00","created_at":"2017-07-13T17:11:28-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2017","abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":45225353156,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 3rd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-895198-97-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":407379804253,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-97-3.jpg?v=1503344003","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-97-3 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: March 2017 \u003cbr\u003ePages 858+xii\u003cbr\u003eTables 122, Figures 373\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The book contains information from the most recent sources and updated information from the previous editions. \u003cbr\u003eThe information available today permits to use plasticizers more effectively and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used for the production of plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in the selection of plasticizers. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials which may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer's choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in the condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of a printed book, entitled \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\nTwenty one chapters are included in Handbook of Plasticizers. Full Table of Contents is also available for review. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information which may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers which belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6 and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain mechanisms of plasticizers action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies which help in understanding these steps and parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTwenty-eight sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and principles of their formulation.\n\u003cp\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives and Typical formulations. Use of such consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSimilar, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14 attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: Effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with use of plasticizers, Influence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and Energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003cbr\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer effect on health, safety, and environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. Especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide right answers. This book should be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or \u003cstrong\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/strong\u003e which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEditor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych studied chemical engineering and obtained Ph. D. in chemical engineering. The professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;development. He has published 25 books (PVC Plastisols, University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing), Databook of Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing, 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003cbr\u003ePVC Degradation and Stabilization\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1 \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eINTRODUCTION \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cycloxehane dicarboxylate \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eMax Kron \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Energetic plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Epoxides\u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Glutarates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates\u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete\u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Other plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging\u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion\u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography\u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology\u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Poly(vinyl chloride) – standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time\u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity\u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index\u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value\u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity\u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer\u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification\u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness\u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties\u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration\u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory\u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 \u003cstrong\u003eTHEORIES OF COMPATIBILITY\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu. Senichev and Vasiliy V. Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Compatibility concepts \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Thermodynamic treatment \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Interaction parameter\u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Effect of chemical structure of plasticizers and matrix \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Solubility parameter concept \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 The methods of calculation of solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.2.5 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Methods of plasticizer selection based on principles of compatibility\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 How much plasticizer is necessary for a polymer composition? \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Initial experimental estimation of compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Thermodynamic compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Practical approaches in using theory of compatibility for plasticizers selection \u003cbr\u003e6.5 Experimental data illustrating effect of compatibility on plasticized systems \u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Influence of compatibility on the physical stability of the plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Influence of compatibility on viscosity of the plasticized composition\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Influence of compatibility on mechanical properties and physical properties of plasticized polymer\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Plasticizer distribution in materials in contact \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V Tereshatov and Valery Yu Senichev\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.6 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J. C. García and M. Beltrán \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by scanning electron microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS\u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties\u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJuan Carlos Garcia, and Antonio Francisco Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6.1 Torque measurement in mixers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.2 Capillary viscometers \u003cbr\u003e10.6.3 Dynamic experiments \u003cbr\u003e10.6.4 Rheology of PVC plastisols \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Influence of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of polymers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eValery Yu Senichev and Vasiliy V Tereshatov \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation\u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from material due to the chemical decomposition reactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of material \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionized radiation on plasticized materials\u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology\u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling of crosslinked elastomers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.18.1 Change of elastic properties of elastomers on swelling in liquids of different polarity \u003cbr\u003e10.18.2 Influence of swelling on viscoelastic properties of crosslinked amorphous elastomers\u003cbr\u003e10.18.3 Influence of swelling on tensile strength and critical strain of elastic materials \u003cbr\u003e10.19 The swelling of nano-heterogenous coatings in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V.Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Marina A. Makarova \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.20 Peculiarities of plasticization of polyurethanes by binary plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Vladimir N. Strel'nikov, \u003cbr\u003eElsa N. Tereshatova, Marina A. Makarova\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.21 Stability of physico-mechanical properties of plasticized polyetherurethane in a humid medium\u003cbr\u003eM. A. Makarova, V. V. Tereshatov, A. I .Slobodinyuk, V. Yu. Senichev, Zh. A. Vnutskikh\u003cbr\u003e10.22 Fusible diurethane plasticizers for thermoplastic polyurethane composites\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, V. Yu. Senichev\u003cbr\u003e10.23 Determination of osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer\u003cbr\u003eV. V. Tereshatov, Zh. A. Vnutskikh, V. Yu. Senichev, A. I. Slobodinyuk\u003cbr\u003e10.24 Self-healing\u003cbr\u003e10.25 Shrinkage\u003cbr\u003e10.26 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Effect of plasticizers on other properties\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrates and propionates \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan\u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose\u003cbr\u003e11.14 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, EPDM \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber\u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile\u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide\u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene\u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene\u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide\u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eVasiliy Tereshatov V., Valery Senichev Yu., Elsa Tereshatova N., Marina Makarova A. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate\u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinyl fluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural\u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone\u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive applications \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics\u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage\u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers\u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams\u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets\u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials\u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires\u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García, and M. Beltran \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eM. Beltrán, J. C. Garcia, and A. Marcilla \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation\u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED MATERIALS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eSøren Thor Larsen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy\u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers? \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers: basic biology and human \u003cbr\u003eextrapolation\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eClaire Sadler, Ann-Marie Bergholm, Nicola Powles-Glover, and Ruth A Roberts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression\u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPARa \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to PPS \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams and Carl L. Keen\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP\u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal and conceptus nutrient metabolism \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments\u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Acknowledgements \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of findings from the U.S. National Toxicology Program's Expert Panel Reports\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Exposure to adults in the general population \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Exposure of vulnerable sub-populations \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 Health effects of phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 US NTP expert panel conclusions\u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Public health implications\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWerner Butte\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003eAddendum \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water\u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 14 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, The PVC Formulary (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Handbook of Plasticize...
$390.00
{"id":7703557439645,"title":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 4th Edition","handle":"handbook-of-plasticizers-4th-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1- 77467-022-4 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr\u003ePages 894+xxii\u003cbr\u003eTables 115, Figures 360\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHandbook of Plasticizers brings together in one place all that is known about this vital and rapidly expanding field. The book serves both as a basic reference source for researchers, engineers, and others involved in plastics processing, research and development as well as a source of ideas regarding future developments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The information from the most recent sources was used to update information from previous editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe information available today permits the use of plasticizers more effectively and helps to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used to produce plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in their selection. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials that may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database, should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in a condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of the printed book entitled \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTwenty-one chapters are included in the Handbook of Plasticizers. The full Table of Contents is given below. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information that may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers that belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6, and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain the mechanisms of plasticizers’ action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies, which help in understanding these steps and the parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty-nine sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and the principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. The use of such a consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilarly, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown, including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14, attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: The effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with the use of plasticizers, In the fluence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer’s effect on health, safety, and the environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers’ effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers’ persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers, especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide the right answers. This book is best used in conjunction with the \u003cb\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/b\u003e and\/or \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e which give information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins, \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Energetic plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Epoxides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Glutarates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon resins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.1 Esters \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.2 Polybutenes \u003cbr\u003e2.26.3 Others \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Succinates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal plasticization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion \u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Polyvinylchloride standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time \u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity \u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value \u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification \u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness \u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties \u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration \u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 COMPATIBILITY OF PLASTICIZERS 159\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Prediction methods of plasticizer compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Flory-Huggins interaction parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Prediction of Gibbs free energy of mixing UNIFAC-FV \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Molar volume \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Hansen solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Hoy solubility parameters and other methods based on solubility\u003cbr\u003eparameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.7 Hildebrand solubility parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.8 Molecule charge density using COSMO \u003cbr\u003e6.1.9 Mesoscale simulation using DPD \u003cbr\u003e6.1.10 Ap\/Po ratio \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Validation methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 DSC analysis \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Solid-gel transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of plasticizer structure and conditions of incorporation on\u003cbr\u003ecompatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Effect of plasticizer structure \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.1 Aromaticity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.2 Branching \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.3 Chain length \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.4 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.5 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Conditions of incorporation \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.1 Amount (concentration) \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.2 Method of processing \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Effect of plasticizer type on properties of plasticized material \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Exudation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 Permanence \u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 Volatility \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in the matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their suitability \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of\u003cbr\u003eplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by TG \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from the material due to chemical decomposition\u003cbr\u003ereactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionizing radiation on plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling \u003cbr\u003e10.19 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Hydrophobic\/hydrophilic properties \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.23 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.26 Dissolution \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e10.29 Sorption \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.1.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.2.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrate and propionate \u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.7.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e11.8.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.8.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.9.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.9.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.10.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.10.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.11.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.12.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.12.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose \u003cbr\u003e11.13.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.13.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.13.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.14 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.14.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.14.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.15.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.15.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.17.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.17.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.18.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.18.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e11.20.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.20.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide \u003cbr\u003e11.21.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.21.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e11.24.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.24.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.24.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.25.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.25.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate) \u003cbr\u003e11.26.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.26.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.27.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.27.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.28.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.28.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.31.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.31.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.31.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.32.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.32.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.33.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.33.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.33.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.35.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.35.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.36.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.36.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide \u003cbr\u003e11.37.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.37.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.38.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.38.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.38.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.39.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.39.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.40.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.40.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.42.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.42.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.42.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.43.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.43.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.43.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.45.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.45.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.45.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.46.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.46.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e11.48.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.48.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.4 Mechanism of plasticizers action \u003cbr\u003e11.48.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymers and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.48.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr\u003e11.49.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.49.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.50.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.50.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.50.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.51.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.51.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.52.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.52.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.52.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinylfluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.54.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.56.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.56.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.56.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural \u003cbr\u003e11.57.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.57.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e11.58.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.58.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.58.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.59.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.59.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.59.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.59.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.60.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e11.61.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.61.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61.5 Typical formulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.1.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive \u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.5.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.6.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.6.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Plasticizer concentrations \u003cbr\u003e13.7.3 Reasons for addition \u003cbr\u003e13.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e13.8.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.8.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.8.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.10.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.10.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.10.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.11.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.11.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.11.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e13.12.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.12.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.12.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.12.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.13.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.13.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.13.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.14.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.14.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.14.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.15.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.15.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.15.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams \u003cbr\u003e13.16.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.16.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.16.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.16.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.17.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.17.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.17.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.5 Example of formulation \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.18.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets \u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.19.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.5 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.21.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.21.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.22.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.22.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.22.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.22.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.23.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.23.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.23.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.23.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.24.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.24.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.24.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.25.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.25.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.25.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.26.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.26.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.26.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.26.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials \u003cbr\u003e13.27.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.27.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.27.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.28.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.28.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.28.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.29.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.29.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.29.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.29.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires \u003cbr\u003e13.30.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.30.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.30.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.30.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e13.31.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.31.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.31.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.31.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.32.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.32.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.32.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e13.33.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.33.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.33.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.33.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Potential health risk of exposure to DEHP from glove \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eSøren Thor Larsen \u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy \u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.1 Epidemiological studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.2 In vivo (animal) studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e: basic biology and human extrapolation \u003cbr\u003eAbigail L Walker and Ruth A Roberts\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Developing areas of interest in hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.4 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic\u003cbr\u003ehepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPAR \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5.1 Challenges in alternative models \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams1 and Carl L. Keen\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP \u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments \u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Recent findings \u003cbr\u003e17.3.6 Acknowledgments \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of U.S. actions\u003cbr\u003eto protect those most vulnerable \u003cbr\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson and Dhara Richardson\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 The U.S. response to phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Some U.S. State-level actions \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 2008 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) petition, lawsuit, and final ruling \u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Preventing Harmful Exposure to Phthalates Act 117th Congress\u003cbr\u003e(2021-2022) \u003cbr\u003e17.4.7 Other U.S. Federal Agencies \u003cbr\u003e17.4.8 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003eWerner Butte\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.1 Indoor air \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.2 House dust \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.1 Indoor plasticizers and health \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.2 Human exposure assessment for plasticizers in the indoor\u003cbr\u003eenvironment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.3 Reference and guideline values of plasticizers to assess indoor\u003cbr\u003equality \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water. \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2023-02-24T14:06:20-05:00","created_at":"2023-02-24T13:56:07-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["abiotic","adipates","adsorption","alkyl sulfonates","azelates","benzoates","biodegradation","book","chlorinated paraffins","citrates","coated fabrics","cosmetics","database","degradation","dental materials","electrical","electronics","energetic plasticizers","environment","epoxides","eye protection","fibers","film","flooring","foams","food","footwear","gaskets","gloves","inks","medical applications","membranes","p-additives","paints","pharmaceutical products","plasticisers","plasticizers additives","polymer","releases","solubility","varnishes","volatilization","water"],"price":39000,"price_min":39000,"price_max":39000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43393978663069,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Plasticizers, 4th Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":39000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"deny","barcode":"978-1-77467-022-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":27340016779421,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670224-Case.png?v=1677265546","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEditor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1- 77467-022-4 (hard copy)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePublished: Jan. 2023 \u003cbr\u003ePages 894+xxii\u003cbr\u003eTables 115, Figures 360\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003eHandbook of Plasticizers brings together in one place all that is known about this vital and rapidly expanding field. The book serves both as a basic reference source for researchers, engineers, and others involved in plastics processing, research and development as well as a source of ideas regarding future developments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThis book contains a comprehensive review of information available in the open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature. The information from the most recent sources was used to update information from previous editions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eThe information available today permits the use of plasticizers more effectively and helps to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. The source of raw materials used to produce plasticizers is becoming one of the issues in their selection. The book contains information on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. Plasticizer incorporation demands a broad background of information because plasticizers are now added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials that may have different reactions to the presence of plasticizers. Plasticizer choice is also not simple because there is a large selection of commercial plasticizers and various environmental issues dictating preferred solutions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth aspects considered indicate the need for a comprehensive source which, using currently available means of the computerized database, should provide data and a broad background of theoretical information in a condensed form easy to search. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNumerical data on the most important plasticizers are provided in the tabular form of the printed book entitled \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eTwenty-one chapters are included in the Handbook of Plasticizers. The full Table of Contents is given below. Only some chapters are discussed here to add more information that may not be obvious from the table of contents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eData are available for a large number of commercial plasticizers. This data is used in Chapter 2 to specify typical properties of plasticizers that belong to one of the thirty-one groups. The ranges of expected properties for a given group are also given.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapters 5, 6, and 7 contain new and historical approaches, which explain the mechanisms of plasticizers’ action and their behavior in plasticized systems. This theoretical background helps to understand practical observations and provides guidance to the methods of material improvement. Chapter 9 shows plasticization steps and results of various analytical studies, which help in understanding these steps and the parameters which may control them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwenty-nine sections of Chapter 10 discuss plasticizers’ effect on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials. These sections are essential for understanding the behavior of materials and the principles of their formulation. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eChapter 11 contains data on the use of plasticizers in 61 groups of polymers. The information is grouped under the following sections – Frequently used plasticizers, Practical concentrations, Main functions performed by plasticizers, Mechanism of plasticizer action, Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives, and Typical formulations. The use of such a consistent method of data presentation helps to find information quickly and to compare data from various sources and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSimilarly, Chapter 13 discusses the use of plasticizers in 33 groups of products according to a similar breakdown, including Plasticizer types, Plasticizer concentration, Reasons for plasticizer use, Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer use, Effect of plasticizers on product properties, and Examples of formulations. Both chapters make use of a large number of patents and information in open literature discussing the most current findings and trends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Chapter 14, attempts are being made to discuss the following topics: The effect of plasticizers on process conditions, Processing defects formation and elimination with the use of plasticizers, In the fluence of rheological changes on the process, Equipment maintenance, and energy consumption. This chapter discusses 15 methods of polymer and rubber processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p2\"\u003eSeveral chapters which follow discuss various aspects of plasticizer’s effect on health, safety, and the environment. Chapter 17 contains opinions of renowned experts on various aspects of plasticizers’ effect on health and safety. Chapter 18 contains information on plasticizers’ persistence in soil and water. Plasticizers releases and their presence in the environment are discussed for many important commercial plasticizers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis short review and the Table of Contents show that this book is the most comprehensive source of current information on plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers, especially considering that so many aspects of application plasticizers have recently changed that older books cannot provide the right answers. This book is best used in conjunction with the \u003cb\u003ePlasticizer Database\u003c\/b\u003e and\/or \u003cb\u003eDatabook of Plasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e which give information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 INTRODUCTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Historical developments \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Expectations from plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Definitions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Classification \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 PLASTICIZER TYPES\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Characteristic properties of industrial plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Abietates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Adipates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Alkyl sulfonates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Amides and amines \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Azelates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Benzoates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Bioplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Biodegradable plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.9 Chlorinated paraffins, \u003cbr\u003e2.2.10 Citrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.11 Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester \u003cbr\u003e2.2.12 Energetic plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.13 Epoxides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.14 Esters of C10-30 dicarboxylic acids \u003cbr\u003e2.2.15 Ether-ester plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.16 Glutarates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.17 Hydrocarbon oils \u003cbr\u003e2.2.18 Hydrocarbon resins \u003cbr\u003e2.2.19 Isobutyrates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.20 Maleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.21 Oleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.22 Pentaerythritol derivatives \u003cbr\u003e2.2.23 Phosphates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.24 Phthalate-free plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.25 Phthalates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26 Polymeric plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.1 Esters \u003cbr\u003e2.2.26.2 Polybutenes \u003cbr\u003e2.26.3 Others \u003cbr\u003e2.2.27 Ricinoleates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.28 Sebacates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.29 Succinates \u003cbr\u003e2.2.30 Sulfonamides \u003cbr\u003e2.2.31 Superplasticizers and plasticizers for concrete \u003cbr\u003e2.2.32 Tri- and pyromellitates \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Methods of synthesis and their effect on properties of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Reactive plasticizers and internal plasticization \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3 TYPICAL METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Abbreviations, terminology, and vocabulary \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Acid number \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Aging studies \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Ash \u003cbr\u003e3.5 Brittleness temperature \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Brookfield viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.7 Chemical resistance \u003cbr\u003e3.8 Color \u003cbr\u003e3.9 Compatibility \u003cbr\u003e3.10 Compression set \u003cbr\u003e3.11 Concrete additives \u003cbr\u003e3.12 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e3.13 Extractable matter \u003cbr\u003e3.14 Flash and fire point \u003cbr\u003e3.15 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e3.16 Fusion \u003cbr\u003e3.17 Gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e3.18 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e3.19 Infrared analysis of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e3.20 Kinematic viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.21 Marking (classification) \u003cbr\u003e3.22 Melt rheology \u003cbr\u003e3.23 Migration \u003cbr\u003e3.24 Polyvinylchloride standard specification \u003cbr\u003e3.25 Powder-mix time \u003cbr\u003e3.26 Purity \u003cbr\u003e3.27 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e3.28 Residual contamination \u003cbr\u003e3.29 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e3.30 Saponification value \u003cbr\u003e3.31 Saybolt viscosity \u003cbr\u003e3.32 Sorption of plasticizer \u003cbr\u003e3.33 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e3.34 Specification \u003cbr\u003e3.35 Staining \u003cbr\u003e3.36 Stiffness \u003cbr\u003e3.37 Tensile properties \u003cbr\u003e3.38 Thermal expansion coefficient \u003cbr\u003e3.39 Unsaponifiable contents \u003cbr\u003e3.40 Viscosity of plastisols and organosols \u003cbr\u003e3.41 Water concentration \u003cbr\u003e3.42 Weight loss \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Transportation \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 MECHANISMS OF PLASTICIZERS ACTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Classical theories \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 The lubricity theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 The gel theory \u003cbr\u003e5.1.3 Moorshead's empirical approach \u003cbr\u003e5.2 The free volume theory \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Mathematical models \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 COMPATIBILITY OF PLASTICIZERS 159\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Prediction methods of plasticizer compatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Flory-Huggins interaction parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Prediction of Gibbs free energy of mixing UNIFAC-FV \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Molar volume \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.1.5 Hansen solubility parameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.6 Hoy solubility parameters and other methods based on solubility\u003cbr\u003eparameters \u003cbr\u003e6.1.7 Hildebrand solubility parameter \u003cbr\u003e6.1.8 Molecule charge density using COSMO \u003cbr\u003e6.1.9 Mesoscale simulation using DPD \u003cbr\u003e6.1.10 Ap\/Po ratio \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Validation methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 DSC analysis \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Inverse gas chromatography \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Solid-gel transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Effect of plasticizer structure and conditions of incorporation on\u003cbr\u003ecompatibility \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Effect of plasticizer structure \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.1 Aromaticity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.2 Branching \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.3 Chain length \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.4 Molecular weight \u003cbr\u003e6.3.1.5 Polarity \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Conditions of incorporation \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.1 Amount (concentration) \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.2 Method of processing \u003cbr\u003e6.3.2.3 Temperature \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Effect of plasticizer type on properties of plasticized material \u003cbr\u003e6.4.1 Crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e6.4.2 Exudation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.3 Permanence \u003cbr\u003e6.4.4 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e6.4.5 Volatility \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DIFFUSION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Plasticizer diffusion rate and the methods of study \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Plasticizer motion and distribution in the matrix \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Plasticizer migration \u003cbr\u003e7.4 Antiplasticization \u003cbr\u003e7.5 Effect of diffusion and mobility of plasticizers on their suitability \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER COMPONENTS OF FORMULATION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Plasticizer consumption by fillers \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Solubility of additives in plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Additive molecular mobility and transport in the presence of\u003cbr\u003eplasticizers \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymerization and curing reactions \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9 PLASTICIZATION STEPS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eA. Marcilla, J.C. García and M. Beltrán\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Plasticization steps \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Studies of plastisol's behavior during gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Rheological characterization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by DSC \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by SALS \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by FTIR \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Study of polymer-plasticizer interactions by TG \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Tensile strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Elongation \u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e10.1.4 Toughness, stiffness, ductility, modulus \u003cbr\u003e10.1.5 Other mechanical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Optical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.3 Spectral properties \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Gloss \u003cbr\u003e10.5 Sound \u003cbr\u003e10.6 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.7 Magnetorheological properties \u003cbr\u003e10.8 Electrical properties \u003cbr\u003e10.9 Glass transition temperature \u003cbr\u003e10.10 Flammability and smoke formation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11 Thermal degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.1 Thermal degradation of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.2 Effect of polymer degradation products on plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.11.3 Effect of plasticizer degradation products on polymer degradation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.4 Loss of plasticizer from the material due to chemical decomposition\u003cbr\u003ereactions and evaporation \u003cbr\u003e10.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on the thermal degradation of materials \u003cbr\u003e10.12 Effect of UV and ionizing radiation on plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e10.13 Hydrolysis \u003cbr\u003e10.14 Biodegradation in the presence of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e10.15 Crystallization, structure, and orientation of macromolecules \u003cbr\u003e10.16 Morphology \u003cbr\u003e10.17 Plasticizer effect on contact with other materials \u003cbr\u003e10.18 Influence of plasticizers on swelling \u003cbr\u003e10.19 Fogging \u003cbr\u003e10.20 Hydrophobic\/hydrophilic properties \u003cbr\u003e10.21 Osmotic pressure of plasticizer in polymer \u003cbr\u003e10.22 Self-healing \u003cbr\u003e10.23 Shrinkage \u003cbr\u003e10.24 Soiling \u003cbr\u003e10.25 Free volume \u003cbr\u003e10.26 Dissolution \u003cbr\u003e10.27 Foaming \u003cbr\u003e10.28 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e10.29 Sorption \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11 PLASTICIZERS USE AND SELECTION FOR SPECIFIC POLYMERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e11.1 ABS \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.1.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Acrylics \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.2.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.2.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Bromobutyl rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.3.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.3.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.3.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Butyl terpolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.4.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr\u003e11.5.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.5.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.5.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.6 Cellulose butyrate and propionate \u003cbr\u003e11.6.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.6.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.6.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7 Cellulose nitrate \u003cbr\u003e11.7.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.7.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.7.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.8 Chitosan \u003cbr\u003e11.8.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.8.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.8.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.9 Chlorinated polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.9.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.9.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.10 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.10.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.10.2 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.11 Copolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.11.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.11.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.12 Cyanoacrylates \u003cbr\u003e11.12.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.12.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.12.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.13 Ethylcellulose \u003cbr\u003e11.13.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.13.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.13.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.14 Epoxy resin \u003cbr\u003e11.14.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.14.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.14.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15 Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.15.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.15.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.15.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.15.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.16 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer \u003cbr\u003e11.17 Ionomers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.17.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.17.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.17.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18 Nitrile rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.18.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.18.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.18.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.18.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.19 Perfluoropolymers \u003cbr\u003e11.20 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr\u003e11.20.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.20.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.20.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.21 Polyamide \u003cbr\u003e11.21.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.21.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.21.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.22 Polyamine \u003cbr\u003e11.23 Polyaniline \u003cbr\u003e11.24 Polybutadiene \u003cbr\u003e11.24.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.24.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.24.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25 Polybutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.25.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.25.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.25.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26 Poly(butyl methacrylate) \u003cbr\u003e11.26.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.26.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.26.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27 Polycarbonate \u003cbr\u003e11.27.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.27.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28 Polyester \u003cbr\u003e11.28.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.28.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.28.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.28.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.29 Polyetherimide \u003cbr\u003e11.30 Polyethylacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.31 Polyethylene \u003cbr\u003e11.31.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.31.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.31.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.31.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.32 Poly(ethylene oxide) \u003cbr\u003e11.32.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.32.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.32.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.33 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) \u003cbr\u003e11.33.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.33.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.33.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.34 Polyisobutylene \u003cbr\u003e11.35 Polyisoprene \u003cbr\u003e11.35.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.35.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.35.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.36 Polyimide \u003cbr\u003e11.36.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.36.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.36.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.37 Polylactide \u003cbr\u003e11.37.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.37.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.37.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.38 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr\u003e11.38.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.38.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.38.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.38.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.39 Polypropylene \u003cbr\u003e11.39.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.39.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.39.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.40 Poly(propylene carbonate) \u003cbr\u003e11.40.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.40.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.40.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.41 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) \u003cbr\u003e11.42 Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) \u003cbr\u003e11.42.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.42.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.42.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.42.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.43 Poly(phenylene ether) \u003cbr\u003e11.43.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.43.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.43.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.44 Poly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003e11.45 Polystyrene \u003cbr\u003e11.45.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.45.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.45.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46 Polysulfide \u003cbr\u003e11.46.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.46.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.46.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.47 Polysulfone \u003cbr\u003e11.48 Polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e11.48.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.48.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.48.4 Mechanism of plasticizers action \u003cbr\u003e11.48.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymers and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.48.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.49 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr\u003e11.49.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.49.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.49.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr\u003e11.50.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.50.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.50.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.50.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.50.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.51 Polyvinylbutyral \u003cbr\u003e11.51.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.51.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.51.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr\u003e11.52.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.52.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.52.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.52.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.52.6 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.53 Polyvinylfluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54 Polyvinylidenefluoride \u003cbr\u003e11.54.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.54.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.54.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.55 Polyvinylidenechloride \u003cbr\u003e11.56 Proteins \u003cbr\u003e11.56.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.56.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.56.4 Mechanism of plasticizer action \u003cbr\u003e11.56.5 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57 Rubber, natural \u003cbr\u003e11.57.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.57.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.57.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.57.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.58 Silicone \u003cbr\u003e11.58.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.58.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.58.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.58.5 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.59 Styrene-butadiene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.59.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.59.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.59.3 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.59.4 Typical formulations \u003cbr\u003e11.60 Styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber \u003cbr\u003e11.60.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.60.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.60.4 Effect of plasticizer on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61 Starch \u003cbr\u003e11.61.1 Frequently used plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.2 Practical concentrations \u003cbr\u003e11.61.3 Main functions performed by plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e11.61.4 Effect of plasticizers on polymer and other additives \u003cbr\u003e11.61.5 Typical formulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 PLASTICIZERS IN POLYMER BLENDS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Plasticizer partition between component polymers \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Interaction of plasticizers with blend components \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Effect of plasticizers on blend properties \u003cbr\u003e12.4 Blending to reduce or to replace plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Adhesives and sealants \u003cbr\u003e13.1.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.1.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.1.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.1.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.1.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.2 Aerospace \u003cbr\u003e13.3 Agriculture \u003cbr\u003e13.4 Automotive \u003cbr\u003e13.4.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.4.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.4.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.4.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5 Cementitious materials \u003cbr\u003e13.5.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.5.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.5.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.5.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.5.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.6 Coated fabrics \u003cbr\u003e13.6.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.6.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.6.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.6.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.6.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.7 Composites \u003cbr\u003e13.7.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.7.2 Plasticizer concentrations \u003cbr\u003e13.7.3 Reasons for addition \u003cbr\u003e13.7.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8 Cosmetics \u003cbr\u003e13.8.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.8.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.8.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.8.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.8.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.9 Cultural heritage \u003cbr\u003e13.10 Dental materials \u003cbr\u003e13.10.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.10.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.10.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.10.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11 Electrical and electronics \u003cbr\u003e13.11.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.11.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.11.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.11.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.12 Fibers \u003cbr\u003e13.12.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.12.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.12.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.12.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.13 Film \u003cbr\u003e13.13.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.13.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.13.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.13.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.14 Food \u003cbr\u003e13.14.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.14.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.14.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.14.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15 Flooring \u003cbr\u003e13.15.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.15.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.15.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.15.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.15.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.16 Foams \u003cbr\u003e13.16.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.16.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.16.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.16.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.16.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.17 Footwear \u003cbr\u003e13.17.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.17.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.17.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.17.5 Example of formulation \u003cbr\u003e13.18 Fuel cells \u003cbr\u003e13.18.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.18.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.18.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19 Gaskets \u003cbr\u003e13.19.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.19.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.19.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.19.5 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.20 Household products \u003cbr\u003e13.21 Inks, varnishes, and lacquers \u003cbr\u003e13.21.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.21.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.21.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.21.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.21.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.22 Medical applications \u003cbr\u003e13.22.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.22.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.22.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.22.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.22.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.23 Membranes \u003cbr\u003e13.23.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.23.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.23.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.23.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.24 Microspheres \u003cbr\u003e13.24.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.24.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.24.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25 Paints and coatings \u003cbr\u003e13.25.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.25.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.25.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.25.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.25.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.26 Pharmaceutical products \u003cbr\u003e13.26.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.26.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.26.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.26.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.26.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.27 Photographic materials \u003cbr\u003e13.27.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.27.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.27.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.27.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28 Pipes \u003cbr\u003e13.28.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.28.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.28.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.28.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.28.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.29 Roofing materials \u003cbr\u003e13.29.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.29.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.29.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.29.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.29.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.30 Tires \u003cbr\u003e13.30.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.30.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.30.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.30.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.30.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.31 Toys \u003cbr\u003e13.31.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.31.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.31.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.31.4 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32 Tubing \u003cbr\u003e13.32.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.32.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.32.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.32.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.32.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e13.33 Wire and cable \u003cbr\u003e13.33.1 Plasticizer types \u003cbr\u003e13.33.2 Plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e13.33.3 Reasons for plasticizer use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.4 Advantages and disadvantages of plasticizers use \u003cbr\u003e13.33.5 Effect of plasticizers on product properties \u003cbr\u003e13.33.6 Examples of formulations \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14 PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS PROCESSING METHODS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Blow molding \u003cbr\u003e14.2 Calendering \u003cbr\u003e14.3 Coil coating \u003cbr\u003e14.4 Compression molding \u003cbr\u003e14.5 Compounding (mixing) \u003cbr\u003e14.6 Dip coating \u003cbr\u003e14.7 Dry blending \u003cbr\u003e14.8 Extrusion \u003cbr\u003e14.9 Injection molding \u003cbr\u003e14.10 Polymer synthesis \u003cbr\u003e14.11 Rotational molding \u003cbr\u003e14.12 Rubber processing \u003cbr\u003e14.13 Thermoforming \u003cbr\u003e14.14 Web coating \u003cbr\u003e14.15 Wire coating \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15 SPECIALIZED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN PLASTICIZER TESTING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Plasticizer identification \u003cbr\u003e15.2 Methods of determination of plasticizer concentration \u003cbr\u003e15.3 Determination of volatility, molecular motion, diffusion, and migration \u003cbr\u003e15.4 Methods of study of plasticized materials \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16 MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN APPLICATION TO PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e16.1 PVC-plasticizer interaction model \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Gas permeation \u003cbr\u003e16.3 Migration \u003cbr\u003e16.4 Dry-blending time \u003cbr\u003e16.5 Gelation and fusion \u003cbr\u003e16.6 Thermal decomposition \u003cbr\u003e16.7 Potential health risk of exposure to DEHP from glove \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH PLASTICIZERS AND PLASTICIZED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e MATERIALS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e17.1 Adjuvant effect of plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eSøren Thor Larsen \u003cbr\u003e17.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.1.2 Airway allergy \u003cbr\u003e17.1.3 Adjuvant effect \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4 Adjuvant effect of phthalate plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.1 Epidemiological studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.4.2 In vivo (animal) studies \u003cbr\u003e17.1.5 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e17.2 The rodent hepatocarcinogenic response to phthalate plasticizers\u003cbr\u003e: basic biology and human extrapolation \u003cbr\u003eAbigail L Walker and Ruth A Roberts\u003cbr\u003e17.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2 Gene expression and cancer toxicology \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.1 Gene expression \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.2 Cancer biology: some basic considerations \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.3 Developing areas of interest in hepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.2.4 Chemical carcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3 Peroxisome proliferators and rodent nongenotoxic\u003cbr\u003ehepatocarcinogenesis \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.1 The peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.3.2 PPAR \u003cbr\u003e17.2.4 Species differences in response to peroxisome proliferators \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5 Chemical regulation \u003cbr\u003e17.2.5.1 Challenges in alternative models \u003cbr\u003e17.2.6 Summary \u003cbr\u003e17.3 The influence of maternal nutrition on phthalate teratogenicity \u003cbr\u003eJanet Y. Uriu-Adams1 and Carl L. Keen\u003cbr\u003e17.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.3.2 Reproductive toxicity of BBP and DEHP \u003cbr\u003e17.3.3 Acute phase response-induced alterations in maternal \u003cbr\u003e17.3.4 Concluding comments \u003cbr\u003e17.3.5 Recent findings \u003cbr\u003e17.3.6 Acknowledgments \u003cbr\u003e17.4 Public health implications of phthalates: A review of U.S. actions\u003cbr\u003eto protect those most vulnerable \u003cbr\u003eStephanie R. Miles-Richardson and Dhara Richardson\u003cbr\u003e17.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.4.2 Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 The U.S. response to phthalate exposure \u003cbr\u003e17.4.3 Some U.S. State-level actions \u003cbr\u003e17.4.4 2008 Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act \u003cbr\u003e17.4.5 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) petition, lawsuit, and final ruling \u003cbr\u003e17.4.6 Preventing Harmful Exposure to Phthalates Act 117th Congress\u003cbr\u003e(2021-2022) \u003cbr\u003e17.4.7 Other U.S. Federal Agencies \u003cbr\u003e17.4.8 Conclusion \u003cbr\u003e17.5 Plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003eWerner Butte\u003cbr\u003e17.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e17.5.2 Sources of indoor plasticizers \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3 Occurrence of plasticizers indoors \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.1 Indoor air \u003cbr\u003e17.5.3.2 House dust \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4 Impact of plasticizers in the indoor environment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.1 Indoor plasticizers and health \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.2 Human exposure assessment for plasticizers in the indoor\u003cbr\u003eenvironment \u003cbr\u003e17.5.4.3 Reference and guideline values of plasticizers to assess indoor\u003cbr\u003equality \u003cbr\u003e17.5.5 Summary \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18 THE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF PLASTICIZERS\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eWilliam R. Roy\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e18.1.1 Releases to the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.1.2 Levels in the environment \u003cbr\u003e18.2 Plasticizers in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e18.2.2 Volatilization from water. \u003cbr\u003e18.2.3 Abiotic degradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.4 Biodegradation in water \u003cbr\u003e18.2.5 Adsorption from water \u003cbr\u003e18.3 Soil and sediment \u003cbr\u003e18.3.1 Volatilization \u003cbr\u003e18.3.2 Biodegradation in soil \u003cbr\u003e18.4 Organisms \u003cbr\u003e18.5 Air \u003cbr\u003eSummary and concluding remarks \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19 REGULATIONS AND DATA\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Toxic substance control \u003cbr\u003e19.2. Carcinogenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.3 Teratogenic and mutagenic effect \u003cbr\u003e19.4 Workplace exposure limits \u003cbr\u003e19.5 Exposure from consumer products \u003cbr\u003e19.6 Plasticizers in drinking water \u003cbr\u003e19.7 Food regulatory acts \u003cbr\u003e19.8 Medical and other applications \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20 PERSONAL PROTECTION\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Clothing \u003cbr\u003e20.2 Gloves \u003cbr\u003e20.3 Eye protection \u003cbr\u003e20.4 Respiratory protection \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21 PLASTICIZER RECOVERY \u0026amp; RECYCLING\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Handbook of Polymer Bl...
$270.00
{"id":11242210372,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites , Volume 1","handle":"978-1-85957-249-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-249-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVolume One\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis is the first volume of a four volume set to be published in the next six months. This handbook is intended to provide an overview of the theory and practice of polymer blends and composites. It is a collection of monographs on the subject of polymer blends and composites but much remains to be done and understood. The subject is huge and the number of pages is limited. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art in composites development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composite manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. History of Composites \u003cbr\u003e2. Particulate Fillers and Fibre Reinforcements \u003cbr\u003e3. Composites in Asia \u003cbr\u003e4. Advances in Wood-based Composites in China \u003cbr\u003e5. Overview of the Use of Composites Worldwide \u003cbr\u003e6. The Interface in Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e7. Novel Multifunctional Epoxy Resins \u003cbr\u003e8. Flame Retardant Polyester Resins \u003cbr\u003e9. Cure Kinetics of Vinyl Ester Resins \u003cbr\u003e10. Cure Monitoring \u003cbr\u003e11. Curing and Bonding of Composites using Electron Beam Processing \u003cbr\u003e12 composites at the Turn of the Century\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is a senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:08-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:08-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","book","fibre reinforcement","fillers reinforcements","p-chemistry","polymer","polymer blends","polymer composites","polymer reinforcements","wood-based composite"],"price":27000,"price_min":27000,"price_max":27000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378332356,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites , Volume 1","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-249-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-249-8.jpg?v=1499471195"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-249-8.jpg?v=1499471195","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335845469,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.722,"height":335,"width":242,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-249-8.jpg?v=1499471195"},"aspect_ratio":0.722,"height":335,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-249-8.jpg?v=1499471195","width":242}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-249-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVolume One\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThis is the first volume of a four volume set to be published in the next six months. This handbook is intended to provide an overview of the theory and practice of polymer blends and composites. It is a collection of monographs on the subject of polymer blends and composites but much remains to be done and understood. The subject is huge and the number of pages is limited. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art in composites development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composite manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. History of Composites \u003cbr\u003e2. Particulate Fillers and Fibre Reinforcements \u003cbr\u003e3. Composites in Asia \u003cbr\u003e4. Advances in Wood-based Composites in China \u003cbr\u003e5. Overview of the Use of Composites Worldwide \u003cbr\u003e6. The Interface in Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e7. Novel Multifunctional Epoxy Resins \u003cbr\u003e8. Flame Retardant Polyester Resins \u003cbr\u003e9. Cure Kinetics of Vinyl Ester Resins \u003cbr\u003e10. Cure Monitoring \u003cbr\u003e11. Curing and Bonding of Composites using Electron Beam Processing \u003cbr\u003e12 composites at the Turn of the Century\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is a senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection."}
Handbook of Polymer Bl...
$270.00
{"id":11242210244,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 2","handle":"978-1-85957-278-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-278-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes (of which this is the second) are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. An Overview of Composite Fabrication, Design and Cost \u003cbr\u003e2. Liquid Moulding Processes \u003cbr\u003e3. Use of Advanced Composite Materials in the Construction of Suspension Push-Rods for A Formula One Racing Car \u003cbr\u003e4. Corrosion Resistance of Polymers, Polymer Blends, and Composites in Liquid Environments \u003cbr\u003e5. New Approaches to Reduce Plastic Combustibility \u003cbr\u003e6. Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites for Biomedical Applications \u003cbr\u003e7. Composite Materials in the Nuclear and Space Industries: Specific Applications \u003cbr\u003e8. Advanced Composites for Offshore Developments \u003cbr\u003e9. Functional Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e10. Conducting Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e11. Recycling of Automotive Composites\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is the senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:08-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:08-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","advanced composite materials","book","composite materials in space","p-chemistry","polymer","polymer blends","polymer composites","recycling of composite materials"],"price":27000,"price_min":27000,"price_max":27000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378332036,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 2","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-278-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-278-8.jpg?v=1499471302"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-278-8.jpg?v=1499471302","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335878237,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.721,"height":499,"width":360,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-278-8.jpg?v=1499471302"},"aspect_ratio":0.721,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-278-8.jpg?v=1499471302","width":360}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-278-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes (of which this is the second) are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. An Overview of Composite Fabrication, Design and Cost \u003cbr\u003e2. Liquid Moulding Processes \u003cbr\u003e3. Use of Advanced Composite Materials in the Construction of Suspension Push-Rods for A Formula One Racing Car \u003cbr\u003e4. Corrosion Resistance of Polymers, Polymer Blends, and Composites in Liquid Environments \u003cbr\u003e5. New Approaches to Reduce Plastic Combustibility \u003cbr\u003e6. Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites for Biomedical Applications \u003cbr\u003e7. Composite Materials in the Nuclear and Space Industries: Specific Applications \u003cbr\u003e8. Advanced Composites for Offshore Developments \u003cbr\u003e9. Functional Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e10. Conducting Polymer Composites \u003cbr\u003e11. Recycling of Automotive Composites\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is the senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection."}
Handbook of Polymer Bl...
$270.00
{"id":11242229700,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 3","handle":"1-85957-303-7","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-85957-303-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nTerminology, Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Polymer Systems, Phase Behaviour, Interface (Interphase) in Demixed Polymer Systems, Water Soluble Polymer Blends - Phase Behaviour and Complex Formation, Water Soluble Polymer Blends - Applications, Reactive Polymer Blending, Inter-Penetrating Networks, Heterofibres, Glass Transition in Polymer Blends, Crystallization in Polymer Blends, Effect of Radiation on Polymer Blends, Polymer Blend Ageing, Degradation Behaviour of Polymer Blends and Thermal Methods for Plastics Waste Treatment, Singular Thermal Behavior of Polystyrene\/Polydimethylsiloxane Blends.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe first two volumes (of which this is the second) are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:12-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:12-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","book","degradation of polymer blends","p-chemistry","polymer","polymer blends","polymer composites","properties of polymer blends and composites"],"price":27000,"price_min":27000,"price_max":27000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378399236,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 3","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"1-85957-303-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-85957-303-7.jpg?v=1499471369"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-85957-303-7.jpg?v=1499471369","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335911005,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.691,"height":499,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-85957-303-7.jpg?v=1499471369"},"aspect_ratio":0.691,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-85957-303-7.jpg?v=1499471369","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 1-85957-303-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nTerminology, Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Polymer Systems, Phase Behaviour, Interface (Interphase) in Demixed Polymer Systems, Water Soluble Polymer Blends - Phase Behaviour and Complex Formation, Water Soluble Polymer Blends - Applications, Reactive Polymer Blending, Inter-Penetrating Networks, Heterofibres, Glass Transition in Polymer Blends, Crystallization in Polymer Blends, Effect of Radiation on Polymer Blends, Polymer Blend Ageing, Degradation Behaviour of Polymer Blends and Thermal Methods for Plastics Waste Treatment, Singular Thermal Behavior of Polystyrene\/Polydimethylsiloxane Blends.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe first two volumes (of which this is the second) are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications."}
Handbook of Polymer Bl...
$270.00
{"id":11242210436,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 4","handle":"978-1-85957-304-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-304-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nContents include: Polyolefin Blends, Metallocene Polyolefin Blends, PVC-based Blends, PS and Styrene-Copolymer-based Blends, Ionomer Blends, Polyamides, Polyesters, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyacrylates, Rubber Toughened Epoxies\/Thermosets, Blends Containing Thermostable Polymers, Polyurethane-based Blends, Silicones, Cellulosics or Lignocellulosics, Eco-Friendly Blends, Liquid Crystalline Polymers in Polymer Blends.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is a senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:09-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:09-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2003","application polymer blends and composite","book","multi-component systems","p-chemistry","polymer","polymer blends","polymer composites"],"price":27000,"price_min":27000,"price_max":27000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378332484,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites, Volume 4","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-304-4","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-304-4.jpg?v=1499471436"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-304-4.jpg?v=1499471436","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335943773,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.707,"height":499,"width":353,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-304-4.jpg?v=1499471436"},"aspect_ratio":0.707,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-304-4.jpg?v=1499471436","width":353}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Edited by C. Vasile and A.K. Kulshreshtha \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-304-4 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. The topics of this handbook try to answer these questions in a specific way by using simple rules of mixing. Polymer blending is a very useful and versatile strategy for the polymer chemist for designing new materials that potentially fulfill these new 'green' requirements. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis four volume handbook, Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites is intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. The first two volumes are concerned with the state-of-the-art of composites' development, characteristics of particulate fillers and fibre reinforcements and interface characteristics, main procedures of composites manufacture and their applications. The other two volumes are dedicated to polymer blends. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePractical and theoretical investigations are presented, which are aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to students, researchers, academics, and workers in the industry, who have an interest in polymer blends and composites.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nContents include: Polyolefin Blends, Metallocene Polyolefin Blends, PVC-based Blends, PS and Styrene-Copolymer-based Blends, Ionomer Blends, Polyamides, Polyesters, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyacrylates, Rubber Toughened Epoxies\/Thermosets, Blends Containing Thermostable Polymers, Polyurethane-based Blends, Silicones, Cellulosics or Lignocellulosics, Eco-Friendly Blends, Liquid Crystalline Polymers in Polymer Blends.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnand Kumar Kulshreshtha joined the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) as a Senior Scientific Officer in 1970, where he worked on the morphology and properties of natural fibres (cellulose). In 1975 he became a United Nations Fellow at the then Polytechnic Institute of New York with Professors E.M.Pearce and G.C.Tesoro. In 1978-1979 he worked as a postdoc at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1979-1980, he was an NRC Resident Research Associate at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Currently, he is Senior Manager (R\u0026amp;D) and Leader for Polymer and Information Groups at the Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Vadodara. He is on the editorial board of the journal, 'Popular Plastics \u0026amp; Packaging' and author of about 200 research papers, articles and book chapters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCornelia Vasile is a senior researcher at the Romanian Academy, 'P.Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania and Associate Professor at Laval University-Quebec Canada, 'Gh. Asachi' Technical University of Iasi and 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi. She received her Ph.D. degree in the physical chemistry of macromolecules from 'Al.I.Cuza' University of Iasi, Romania. Cornelia is the author or co-author of seven books, 250 scientific articles, and 75 technical reports, as well as the holder of 38 patents. She is a member of the IUPAC, the Romanian Associations of Romanian Scientists and for Basic Research, the Commissions of the Romanian Academy for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, and of Environmental Protection."}
Handbook of Polymer Foams
$190.00
{"id":11242213380,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Foams","handle":"978-1-85957-388-4","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: David Eaves \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-388-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 274\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of polymer foams is extremely widespread. Indeed, it is hard to think of any industries where polymer foams do not have a part to play. They can be found for example in sports and leisure products, in military applications, in vehicles, in aircraft, and in the home. Most people will encounter polymer foams every day in one form or another, whether it be in furniture, in packaging, in their car, in refrigerator insulation, or in some other common application. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough naturally occurring polymer foams have been known for a long time, (e.g., sponges, cork), synthetic polymer foams have only been introduced to the market over the last fifty years or so. The development of a new polymer has usually been quickly followed by its production in an expanded or foam form owing to the unique and useful properties, which can be realised in the expanded state. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Handbook reviews the chemistry, manufacturing methods, properties and applications of the synthetic polymer foams used in most applications. In addition, a chapter is included on the fundamental principles, which apply to all polymer foams. There is also a chapter on the blowing agents used to expand polymers, blowing agents having undergone considerable change and development in recent years in order to meet the requirements of the Montreal Protocol in relation to the reduction and elimination of chloroflurocarbons (CFC) and other ozone depleting agents. A chapter is also included on microcellular foams - a relatively new development where applications are still being explored. Most chapters have references to facilitate further exploration of the topics. The chapters are all written by experts in the field. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be of interest to those just embarking upon an exploration of the subject of foams, whether in industry or academia. But this will be equally useful to those already working in the field, who need to know about different types of foam.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 Foam Fundamentals (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Foam Structure\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Foam Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Compression Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 Energy Absorption Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 Thermal Properties\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Blowing Agents (Sachida Singh, Huntsman Polyurethanes)\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Selection Criteria for Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Halogenated Hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Hydrocarbons (HC)\u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Inert Gases\u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Other Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Blends of Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Encapsulated Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Physical Blowing Agent by Foam Type and Application\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Chemical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Selection Criteria for Chemical Blowing Agent\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Exothermic CBA\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Endothermic CBA\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Endo\/Exo Blends\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Expanded Polystyrene: Development, Processing, Applications and Key Issues (Andrew Barnetson, BPF)\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Development of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Manufacture of Expanded Polystyrene Mouldings\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Applications for Expanded Polystyrene Packaging\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Construction\u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Novel Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Properties of EPS\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Mechanical Performance\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Thermal Insulation\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Recent Research on Properties of EPS: Value for Fruit and Vegetables\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Global Structure of Markets and Companies\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Europe\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Asia\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 USA\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Key Issues Facing the EPS Industry\u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Fire\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Alternatives to Mechanical Recycling\u003cbr\u003eFurther Information \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Rigid Polyurethane Foams (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Polyols\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Isocyanates\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Other Additives\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Manufacturing Processes for Rigid Polyurethane Foam\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Recycling Processes for Rigid Polyurethane Foam\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Applications\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Applications in Construction\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Applications in the Appliance Industry\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Flexible Polyurethane Foam (Tyler Housel, Inolex Chemical Company)\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Chemistry\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Starting Materials\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Isocyanate\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Polyol\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Water\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Surfactant\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Catalyst\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Colorants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Antioxidants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Light Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.10 Adhesion Promoters\u003cbr\u003e5.3.11 Other Additives\u003cbr\u003e5.4 The Foaming Process\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Raw Material Conditioning\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Mixing\u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Growth\u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Cell Opening\u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Cure\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Manufacturing Equipment\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Storage and Delivery\u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Mixing\u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Foam Rise and Cure\u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Innovations\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Foam Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e5.6.1 Density\u003cbr\u003e5.6.2 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e5.6.3 Resilience\u003cbr\u003e5.6.4 Porosity\u003cbr\u003e5.6.5 Strength Properties\u003cbr\u003e5.6.6 Cell Structure\u003cbr\u003e5.6.7 Environmental Stability\u003cbr\u003e5.6.8 Fatigue\u003cbr\u003e5.6.9 Compression Set\u003cbr\u003e5.6.10 Flammability\u003cbr\u003e5.7 FPF Markets\u003cbr\u003e5.7.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e5.7.2 Comfort\u003cbr\u003e5.7.3 Carpet Cushion\u003cbr\u003e5.7.4 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e5.7.5 Specialty Applications\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Environmental Issues\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Organisations\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Rigid PVC Foam (Noreen Thomas, University of Loughborough)\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Foam Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Basic Principles\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Extrusion Processes\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Effect of Processing Conditions\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Foam Formulation Technology\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Processing Aids\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Type of PVC\u003cbr\u003e6.3.4 Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e6.3.5 Lubricants\u003cbr\u003e6.3.6 Typical Formulations\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Properties\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Novel Processes and Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Microcellular Foam\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Foamed Composites\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Flexible PVC Foams (Chris Howick, EVC)\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Flexible Foam Types and PVC Types\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Flexible Foams Based on Suspension PVC\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Flexible Foams Based on Dispersion or Paste Resins\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Chemically Blown Foams from PVC Plastisols: Fundamentals\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 PVC Resins used in Plastisol Foam Formation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Mineral Fillers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.6 Pigments\u003cbr\u003e7.2.7 Liquid Plasticiser\u003cbr\u003e7.2.8 Blowing Agent Type and Level\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Products Utilising Foamed Plastisols\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Floorings and Carpet Backings\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Wallcoverings\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Synthetic Leather\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 General Foams\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Polyolefin Foams (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Manufacturing Processes and Materials\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Extruded Non-Crosslinked Foam\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Expanded (Non-Crosslinked) Polyolefin Beads\u003cbr\u003e8.2.3 Extruded Crosslinked Foam - Processes\u003cbr\u003e8.2.4 Press Moulded Crosslinked Foam Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.5 Injection Moulded Foam Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.6 The Nitrogen Autoclave Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.7 Recycling Processes\u003cbr\u003e8.2.8 Post Manufacturing Operations\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Properties of Polyolefin Foams\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Applications\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Foam Specifications\u003cbr\u003e8.5.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e8.5.2 Automotive\u003cbr\u003e8.5.3 Furnishings\u003cbr\u003e8.5.4 Buoyancy\u003cbr\u003e8.5.5 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e8.5.6 Construction\u003cbr\u003e8.5.7 Toys\u003cbr\u003e8.5.8 Food contact\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Markets\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Latex Foam (Rani Joseph, Cochin University)\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Dunlop Process\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Batch Process\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Selecting a Formulation for Latex Compounds\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Selection of Other Compounding Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Continuous Process for Latex Foam Production\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Talalay Process\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Trouble Shooting in Latex Foam Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Testing\u003cbr\u003e9.5.1 Compression Set\u003cbr\u003e9.5.2 Indentation Hardness\u003cbr\u003e9.5.3 Flexing Resistance\u003cbr\u003e9.5.4 Density\u003cbr\u003e9.5.5 Metallic Impurities\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Important Uses of Latex Foam\u003cbr\u003e9.6.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e9.6.2 Furniture\u003cbr\u003e9.6.3 Special Uses\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Microcellular Foams (Vipin Kumar, University of Washington \u0026amp; Krishna Nadella, University of Washington)\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Processing of Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 The Solid-State Batch Process\u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 The Semi-Continuous Process\u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Extrusion and other Processing Methods\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Properties of Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Current Research Directions\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Microcellular Materials for Construction\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Open-Cell (Porous) Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Sub-Micron Foams and Nanofoams\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Commercial Opportunities\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDavid Eaves studied polymer chemistry at the University in Birmingham and completed his doctorate in 1958. He then joined Dunlop in their Central Research and Development Laboratories in Birmingham, later going out to Ireland (Cork) and Japan (Kobe) to establish and manage overseas satellite research centres. In 1984 he left Dunlop and joined BP Chemicals' polyethylene foam operation in Croydon as Technical Manager. He was part of the management buy-out team in 1992 when the company was renamed 'Zotefoams', and retired in 1998 as Technical Director. He has published many papers on aspects of polymer and polymer foam technology and is the author of the Rapra report 'Polymer Foams: Trends in Use and Technology.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:18-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:19-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2004","aerospace","automotive","blends","blowing agents","book","construction","fire","foams","food","furnishing","hydrocarbons","inert gases","insulation","molding","moulding","p-structural","packaging","polymer","polymers","polystyrene","properties","recycling","structure","toys"],"price":19000,"price_min":19000,"price_max":19000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378350212,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Foams","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":19000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-388-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-388-4.jpg?v=1499442663"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-388-4.jpg?v=1499442663","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":355732226141,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.701,"height":499,"width":350,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-388-4.jpg?v=1499442663"},"aspect_ratio":0.701,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-388-4.jpg?v=1499442663","width":350}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: David Eaves \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-388-6 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 274\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe use of polymer foams is extremely widespread. Indeed, it is hard to think of any industries where polymer foams do not have a part to play. They can be found for example in sports and leisure products, in military applications, in vehicles, in aircraft, and in the home. Most people will encounter polymer foams every day in one form or another, whether it be in furniture, in packaging, in their car, in refrigerator insulation, or in some other common application. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlthough naturally occurring polymer foams have been known for a long time, (e.g., sponges, cork), synthetic polymer foams have only been introduced to the market over the last fifty years or so. The development of a new polymer has usually been quickly followed by its production in an expanded or foam form owing to the unique and useful properties, which can be realised in the expanded state. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Handbook reviews the chemistry, manufacturing methods, properties and applications of the synthetic polymer foams used in most applications. In addition, a chapter is included on the fundamental principles, which apply to all polymer foams. There is also a chapter on the blowing agents used to expand polymers, blowing agents having undergone considerable change and development in recent years in order to meet the requirements of the Montreal Protocol in relation to the reduction and elimination of chloroflurocarbons (CFC) and other ozone depleting agents. A chapter is also included on microcellular foams - a relatively new development where applications are still being explored. Most chapters have references to facilitate further exploration of the topics. The chapters are all written by experts in the field. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book will be of interest to those just embarking upon an exploration of the subject of foams, whether in industry or academia. But this will be equally useful to those already working in the field, who need to know about different types of foam.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 Foam Fundamentals (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e1.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Foam Structure\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Foam Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.1 Compression Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.2 Energy Absorption Properties\u003cbr\u003e1.3.3 Thermal Properties\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Blowing Agents (Sachida Singh, Huntsman Polyurethanes)\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Selection Criteria for Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 Halogenated Hydrocarbons\u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Hydrocarbons (HC)\u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Inert Gases\u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Other Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.6 Blends of Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.7 Encapsulated Physical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.2.8 Physical Blowing Agent by Foam Type and Application\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Chemical Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Selection Criteria for Chemical Blowing Agent\u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Exothermic CBA\u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Endothermic CBA\u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Endo\/Exo Blends\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Expanded Polystyrene: Development, Processing, Applications and Key Issues (Andrew Barnetson, BPF)\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.1.1 Development of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Manufacture of Expanded Polystyrene Mouldings\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Applications for Expanded Polystyrene Packaging\u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Construction\u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Other Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Novel Applications\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Properties of EPS\u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Mechanical Performance\u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Thermal Insulation\u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 Chemical Properties\u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Recent Research on Properties of EPS: Value for Fruit and Vegetables\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Global Structure of Markets and Companies\u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Europe\u003cbr\u003e3.5.2 Asia\u003cbr\u003e3.5.3 USA\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Key Issues Facing the EPS Industry\u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Fire\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Alternatives to Mechanical Recycling\u003cbr\u003eFurther Information \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Rigid Polyurethane Foams (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Materials\u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 Polyols\u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Isocyanates\u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Other Additives\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Manufacturing Processes for Rigid Polyurethane Foam\u003cbr\u003e4.4 Recycling Processes for Rigid Polyurethane Foam\u003cbr\u003e4.5 Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams\u003cbr\u003e4.6 Applications\u003cbr\u003e4.6.1 Applications in Construction\u003cbr\u003e4.6.2 Applications in the Appliance Industry\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Flexible Polyurethane Foam (Tyler Housel, Inolex Chemical Company)\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Chemistry\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Starting Materials\u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Isocyanate\u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Polyol\u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Water\u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Surfactant\u003cbr\u003e5.3.5 Catalyst\u003cbr\u003e5.3.6 Colorants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.7 Antioxidants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.8 Light Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e5.3.9 Flame Retardants\u003cbr\u003e5.3.10 Adhesion Promoters\u003cbr\u003e5.3.11 Other Additives\u003cbr\u003e5.4 The Foaming Process\u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Raw Material Conditioning\u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Mixing\u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 Growth\u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Cell Opening\u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Cure\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Manufacturing Equipment\u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Storage and Delivery\u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Mixing\u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Foam Rise and Cure\u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Innovations\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Foam Characterisation\u003cbr\u003e5.6.1 Density\u003cbr\u003e5.6.2 Hardness\u003cbr\u003e5.6.3 Resilience\u003cbr\u003e5.6.4 Porosity\u003cbr\u003e5.6.5 Strength Properties\u003cbr\u003e5.6.6 Cell Structure\u003cbr\u003e5.6.7 Environmental Stability\u003cbr\u003e5.6.8 Fatigue\u003cbr\u003e5.6.9 Compression Set\u003cbr\u003e5.6.10 Flammability\u003cbr\u003e5.7 FPF Markets\u003cbr\u003e5.7.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e5.7.2 Comfort\u003cbr\u003e5.7.3 Carpet Cushion\u003cbr\u003e5.7.4 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e5.7.5 Specialty Applications\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Environmental Issues\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Organisations\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Rigid PVC Foam (Noreen Thomas, University of Loughborough)\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Foam Extrusion\u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Basic Principles\u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Extrusion Processes\u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Effect of Processing Conditions\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Foam Formulation Technology\u003cbr\u003e6.3.1 Blowing Agents\u003cbr\u003e6.3.2 Processing Aids\u003cbr\u003e6.3.3 Type of PVC\u003cbr\u003e6.3.4 Stabilisers\u003cbr\u003e6.3.5 Lubricants\u003cbr\u003e6.3.6 Typical Formulations\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Properties\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Novel Processes and Applications\u003cbr\u003e6.5.1 Recycling\u003cbr\u003e6.5.2 Microcellular Foam\u003cbr\u003e6.5.3 Foamed Composites\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Flexible PVC Foams (Chris Howick, EVC)\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Flexible Foam Types and PVC Types\u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Flexible Foams Based on Suspension PVC\u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Flexible Foams Based on Dispersion or Paste Resins\u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Chemically Blown Foams from PVC Plastisols: Fundamentals\u003cbr\u003e7.2.4 PVC Resins used in Plastisol Foam Formation\u003cbr\u003e7.2.5 Mineral Fillers\u003cbr\u003e7.2.6 Pigments\u003cbr\u003e7.2.7 Liquid Plasticiser\u003cbr\u003e7.2.8 Blowing Agent Type and Level\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Products Utilising Foamed Plastisols\u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Floorings and Carpet Backings\u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Wallcoverings\u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Synthetic Leather\u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 General Foams\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Polyolefin Foams (David Eaves, Independent Consultant)\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Manufacturing Processes and Materials\u003cbr\u003e8.2.1 Extruded Non-Crosslinked Foam\u003cbr\u003e8.2.2 Expanded (Non-Crosslinked) Polyolefin Beads\u003cbr\u003e8.2.3 Extruded Crosslinked Foam - Processes\u003cbr\u003e8.2.4 Press Moulded Crosslinked Foam Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.5 Injection Moulded Foam Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.6 The Nitrogen Autoclave Process\u003cbr\u003e8.2.7 Recycling Processes\u003cbr\u003e8.2.8 Post Manufacturing Operations\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Properties of Polyolefin Foams\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Applications\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Foam Specifications\u003cbr\u003e8.5.1 Packaging\u003cbr\u003e8.5.2 Automotive\u003cbr\u003e8.5.3 Furnishings\u003cbr\u003e8.5.4 Buoyancy\u003cbr\u003e8.5.5 Aerospace\u003cbr\u003e8.5.6 Construction\u003cbr\u003e8.5.7 Toys\u003cbr\u003e8.5.8 Food contact\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Markets\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Latex Foam (Rani Joseph, Cochin University)\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Dunlop Process\u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Batch Process\u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Selecting a Formulation for Latex Compounds\u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Selection of Other Compounding Ingredients\u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Continuous Process for Latex Foam Production\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Talalay Process\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Trouble Shooting in Latex Foam Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Testing\u003cbr\u003e9.5.1 Compression Set\u003cbr\u003e9.5.2 Indentation Hardness\u003cbr\u003e9.5.3 Flexing Resistance\u003cbr\u003e9.5.4 Density\u003cbr\u003e9.5.5 Metallic Impurities\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Important Uses of Latex Foam\u003cbr\u003e9.6.1 Transportation\u003cbr\u003e9.6.2 Furniture\u003cbr\u003e9.6.3 Special Uses\u003cbr\u003eReferences \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Microcellular Foams (Vipin Kumar, University of Washington \u0026amp; Krishna Nadella, University of Washington)\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Processing of Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 The Solid-State Batch Process\u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 The Semi-Continuous Process\u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Extrusion and other Processing Methods\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Properties of Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Current Research Directions\u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Microcellular Materials for Construction\u003cbr\u003e11.4.2 Open-Cell (Porous) Microcellular Foams\u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Sub-Micron Foams and Nanofoams\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Commercial Opportunities\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nDavid Eaves studied polymer chemistry at the University in Birmingham and completed his doctorate in 1958. He then joined Dunlop in their Central Research and Development Laboratories in Birmingham, later going out to Ireland (Cork) and Japan (Kobe) to establish and manage overseas satellite research centres. In 1984 he left Dunlop and joined BP Chemicals' polyethylene foam operation in Croydon as Technical Manager. He was part of the management buy-out team in 1992 when the company was renamed 'Zotefoams', and retired in 1998 as Technical Director. He has published many papers on aspects of polymer and polymer foam technology and is the author of the Rapra report 'Polymer Foams: Trends in Use and Technology."}
Handbook of Polymer Pr...
$295.00
{"id":7703524278429,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives","handle":"handbook-of-polymer-processing-additives","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-010-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEdition: 1st\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePublished Jan. 2023\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 120+iv\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables 12\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures 36\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHardcover\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe handbook and the databook series include separate books on many commonly used additives, such as Antiblocking Agents, Antioxidants, Biocides, Flame Retardants, Nucleating Agents, Plasticizers, Solvents, UV Stabilizers, and many others. This Handbook contains a selection of minor additives used in the processing of polymeric and other materials, such as acid scavengers, air release, anticaking, antifoaming, antifreezing, antigassing, antigelling, defoaming, antisettling additives, hydrolysis stabilizers, moisture scavengers, and reprocessing aids. They are all very important additives, although less documented in the literature. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInformation on the use of these additives in various products is divided into the following sections: Methods and mechanisms of additives use, Types and concentrations, Application data that emphasize reasons for their use, advantages and disadvantages of additive use, effect on product properties, and properties of final products.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe above-listed additives are most frequently used in PVC resins, including rigid, flexible, and paste resin, PVC copolymers, other vinyl resins, and mixtures with other polymers, polyolefins (PE and PP), and their copolymers (e.g., EVA, EPDM), polystyrene and various styrene copolymers, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluoroelastomers, fluorinated rubbers, and fluoropolymers, polyesters (PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT, unsaturated polyesters, and TPE), polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylates, and their various copolymers, alkyds, polyoxymethylene, epoxy, melamine, and phenolic resins, cellulosic polymers (e.g., nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate), rubbers (butyl, chlorinated rubber, styrene-butadiene, chlorobutyl, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, nitrile, silicone, and polychloroprene), starch-based resins, and many others not mentioned by name.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMany products and industries require these additives, including construction, automotive, aeronautic, electronic industries, glass coating, insulating glass manufacture, mineral wool insulation, adhesives, sealants and gaskets, cable and wire industry, paints, primers, and coatings, wind turbines, 3D printing, shoe industry, pneumatic pipe, film, conveyor belts, elevator wheel, home appliances, building decorative boards, shopping bags, agricultural film, food containers, toys and stationery, membranes, leather and coated fabrics, roof coatings, asphaltic felt, modified bitumen and single plies, printing with gravure and flexo on paper and vinyl wall coverings, foams, cast parts, cleaners, printing inks and toners, agrochemicals, cosmetics, and many others not mentioned by name. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe above (incomplete) list of polymers and products, which use discussed in this book additives, shows how important they are for polymer processing and the production of many other products. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eA complete analysis of literature and patents is included in this book. The book considers all essential aspects of chemistry, physical properties, influence on properties of final products, formulations, methods of incorporation, analysis, and effects on health and the environment. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHandbook of Polymer Processing Additives is a highly practical resource, covering the use and application of many processing additives. It assists engineers and scientists in the polymer industry in their applications and provides a reference book for those involved in research and development support. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThis book is an excellent companion to the Databook of Polymer Processing Additives because the data in the Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives do not repeat information, but Handbook gives a broader background for the selection of the additives, their performance mechanisms, and many essential application properties.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe combination of data and comprehensive analysis of the performance of these materials form a particularly important source of information for industry, research, academia, and legislature. These two books should be considered by any industrial, university, governmental, and public library because of the widespread applications of these additives in industry and everyday life.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2023-02-24T13:51:24-05:00","created_at":"2023-02-24T12:52:56-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2023","biodegradation","blends","book","chemical resistance","commercial polymers","environmental impact","flammability","material","mechanical and rheological properties","monomers","physical properties","polymeric materials","polymerization","processing","processing methods","structure","structures","synthesis","toxicity","weather stability"],"price":29500,"price_min":29500,"price_max":29500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43393827995805,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":29500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670101-Case.png?v=1677264569"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670101-Case.png?v=1677264569","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":27339963367581,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670101-Case.png?v=1677264569"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781774670101-Case.png?v=1677264569","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-010-1 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEdition: 1st\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePublished Jan. 2023\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 120+iv\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables 12\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures 36\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHardcover\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nThe handbook and the databook series include separate books on many commonly used additives, such as Antiblocking Agents, Antioxidants, Biocides, Flame Retardants, Nucleating Agents, Plasticizers, Solvents, UV Stabilizers, and many others. This Handbook contains a selection of minor additives used in the processing of polymeric and other materials, such as acid scavengers, air release, anticaking, antifoaming, antifreezing, antigassing, antigelling, defoaming, antisettling additives, hydrolysis stabilizers, moisture scavengers, and reprocessing aids. They are all very important additives, although less documented in the literature. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eInformation on the use of these additives in various products is divided into the following sections: Methods and mechanisms of additives use, Types and concentrations, Application data that emphasize reasons for their use, advantages and disadvantages of additive use, effect on product properties, and properties of final products.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe above-listed additives are most frequently used in PVC resins, including rigid, flexible, and paste resin, PVC copolymers, other vinyl resins, and mixtures with other polymers, polyolefins (PE and PP), and their copolymers (e.g., EVA, EPDM), polystyrene and various styrene copolymers, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluoroelastomers, fluorinated rubbers, and fluoropolymers, polyesters (PBT, PET, PLA, PBAT, unsaturated polyesters, and TPE), polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylates, and their various copolymers, alkyds, polyoxymethylene, epoxy, melamine, and phenolic resins, cellulosic polymers (e.g., nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate), rubbers (butyl, chlorinated rubber, styrene-butadiene, chlorobutyl, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, nitrile, silicone, and polychloroprene), starch-based resins, and many others not mentioned by name.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eMany products and industries require these additives, including construction, automotive, aeronautic, electronic industries, glass coating, insulating glass manufacture, mineral wool insulation, adhesives, sealants and gaskets, cable and wire industry, paints, primers, and coatings, wind turbines, 3D printing, shoe industry, pneumatic pipe, film, conveyor belts, elevator wheel, home appliances, building decorative boards, shopping bags, agricultural film, food containers, toys and stationery, membranes, leather and coated fabrics, roof coatings, asphaltic felt, modified bitumen and single plies, printing with gravure and flexo on paper and vinyl wall coverings, foams, cast parts, cleaners, printing inks and toners, agrochemicals, cosmetics, and many others not mentioned by name. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe above (incomplete) list of polymers and products, which use discussed in this book additives, shows how important they are for polymer processing and the production of many other products. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eA complete analysis of literature and patents is included in this book. The book considers all essential aspects of chemistry, physical properties, influence on properties of final products, formulations, methods of incorporation, analysis, and effects on health and the environment. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eHandbook of Polymer Processing Additives is a highly practical resource, covering the use and application of many processing additives. It assists engineers and scientists in the polymer industry in their applications and provides a reference book for those involved in research and development support. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThis book is an excellent companion to the Databook of Polymer Processing Additives because the data in the Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives do not repeat information, but Handbook gives a broader background for the selection of the additives, their performance mechanisms, and many essential application properties.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe combination of data and comprehensive analysis of the performance of these materials form a particularly important source of information for industry, research, academia, and legislature. These two books should be considered by any industrial, university, governmental, and public library because of the widespread applications of these additives in industry and everyday life.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Handbook of Polymer Te...
$144.00
{"id":11242227204,"title":"Handbook of Polymer Testing - Short-Term Mechanical Tests","handle":"978-1-85957-324-2","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-324-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 208\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nKnowledge of the properties of plastics is essential for designing products, specifying the material to be used, carrying out quality control on finished products, failure analysis and for understanding the structure and behaviour of new materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEach class of materials has its own specific test procedures, which have developed as the material has evolved. This book concentrates on one area of testing – short-term mechanical tests. These are defined as tests of mechanical properties where the effects of long periods of time and cycling are ignored. This group of tests includes hardness, tensile, compression, shear, flexing, impact, and tear and in this book, it is also taken to include density and dimensional measurement together with test piece preparation and conditioning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe topics covered in this book, include:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003eReasons for Testing, Source, and Condition of Test Pieces, Test Conditions, Limitations of Results, Sampling, Standards, Quality Control of Testing, Test Equipment, Product Testing, and Modes of Stressing. \u003cbr\u003e2. Test Piece Preparation\u003cbr\u003eMixing, Moulding, Stamping from Sheet or Film, and Machining. \u003cbr\u003e3. Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eStorage, Conditioning, Heat Treatment, Mechanical Conditioning, Test Conditions, and Apparatus for Conditioning. \u003cbr\u003e4. Mass, Density, and Dimensions\u003cbr\u003eMeasurement of Mass, of Density, and of Dimensions. \u003cbr\u003e5. Hardness\u003cbr\u003eRelationships, Standard Methods, and Other Methods. \u003cbr\u003e6. Tensile Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Test Methods. \u003cbr\u003e7. Compression Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eTest Apparatus, Standard, and Other Tests. \u003cbr\u003e8. Shear Properties\u003cbr\u003eStandard, and Other Tests. \u003cbr\u003e9. Flexural Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Test Methods. \u003cbr\u003e10. Impact Strength\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Specific Tests. \u003cbr\u003e11. Tear Properties\u003cbr\u003eTest Piece Geometry, Standard, and Other Tests \u003cbr\u003e12. Fracture Toughness\u003cbr\u003eStandard, and Other Methods. \u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to all those who are already involved in the testing of polymers and it is an ideal guide to those just starting out in the field, whether in academia or industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan face=\"verdana,geneva\" size=\"1\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Scope \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Reasons for Testing \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Source and Condition of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Test Conditions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Limitations of Results \u003cbr\u003e1.6 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e1.7 Standards \u003cbr\u003e1.8 Quality Control of Testing 1.9 Test Equipment \u003cbr\u003e1.10 Product Testing \u003cbr\u003e1.11 Modes of Stressing References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Test Piece Preparation \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Mixing \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Moulding \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Stamping from Sheet or Film \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Machining References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Heat Treatment 3.5 Mechanical Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Test Conditions \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Apparatus for Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Air-Conditioned Rooms \u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Enclosures\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan face=\"verdana,geneva\" size=\"1\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e3.6.3 Hygrometers \u003cbr\u003e3.6.4 Thermometers \u003cbr\u003e3.6.5 Apparatus for Elevated and Sub-Ambient Temperature References Appendix A – Tables of Thermal Equilibrium Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Mass, Density, and Dimensions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Measurement of Mass \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Measurement of Density \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Measurement of Dimensions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 General \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 ‘Standard’ Laboratory Procedures \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Other Procedures \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Surface Roughness \u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Extensometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.6 Dimensional Stability \u003cbr\u003e4.4.7 Dispersion References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Relationships \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Shore Durometer \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Ball Indentation \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Rockwell \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Softness 5.3.5 Barcol Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Other Methods References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Tensile Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Greater than the Failure Stress \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Lower than the Failure Stress \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Tough Materials with the same Yield and Failure Stress\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Brittle Materials \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Test Methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Procedure References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Compression Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Shear Properties \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Flexural Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e9.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Test Methods \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Procedure References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Impact Strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Modes of Failure\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Factors Affecting the Impact Strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Specific Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Pendulum Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Drop Methods References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Tear Properties \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Test Piece Geometry \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Fracture Toughness \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Other Methods References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is an internationally acknowledged expert on physical testing and quality assurance of polymers. He has published more than 70 technical papers and three standard textbooks on testing. In addition, he is editor of the journal Polymer Testing and co-editor of the newsletter The Test Report. He has over 25 years experience of running the testing laboratories and services at Rapra. Roger is active on many Standards committees.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:04-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:14:04-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","book","compression","density","flexing","hardness","impact","mass","mixing","molding","moulding","p-testing","plastics","poly","properties","quality control","shear","stamping","stress-strain","tear","tensile","testing"],"price":14400,"price_min":14400,"price_max":14400,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378394372,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymer Testing - Short-Term Mechanical Tests","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14400,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-324-2","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-324-2.jpg?v=1499471522"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-324-2.jpg?v=1499471522","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356335976541,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.701,"height":499,"width":350,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-324-2.jpg?v=1499471522"},"aspect_ratio":0.701,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-324-2.jpg?v=1499471522","width":350}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: R. Brown \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-324-2 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages 208\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nKnowledge of the properties of plastics is essential for designing products, specifying the material to be used, carrying out quality control on finished products, failure analysis and for understanding the structure and behaviour of new materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEach class of materials has its own specific test procedures, which have developed as the material has evolved. This book concentrates on one area of testing – short-term mechanical tests. These are defined as tests of mechanical properties where the effects of long periods of time and cycling are ignored. This group of tests includes hardness, tensile, compression, shear, flexing, impact, and tear and in this book, it is also taken to include density and dimensional measurement together with test piece preparation and conditioning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe topics covered in this book, include:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003e1. Introduction\u003cbr\u003eReasons for Testing, Source, and Condition of Test Pieces, Test Conditions, Limitations of Results, Sampling, Standards, Quality Control of Testing, Test Equipment, Product Testing, and Modes of Stressing. \u003cbr\u003e2. Test Piece Preparation\u003cbr\u003eMixing, Moulding, Stamping from Sheet or Film, and Machining. \u003cbr\u003e3. Conditioning\u003cbr\u003eStorage, Conditioning, Heat Treatment, Mechanical Conditioning, Test Conditions, and Apparatus for Conditioning. \u003cbr\u003e4. Mass, Density, and Dimensions\u003cbr\u003eMeasurement of Mass, of Density, and of Dimensions. \u003cbr\u003e5. Hardness\u003cbr\u003eRelationships, Standard Methods, and Other Methods. \u003cbr\u003e6. Tensile Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Test Methods. \u003cbr\u003e7. Compression Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eTest Apparatus, Standard, and Other Tests. \u003cbr\u003e8. Shear Properties\u003cbr\u003eStandard, and Other Tests. \u003cbr\u003e9. Flexural Stress-Strain\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Test Methods. \u003cbr\u003e10. Impact Strength\u003cbr\u003eGeneral, and Specific Tests. \u003cbr\u003e11. Tear Properties\u003cbr\u003eTest Piece Geometry, Standard, and Other Tests \u003cbr\u003e12. Fracture Toughness\u003cbr\u003eStandard, and Other Methods. \u003cbr\u003eThis book will be useful to all those who are already involved in the testing of polymers and it is an ideal guide to those just starting out in the field, whether in academia or industry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan face=\"verdana,geneva\" size=\"1\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e1.1 Scope \u003cbr\u003e1.2 Reasons for Testing \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Source and Condition of Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e1.3 Test Conditions \u003cbr\u003e1.4 Limitations of Results \u003cbr\u003e1.6 Sampling \u003cbr\u003e1.7 Standards \u003cbr\u003e1.8 Quality Control of Testing 1.9 Test Equipment \u003cbr\u003e1.10 Product Testing \u003cbr\u003e1.11 Modes of Stressing References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2 Test Piece Preparation \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Mixing \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Moulding \u003cbr\u003e2.4 Stamping from Sheet or Film \u003cbr\u003e2.5 Machining References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Storage \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Heat Treatment 3.5 Mechanical Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.5.1 Test Conditions \u003cbr\u003e3.6 Apparatus for Conditioning \u003cbr\u003e3.6.1 Air-Conditioned Rooms \u003cbr\u003e3.6.2 Enclosures\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan face=\"verdana,geneva\" size=\"1\" style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e3.6.3 Hygrometers \u003cbr\u003e3.6.4 Thermometers \u003cbr\u003e3.6.5 Apparatus for Elevated and Sub-Ambient Temperature References Appendix A – Tables of Thermal Equilibrium Times \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4 Mass, Density, and Dimensions \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Measurement of Mass \u003cbr\u003e4.3 Measurement of Density \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Measurement of Dimensions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 General \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 ‘Standard’ Laboratory Procedures \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Other Procedures \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Surface Roughness \u003cbr\u003e4.4.5 Extensometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.6 Dimensional Stability \u003cbr\u003e4.4.7 Dispersion References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Relationships \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e5.3.1 Shore Durometer \u003cbr\u003e5.3.2 Ball Indentation \u003cbr\u003e5.3.3 Rockwell \u003cbr\u003e5.3.4 Softness 5.3.5 Barcol Hardness \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Other Methods References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6 Tensile Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e6.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Greater than the Failure Stress \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Tough Materials with a Yield Stress Lower than the Failure Stress \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Tough Materials with the same Yield and Failure Stress\u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Brittle Materials \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Test Methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.1 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e6.2.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e6.2.3 Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e6.2.4 Procedure References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7 Compression Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8 Shear Properties \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 Flexural Stress-Strain \u003cbr\u003e9.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Test Methods \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Test Apparatus \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Test Pieces \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Procedure References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 Impact Strength \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General Considerations \u003cbr\u003e10.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.1.2 Modes of Failure\u003cbr\u003e10.1.3 Factors Affecting the Impact Strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Specific Tests \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Pendulum Methods \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Drop Methods References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 Tear Properties \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Test Piece Geometry \u003cbr\u003e11.3 Standard Tests \u003cbr\u003e11.4 Other Tests References \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12 Fracture Toughness \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Standard Methods \u003cbr\u003e12.3 Other Methods References\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nRoger Brown is an internationally acknowledged expert on physical testing and quality assurance of polymers. He has published more than 70 technical papers and three standard textbooks on testing. In addition, he is editor of the journal Polymer Testing and co-editor of the newsletter The Test Report. He has over 25 years experience of running the testing laboratories and services at Rapra. Roger is active on many Standards committees."}
Handbook of Polymers
$395.00
{"id":11242220932,"title":"Handbook of Polymers","handle":"978-1-895198-47-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-47-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirst Edition\u003cbr\u003ePages 680\u003cbr\u003eFormat: 8.5 x 11 inches\u003cbr\u003eHardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all major polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry as well as specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011. This underscores one of the major goals of this undertaking, which is to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Frequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information which is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical problems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless they have been confirmed by recently conducted studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields which contain actual values are included for each individual polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RETECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photoxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize the performance of specialty polymers in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We hope that the results of our thorough search will be useful and that the data will be skillfully applied by users of this book for the benefit of their research and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data give the book which should be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"15\" width=\"61\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"527\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eABS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealkyd resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eASA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebromobutyl rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBMI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybismaleimide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybenzoxazine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate butyrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate propionate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAPh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate phthalate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarrageenan\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose butyrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarboxylated ethylene copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCHI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003echitosan\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003echlorobutyl rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarboxymethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose nitrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCOC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecyclic olefin copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene, chlorinated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCPVC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolychloroprene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene, chlorosulfonated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCTA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose triacetate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCY\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecyanoacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(diallyl phthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eE-RLPO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-triammonioethyl methacrylate chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEAMM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEBAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEBCO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-n-butyl acrylate-carbon monoxide terpolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eECTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEEAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEMA-AA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENBA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-n-butyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eepoxy resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEPDM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEPR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene propylene rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eETFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEVAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEVOH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFEP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efuran resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGEL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003egelatin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003egum tragacanth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHCP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxypropyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehigh density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxyethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHPMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxypropyl methylcellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHPMM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eisobutylene-isoprene rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLCP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eliquid crystalline polymers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003elow density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLLDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003elinear low density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMABS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emethylcellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emelamine-formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emelamine-phenolic resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNBR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eacrylonitrile-butadiene elastomer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-4,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-4,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-4,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-4,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,66\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,66\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6I\/6T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-11\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-11\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAAm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacrylamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacetylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eacrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyanhydride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(amide imide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePalg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealginic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacrylonitrile\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePANI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyaniline\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyarylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePARA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide MXD6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1,2-polybutylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-benzamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBD,cis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecis\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003e-1,4-polybutadiene\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBD,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybenzimidazole\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybutylmethacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butylene 2,6-naphthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolycarbonate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(e-caprolactone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(cyclohexylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCTG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePDMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolydimethylsiloxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePDS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolydioxanone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ester carbonate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEDOT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetheretherketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ether imide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetherketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEKK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetherketoneketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene oxide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ether sulfone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esilane-crosslinkable polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ephenol-formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluoroalkoxy resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluorinated ionomer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluoropolyether\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePGA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(glycolic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHEMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(3-hydroxybutyrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyhydridosilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyimide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyisobutylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIP,cis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecis\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003e-polyisoprene\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIP,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePLA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(lactic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methacrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethacrylonitrile\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMFS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylmethacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylpentene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMPS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylphenylsilylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-methylstyrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylsilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolynorbornene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePOE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003every highly branched polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePOM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyoxymethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP,iso\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene, isotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP,syndio\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphthalamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene glycol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene, maleic anhydride modified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(phenylene oxide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(1,4-phenylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-phenylene sulfide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphenylsilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPSU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(phenylene sulfone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(propylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPTA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPTI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(1,4-phenylene vinylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-xylylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypyrrole\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproteins\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS,iso\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene, isotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene, syndiotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysilylenemethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-a-methylstyrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysulfide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysulfone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolytetrafluoroethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE-AF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTMG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(tetramethylene glycol)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(trimethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyurethane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl acetate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl butyrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVCA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinylidene chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinylidene fluoride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDF-HFP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl fluoride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(N-vinyl carbazole)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVME\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl methyl ether)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVOH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl alcohol)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphosphazene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-butadiene block copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-butadiene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSEBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSIS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSMAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eST\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estarch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTPU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ethermoplastic polyurethane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eurea formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUHMWPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eULDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eultralow density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eunsaturated polyester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003evinyl ester resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003exanthan gum\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2018-02-15T09:44:36-05:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:45-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2012","book","chemical resistance","commercial polymers","environmental impact","flammability","material","mechanical and rheological properties","physical properties","polymeric materials","processing","structure","synthesis","toxicity","weather stability"],"price":39500,"price_min":39500,"price_max":39500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378372932,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymers","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":39500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-47-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-47-8.jpg?v=1499471588"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-47-8.jpg?v=1499471588","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356336173149,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"width":387,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-47-8.jpg?v=1499471588"},"aspect_ratio":0.776,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-47-8.jpg?v=1499471588","width":387}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-47-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFirst Edition\u003cbr\u003ePages 680\u003cbr\u003eFormat: 8.5 x 11 inches\u003cbr\u003eHardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all major polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry as well as specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011. This underscores one of the major goals of this undertaking, which is to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Frequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information which is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical problems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless they have been confirmed by recently conducted studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields which contain actual values are included for each individual polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RETECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photoxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e It can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize the performance of specialty polymers in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e We hope that the results of our thorough search will be useful and that the data will be skillfully applied by users of this book for the benefit of their research and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data give the book which should be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"15\" width=\"61\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"527\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eABS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealkyd resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eASA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebromobutyl rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBMI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybismaleimide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybenzoxazine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate butyrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate propionate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAPh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose acetate phthalate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCAR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarrageenan\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose butyrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarboxylated ethylene copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCHI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003echitosan\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003echlorobutyl rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecarboxymethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose nitrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCOC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecyclic olefin copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene, chlorinated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCPVC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolychloroprene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCSP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene, chlorosulfonated\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCTA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecellulose triacetate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCY\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecyanoacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(diallyl phthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eE-RLPO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-triammonioethyl methacrylate chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEAMM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEBAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEBCO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-n-butyl acrylate-carbon monoxide terpolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eECTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEEAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEMA-AA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eENBA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-n-butyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eepoxy resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEPDM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEPR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene propylene rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eETFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEVAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEVOH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFEP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efuran resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGEL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003egelatin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003egum tragacanth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHCP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxypropyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehigh density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxyethyl cellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHPMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehydroxypropyl methylcellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHPMM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIIR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eisobutylene-isoprene rubber\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLCP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eliquid crystalline polymers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003elow density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLLDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003elinear low density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMABS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-methyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emethylcellulose\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emelamine-formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emelamine-phenolic resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNBR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eacrylonitrile-butadiene elastomer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-4,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-4,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-4,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-4,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6,66\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-6,66\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-6I\/6T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-11\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-11\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePA-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAAm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacrylamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacetylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eacrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyanhydride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(amide imide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePalg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealginic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyacrylonitrile\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePANI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyaniline\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePAR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyarylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePARA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyamide MXD6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1,2-polybutylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-benzamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBD,cis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecis\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003e-1,4-polybutadiene\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBD,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybenzimidazole\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolybutylmethacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butylene 2,6-naphthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(butylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolycarbonate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(e-caprolactone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(cyclohexylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePCTG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePDMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolydimethylsiloxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePDS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolydioxanone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ester carbonate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEDOT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetheretherketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ether imide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetherketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEKK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyetherketoneketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene oxide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePES\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ether sulfone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePET\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePEX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esilane-crosslinkable polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ephenol-formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluoroalkoxy resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluorinated ionomer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePFPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eperfluoropolyether\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePGA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(glycolic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHEMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(3-hydroxybutyrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyhydridosilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyimide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyisobutylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIP,cis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecis\u003cspan class=\"font5\"\u003e-polyisoprene\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePIP,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyketone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePLA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(lactic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methyl acrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(methacrylic acid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethacrylonitrile\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMFS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylmethacrylate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylpentene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMPS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylphenylsilylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-methylstyrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePMSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolymethylsilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolynorbornene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePOE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003every highly branched polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePOM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyoxymethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP,iso\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene, isotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePP,syndio\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphthalamide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene glycol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypropylene, maleic anhydride modified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(phenylene oxide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(1,4-phenylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-phenylene sulfide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPSQ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphenylsilsesquioxane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPSU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(phenylene sulfone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(propylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPTA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPTI\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(1,4-phenylene vinylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPX\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(p-xylylene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePPy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolypyrrole\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eproteins\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS,iso\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene, isotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePS,trans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolystyrene, syndiotactic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysilylenemethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSMS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-a-methylstyrene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysulfide\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePSU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolysulfone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolytetrafluoroethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE-AF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTMG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(tetramethylene glycol)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTT\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(trimethylene terephthalate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyurethane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl acetate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl butyrate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVCA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinylidene chloride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinylidene fluoride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVDF-HFP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl fluoride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(N-vinyl carbazole)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVME\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl methyl ether)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVOH\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(vinyl alcohol)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePVP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epolyphosphazene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSAN\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-butadiene block copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-butadiene)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSEBS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSIS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estyrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSMAA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epoly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eST\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estarch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTPU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ethermoplastic polyurethane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eurea formaldehyde resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUHMWPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eULDPE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eultralow density polyethylene\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eunsaturated polyester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003evinyl ester resin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003exanthan gum\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Handbook of Polymers f...
$425.00
{"id":8813377192093,"title":"Handbook of Polymers for Electronics, 2nd Ed","handle":"handbook-of-polymers-for-electronics-2nd-ed","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-086-6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublication: January 2026\u003cbr\u003ePages: 506+viii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003ePolymers used in electronics and electrical engineering are essential for the development of high-tech products, including applications in space, aviation, health, automotive, communication, energy harvesting, energy storage, light-emitting and sensing, flexible electronics, robotic systems, analytical sensors, consumer products, and many others.\u003cbr\u003eConductivity is the first feature that comes to mind with these polymers, but they are currently much more complex, having shape-memory, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and many other properties. Some polymers used in electronics are modifications of commodity or engineering polymers, using many specially developed additives. Typical features of mainstream polymers, such as mechanical performance, optical behavior, and environmental stability, are required by polymers used in electronics, but frequently they must be enhanced to perform in these demanding applications. In many applications, the properties of typical polymers (usually included in popular handbooks) are not sufficient, creating the need to develop special grades or simply use completely new chemistry for their synthesis. Similarly, the typical set of properties included in the description of the mainstream polymer is not sufficient for polymer selection for these applications as they require different data.\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers for Electronics come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. This underscores one of the primary goals of this undertaking: to provide readers with the most up-to-date information, which will be frequently updated in the future.\u2028\u2028The presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields that contain actual values are included for each polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u2028\u2028The data are organized into the following sections:\u2028• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RTECS number, Linear formula)\u2028• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u2028• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups, Doping, Conjugation, Ionic conductivity)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u2028• Commercial polymers (Selected manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u2028• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Electrical properties (Conductivity, Current density, Optoelectrical properties, Dielectric loss factor, Relative permittivity, Dissipation factor, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Dielectric strength, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Loss tangent, Anisotropy of electrical properties, Impedance, Shielding effect, Ferroelectric properties, Piezoelectric properties, Charge carrier mobility, Bandgap, Actuation signal, Actuation bandwidth, Solderability)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u2028• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photooxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Thermal stability (Activation energy of thermal degradation, Decomposition rate, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u2028• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u2028• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u2028• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u2028• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u2028• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u2028\u2028 The contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualify the book for the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials used in modern applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Generic polymers and their modifications for electronics\u003cbr\u003e3 ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene \u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene electronic grades\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/MWCNTs) \u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/PA6, PA66)\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/PBT)\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene GF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene SSF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (plating resin)\u003cbr\u003e4 CA Cellulose acetate\u003cbr\u003eCellulose acetate CAc\u003cbr\u003eCellulose acetate butyrate\u003cbr\u003e5 EP Epoxy resin\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - liquid\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin-based inks\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin filled (two-part and single-part)\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - single-part\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - two-parts\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin for Casting, Embedding, and Encapsulation\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - Electrically Conductive Adhesives\u003cbr\u003e6 EPDM\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e7 ETFE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) Irradiation Crosslinked\u003cbr\u003e8 EVAC\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-vinyl acetate \u003cbr\u003eEthylene-vinyl acetate \u003cbr\u003e9 FEP\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene, aqueous dispersion\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene, P\/P \u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous CTX-809A\/CTL-809M\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous CTL-107M\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymer (epitaxial co-crystallized)\u003cbr\u003e10 LCP\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, unfilled\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/carbon fiber (CF)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/glass fiber (GF)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/glass\/mineral (G\/M)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/graphite \u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/mineral reinforced(MR)\u003cbr\u003e11 PA6\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA6\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA6\u003cbr\u003e12 PA1010\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA1010\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA1010\u003cbr\u003e13 PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11 Rilsan\u003cbr\u003e14 PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\/MACMI\u003cbr\u003e15 PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\/GF\u003cbr\u003e16 PA66\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA66\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA66\u003cbr\u003e17 PA410\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\/Bio-based\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\/GR(Bio-based)\u003cbr\u003e18 PA610\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA610\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA610\u003cbr\u003e19 PAC\u003cbr\u003ePolyacetylene\u003cbr\u003ePolyacetylene in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e20 PAEK\u003cbr\u003ePolyaryletherketone\u003cbr\u003ePolyaryletherketone\u003cbr\u003e21 PANI\u003cbr\u003ePolyaniline\u003cbr\u003ePolyaniline in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e22 PBT\u003cbr\u003ePoly(butylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester alloy (PBT) unfilled\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester alloy (PBT) filled\u003cbr\u003ePoly(butylene terephthalate) alloy with PC \u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester resins based on poly(butylene terephthalate) resin\/unfilled\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester resins based on poly(butylene terephthalate) resin\/filled\u003cbr\u003e23 PC\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate PC\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate\/carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate for electronics and electrical enclosures\u003cbr\u003e24 PCTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene for electronic and electric applications\u003cbr\u003e25 PDMS\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, hydroxy-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, monovinyl-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, vinyl-modified silica Q resin\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethyldiphenylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, silicone oil, trimethylsiloxy terminated \u003cbr\u003eSilicone resin general (SR)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane), silanol terminated \u003cbr\u003eN-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane\u003cbr\u003eOctamethyltrisiloxane (Dowsil 1-2577)\u003cbr\u003e6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene electronic grade\u003cbr\u003eSR*conformal coatings\/potting\u003cbr\u003eSR*encapsulant\u003cbr\u003eSR*gel encapsulants\u003cbr\u003e26\u003cbr\u003ePEBA\u003cbr\u003ePolyether block amide\u003cbr\u003ePolyether block amide e.g. Pebax® \u003cbr\u003ePEBA in electronics and electrical engineering \u003cbr\u003e27\u003cbr\u003ePEDOT\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\/poly(styrenesulfonate) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene \u003cbr\u003ePoly(2,5-bis(4-fluoro3-hexadecyl-thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b ]-\u003cbr\u003ethiophene) \u003cbr\u003ePoly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene]\u003cbr\u003e28\u003cbr\u003ePEEK\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone \u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone pseudo-amorphous\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone semicrystalline\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone semicrystalline\u003cbr\u003e29\u003cbr\u003ePEI\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous unfilled\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/20%GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/30%GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/CF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI stainless steel fiber reinforced\u003cbr\u003e30\u003cbr\u003ePET\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol modified\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003e31\u003cbr\u003ePF\u003cbr\u003ePhenol-formaldehyde resin\u003cbr\u003ePhenolharz\u003cbr\u003e32\u003cbr\u003ePFA\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy - aqueous dispersions\u003cbr\u003ePerfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003e33\u003cbr\u003ePHEMA\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e34\u003cbr\u003ePi\u003cbr\u003ePolyimide\u003cbr\u003ePolyimide in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e35\u003cbr\u003ePMMA\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e36\u003cbr\u003ePMP\u003cbr\u003ePoly(methyl pentene)\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylpentene TPX\u003cbr\u003e37\u003cbr\u003ePOM\u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene acetal copolymer \u003cbr\u003e38\u003cbr\u003ePPA\u003cbr\u003ePolyphthalamide\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA PA6T\/66 \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA PA6T\/6I \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/66-GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/XT\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/XT-GF \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA10T\/X\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA10T\/X\/Reinforced\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA4T\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA4T-G\u003cbr\u003e39\u003cbr\u003ePPO\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene oxide)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) 5R4E PPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether)PPE\/PA\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS\/reinforced\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/TPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS\/non-reinforced\u003cbr\u003e40\u003cbr\u003ePPS\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide), glass fiber reinforced (GF)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide), linear\/branched, carbon fibers (CF)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) PPS\/carbon nanotube\u003cbr\u003e41\u003cbr\u003ePPY\u003cbr\u003ePolypyrrole\u003cbr\u003ePolypyrrole in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e42\u003cbr\u003ePS\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene in electronics and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e43\u003cbr\u003ePTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene, modified TFM™ PTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - aqueous dispersions\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - coagulated dispersions (CD)\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - granular powders (GP)\u003cbr\u003e44\u003cbr\u003ePU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin - one part\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin - two part\u003cbr\u003e45\u003cbr\u003ePVDF\u003cbr\u003ePoly(vinylidene fluoride)\u003cbr\u003ePVDF and PVDF copolymers e.g Kynar Arkema\u003cbr\u003e46\u003cbr\u003ePVC\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride rigid\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e47\u003cbr\u003ePVP\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003e48\u003cbr\u003ePX\u003cbr\u003ePoly(p-xylene) (Parylene)\u003cbr\u003e49\u003cbr\u003eSEBS\u003cbr\u003eStyrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene\u003cbr\u003eStyrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS)\u003cbr\u003e50\u003cbr\u003eTPC\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester elastomer\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPC-ET) unfilled\u003cbr\u003e51\u003cbr\u003eTPU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane TPU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane, filled\/composite\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp;amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp;amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2026-01-14T19:12:13-05:00","created_at":"2026-01-05T05:23:38-05:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2026","batteries","biosensors","book","charge transport","electrical properties","light-emitting diodes","luminescence","membranes","microactuators","molecular electronics","new","non-linear optical properties","optical properties","p-applications","photo resists","polymer","polymers","semiconducting"],"price":42500,"price_min":42500,"price_max":42500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":47531071340701,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":null,"requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymers for Electronics, 2nd Ed","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":42500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-77467-086-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670866.png?v=1768435929"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670866.png?v=1768435929","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":32624332996765,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.756,"height":450,"width":340,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670866.png?v=1768435929"},"aspect_ratio":0.756,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670866.png?v=1768435929","width":340}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-086-6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublication: January 2026\u003cbr\u003ePages: 506+viii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003ePolymers used in electronics and electrical engineering are essential for the development of high-tech products, including applications in space, aviation, health, automotive, communication, energy harvesting, energy storage, light-emitting and sensing, flexible electronics, robotic systems, analytical sensors, consumer products, and many others.\u003cbr\u003eConductivity is the first feature that comes to mind with these polymers, but they are currently much more complex, having shape-memory, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and many other properties. Some polymers used in electronics are modifications of commodity or engineering polymers, using many specially developed additives. Typical features of mainstream polymers, such as mechanical performance, optical behavior, and environmental stability, are required by polymers used in electronics, but frequently they must be enhanced to perform in these demanding applications. In many applications, the properties of typical polymers (usually included in popular handbooks) are not sufficient, creating the need to develop special grades or simply use completely new chemistry for their synthesis. Similarly, the typical set of properties included in the description of the mainstream polymer is not sufficient for polymer selection for these applications as they require different data.\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers for Electronics come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. This underscores one of the primary goals of this undertaking: to provide readers with the most up-to-date information, which will be frequently updated in the future.\u2028\u2028The presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields that contain actual values are included for each polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u2028\u2028The data are organized into the following sections:\u2028• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RTECS number, Linear formula)\u2028• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u2028• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups, Doping, Conjugation, Ionic conductivity)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u2028• Commercial polymers (Selected manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u2028• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Electrical properties (Conductivity, Current density, Optoelectrical properties, Dielectric loss factor, Relative permittivity, Dissipation factor, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Dielectric strength, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Loss tangent, Anisotropy of electrical properties, Impedance, Shielding effect, Ferroelectric properties, Piezoelectric properties, Charge carrier mobility, Bandgap, Actuation signal, Actuation bandwidth, Solderability)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u2028• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photooxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Thermal stability (Activation energy of thermal degradation, Decomposition rate, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u2028\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u2028• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u2028• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u2028• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u2028• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u2028• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u2028\u2028 The contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualify the book for the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials used in modern applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2 Generic polymers and their modifications for electronics\u003cbr\u003e3 ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene \u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene electronic grades\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/MWCNTs) \u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/PA6, PA66)\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS\/PBT)\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene GF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene SSF\u003cbr\u003eAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (plating resin)\u003cbr\u003e4 CA Cellulose acetate\u003cbr\u003eCellulose acetate CAc\u003cbr\u003eCellulose acetate butyrate\u003cbr\u003e5 EP Epoxy resin\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - liquid\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin-based inks\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin filled (two-part and single-part)\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - single-part\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - two-parts\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin for Casting, Embedding, and Encapsulation\u003cbr\u003eEpoxy resin - Electrically Conductive Adhesives\u003cbr\u003e6 EPDM\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-propylene diene terpolymer\u003cbr\u003e7 ETFE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) Irradiation Crosslinked\u003cbr\u003e8 EVAC\u003cbr\u003eEthylene-vinyl acetate \u003cbr\u003eEthylene-vinyl acetate \u003cbr\u003e9 FEP\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene, aqueous dispersion\u003cbr\u003eFluorinated ethylene propylene, P\/P \u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous CTX-809A\/CTL-809M\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymers, amorphous CTL-107M\u003cbr\u003eFluoropolymer (epitaxial co-crystallized)\u003cbr\u003e10 LCP\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, unfilled\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/carbon fiber (CF)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/glass fiber (GF)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/glass\/mineral (G\/M)\u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/graphite \u003cbr\u003eLiquid crystalline polymer, filled\/mineral reinforced(MR)\u003cbr\u003e11 PA6\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA6\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA6\u003cbr\u003e12 PA1010\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA1010\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA1010\u003cbr\u003e13 PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA11 Rilsan\u003cbr\u003e14 PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA12\/MACMI\u003cbr\u003e15 PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA46\/GF\u003cbr\u003e16 PA66\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA66\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA66\u003cbr\u003e17 PA410\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\/Bio-based\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA410\/GR(Bio-based)\u003cbr\u003e18 PA610\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA610\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PA610\u003cbr\u003e19 PAC\u003cbr\u003ePolyacetylene\u003cbr\u003ePolyacetylene in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e20 PAEK\u003cbr\u003ePolyaryletherketone\u003cbr\u003ePolyaryletherketone\u003cbr\u003e21 PANI\u003cbr\u003ePolyaniline\u003cbr\u003ePolyaniline in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e22 PBT\u003cbr\u003ePoly(butylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester alloy (PBT) unfilled\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester alloy (PBT) filled\u003cbr\u003ePoly(butylene terephthalate) alloy with PC \u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester resins based on poly(butylene terephthalate) resin\/unfilled\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester resins based on poly(butylene terephthalate) resin\/filled\u003cbr\u003e23 PC\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate PC\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate\/carbon nanotubes\u003cbr\u003ePolycarbonate for electronics and electrical enclosures\u003cbr\u003e24 PCTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolychlorotrifluoroethylene for electronic and electric applications\u003cbr\u003e25 PDMS\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, hydroxy-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, monovinyl-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, vinyl-modified silica Q resin\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethyldiphenylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl-terminated\u003cbr\u003ePolydimethylsiloxane, silicone oil, trimethylsiloxy terminated \u003cbr\u003eSilicone resin general (SR)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane), silanol terminated \u003cbr\u003eN-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane\u003cbr\u003eOctamethyltrisiloxane (Dowsil 1-2577)\u003cbr\u003e6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene electronic grade\u003cbr\u003eSR*conformal coatings\/potting\u003cbr\u003eSR*encapsulant\u003cbr\u003eSR*gel encapsulants\u003cbr\u003e26\u003cbr\u003ePEBA\u003cbr\u003ePolyether block amide\u003cbr\u003ePolyether block amide e.g. Pebax® \u003cbr\u003ePEBA in electronics and electrical engineering \u003cbr\u003e27\u003cbr\u003ePEDOT\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\/poly(styrenesulfonate) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene \u003cbr\u003ePoly(2,5-bis(4-fluoro3-hexadecyl-thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b ]-\u003cbr\u003ethiophene) \u003cbr\u003ePoly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene]\u003cbr\u003e28\u003cbr\u003ePEEK\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone \u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone pseudo-amorphous\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone semicrystalline\u003cbr\u003ePolyetheretherketone semicrystalline\u003cbr\u003e29\u003cbr\u003ePEI\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous unfilled\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/20%GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/30%GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI amorphous filled\/CF\u003cbr\u003ePolyetherimide PEI stainless steel fiber reinforced\u003cbr\u003e30\u003cbr\u003ePET\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol modified\u003cbr\u003ePoly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)\u003cbr\u003e31\u003cbr\u003ePF\u003cbr\u003ePhenol-formaldehyde resin\u003cbr\u003ePhenolharz\u003cbr\u003e32\u003cbr\u003ePFA\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003ePolyfluoroalkoxy - aqueous dispersions\u003cbr\u003ePerfluoroalkoxy\u003cbr\u003e33\u003cbr\u003ePHEMA\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)\u003cbr\u003e34\u003cbr\u003ePi\u003cbr\u003ePolyimide\u003cbr\u003ePolyimide in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e35\u003cbr\u003ePMMA\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylmethacrylate in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e36\u003cbr\u003ePMP\u003cbr\u003ePoly(methyl pentene)\u003cbr\u003ePolymethylpentene TPX\u003cbr\u003e37\u003cbr\u003ePOM\u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene \u003cbr\u003ePolyoxymethylene acetal copolymer \u003cbr\u003e38\u003cbr\u003ePPA\u003cbr\u003ePolyphthalamide\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA PA6T\/66 \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA PA6T\/6I \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/66-GF\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/XT\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA6T\/XT-GF \u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA10T\/X\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA10T\/X\/Reinforced\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA4T\u003cbr\u003ePolyamide PPA\/PA4T-G\u003cbr\u003e39\u003cbr\u003ePPO\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene oxide)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) 5R4E PPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether)PPE\/PA\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS\/reinforced\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/TPE\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene ether) PPE\/PS\/non-reinforced\u003cbr\u003e40\u003cbr\u003ePPS\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) \u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide), glass fiber reinforced (GF)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide), linear\/branched, carbon fibers (CF)\u003cbr\u003ePoly(phenylene sulfide) PPS\/carbon nanotube\u003cbr\u003e41\u003cbr\u003ePPY\u003cbr\u003ePolypyrrole\u003cbr\u003ePolypyrrole in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e42\u003cbr\u003ePS\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene\u003cbr\u003ePolystyrene in electronics and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e43\u003cbr\u003ePTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene, modified TFM™ PTFE\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - aqueous dispersions\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - coagulated dispersions (CD)\u003cbr\u003ePolytetrafluoroethylene - granular powders (GP)\u003cbr\u003e44\u003cbr\u003ePU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin - one part\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane resin - two part\u003cbr\u003e45\u003cbr\u003ePVDF\u003cbr\u003ePoly(vinylidene fluoride)\u003cbr\u003ePVDF and PVDF copolymers e.g Kynar Arkema\u003cbr\u003e46\u003cbr\u003ePVC\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride rigid\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylchloride in electronic and electrical applications\u003cbr\u003e47\u003cbr\u003ePVP\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003ePolyvinylpyrrolidone\u003cbr\u003e48\u003cbr\u003ePX\u003cbr\u003ePoly(p-xylene) (Parylene)\u003cbr\u003e49\u003cbr\u003eSEBS\u003cbr\u003eStyrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene\u003cbr\u003eStyrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS)\u003cbr\u003e50\u003cbr\u003eTPC\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester elastomer\u003cbr\u003eThermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPC-ET) unfilled\u003cbr\u003e51\u003cbr\u003eTPU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane TPU\u003cbr\u003ePolyurethane, filled\/composite\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp;amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp;amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Handbook of Polymers i...
$270.00
{"id":11242211716,"title":"Handbook of Polymers in Electronics","handle":"978-1-85957-286-3","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: B.D. Malhotra \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-286-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 474\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nWith the continuing drive for higher circuit density and very high-speed data processing, the search for new polymeric materials to use in microelectronics has intensified. The development of polymers for electronics applications is an open field wherein polymers may be used as insulating materials or tailored for desired electronic properties for specific applications. Conjugated polymers have been projected to have numerous applications and are presently at centre-stage of R\u0026amp;D. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Handbook of Polymers in Electronics has been designed to discuss the novel ways in which polymers can be used in the rapidly growing electronics industry. It provides a discussion of the preparation and characterisation of suitable polymeric materials and their current and potential applications coupled with the fundamentals of electrical, optical and photophysical properties. It will thus serve the needs of those already active in the electronics field as well as new entrants to the industry. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers \u003cbr\u003e2. Electrical Properties of Doped Conjugated Polymers \u003cbr\u003e3. Non Linear Optical Properties of Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e4. Luminescence Studies of Polymers \u003cbr\u003e5. Polymers for Light Emitting Diodes \u003cbr\u003e6. Photopolymers and Photoresists for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e7. Polymer Batteries for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e8. Polymer Microactuators \u003cbr\u003e9. Membranes for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e10. Conducting Polymer-Based Biosensors \u003cbr\u003e11. Nanoparticle-Dispersed Semiconducting Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e12. Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e13. Conducting Polymers in Molecular Electronics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBansi Dhar Malhotra is Scientist-in-Charge at the Biomolecular Electronics \u0026amp; Conducting Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India. He is presently engaged in an R\u0026amp;D programme on conducting polymers, biosensors, Langmuir Blodgett films and molecular electronics. He is the author of more than 50 research papers and has been invited to speak at many international conferences.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:13-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:13-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2002","batteries","biosensors","book","charge transport","electrical properties","light-emitting diodes","luminescence","membranes","microactuators","molecular electronics","non-linear optical properties","optical properties","p-applications","photo resists","polymer","polymers","semiconducting"],"price":27000,"price_min":27000,"price_max":27000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378337348,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymers in Electronics","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":27000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-85957-286-3","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-286-3.jpg?v=1499471738"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-286-3.jpg?v=1499471738","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356336336989,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.769,"height":182,"width":140,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-286-3.jpg?v=1499471738"},"aspect_ratio":0.769,"height":182,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-85957-286-3.jpg?v=1499471738","width":140}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: B.D. Malhotra \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-85957-286-3 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003epages: 474\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nWith the continuing drive for higher circuit density and very high-speed data processing, the search for new polymeric materials to use in microelectronics has intensified. The development of polymers for electronics applications is an open field wherein polymers may be used as insulating materials or tailored for desired electronic properties for specific applications. Conjugated polymers have been projected to have numerous applications and are presently at centre-stage of R\u0026amp;D. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Handbook of Polymers in Electronics has been designed to discuss the novel ways in which polymers can be used in the rapidly growing electronics industry. It provides a discussion of the preparation and characterisation of suitable polymeric materials and their current and potential applications coupled with the fundamentals of electrical, optical and photophysical properties. It will thus serve the needs of those already active in the electronics field as well as new entrants to the industry. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n1. Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers \u003cbr\u003e2. Electrical Properties of Doped Conjugated Polymers \u003cbr\u003e3. Non Linear Optical Properties of Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e4. Luminescence Studies of Polymers \u003cbr\u003e5. Polymers for Light Emitting Diodes \u003cbr\u003e6. Photopolymers and Photoresists for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e7. Polymer Batteries for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e8. Polymer Microactuators \u003cbr\u003e9. Membranes for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e10. Conducting Polymer-Based Biosensors \u003cbr\u003e11. Nanoparticle-Dispersed Semiconducting Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e12. Polymers for Electronics \u003cbr\u003e13. Conducting Polymers in Molecular Electronics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nBansi Dhar Malhotra is Scientist-in-Charge at the Biomolecular Electronics \u0026amp; Conducting Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India. He is presently engaged in an R\u0026amp;D programme on conducting polymers, biosensors, Langmuir Blodgett films and molecular electronics. He is the author of more than 50 research papers and has been invited to speak at many international conferences."}
Handbook of Polymers, ...
$425.00
{"id":11242222020,"title":"Handbook of Polymers, 2nd Edition","handle":"978-1-895198-92-8","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-92-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2016\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 705\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all major polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry as well as specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011-2016. This underscores one of the major goals of this undertaking, which is to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information which is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eproblems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless they have been confirmed by recently conducted studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePresentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields which contain actual values are included for each individual polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RETECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFree enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVan der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photooxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize the performance of specialty polymers in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe hope that the results of our thorough search will be useful and that the data will be skillfully applied by users of this book or the benefit of their research and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualifies the book to be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:48-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:13:48-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2016","biodegradation","blends","book","chemical resistance","commercial polymers","environmental impact","flammability","material","mechanical and rheological properties","monomers","physical properties","polymeric materials","polymerization","processing","processing methods","structure","structures","synthesis","toxicity","weather stability"],"price":42500,"price_min":42500,"price_max":42500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378375172,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymers, 2nd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":42500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-895198-92-8","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-92-8.jpg?v=1499719966"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-92-8.jpg?v=1499719966","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356336369757,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-92-8.jpg?v=1499719966"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/978-1-895198-92-8.jpg?v=1499719966","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: George Wypych \u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-895198-92-8 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2016\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003ePages: 705\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all major polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry as well as specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011-2016. This underscores one of the major goals of this undertaking, which is to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information which is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eproblems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless they have been confirmed by recently conducted studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePresentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields which contain actual values are included for each individual polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RETECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFree enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at melting point, \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVan der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photooxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize the performance of specialty polymers in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe hope that the results of our thorough search will be useful and that the data will be skillfully applied by users of this book or the benefit of their research and applications. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualifies the book to be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\nGeorge Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp; development. He has published 17 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley \u0026amp; Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives (1st and 2nd Editions), PVC Degradation \u0026amp; Stabilization, PVC Formulary, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, Handbook of Biodeterioration, Biodegradation and Biostabilization, and Handbook of Polymers (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education."}
Handbook of Polymers, ...
$455.00
{"id":7336409235613,"title":"Handbook of Polymers, 3rd Edition","handle":"handbook-of-polymers-3rd-edition","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eISBN 978-1- 927885-95-6 \u003cbr\u003ePublication: January 2022\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 744+vi\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all primary polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry and specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011-2021. This underscores one of this undertaking's significant goals: to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range, and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information that is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical problems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless recently conducted studies have confirmed them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields that contain actual values are included for each polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RTECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at the melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photoxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing that such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize specialty polymers' performance in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe hope that our thorough search of data will be useful and that users of this book will skillfully apply the data to benefit their research and applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualifies the book to be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\u003cbr\u003ePolymeric materials used in electronics require special sets of data for various applications. These materials are the most frequently compounded plastics, containing suitable additives to achieve the required set of properties. Those who are interested in these materials should also consider the recently published Handbook of Polymers in Electronics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2022-03-31T21:01:23-04:00","created_at":"2022-03-31T20:57:34-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2022","best","book","material","Materials","polymer","polymers"],"price":45500,"price_min":45500,"price_max":45500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":42165789098141,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polymers, 3rd Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":45500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":-3,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1- 927885-95-6","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885956-Case.png?v=1648774870"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885956-Case.png?v=1648774870","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":24734620844189,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885956-Case.png?v=1648774870"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885956-Case.png?v=1648774870","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eISBN 978-1- 927885-95-6 \u003cbr\u003ePublication: January 2022\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 744+vi\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all primary polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry and specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data included in the Handbook of Polymers come from open literature (published articles, conference papers, and books), literature available from manufacturers of various grades of polymers, plastics, and finished products, and patent literature. The above sources were searched, including the most recent literature. It can be seen from the references that a large portion of the data comes from information published in 2011-2021. This underscores one of this undertaking's significant goals: to provide readers with the most up-to-date information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrequently, data from different sources vary in a broad range, and they have to be reconciled. In such cases, values closest to their average and values based on testing of the most current grades of materials are selected to provide readers with information that is characteristic of currently available products, focusing on the potential use of data in solving practical problems. In this process of verification, many older data were rejected unless recently conducted studies have confirmed them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe presentation of data for all polymers is based on a consistent pattern of data arrangement, although, depending on data availability, only data fields that contain actual values are included for each polymer. The entire scope of the data is divided into sections to make data comparison and search easy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe data are organized into the following sections:\u003cbr\u003e• General (Common name, IUPAC name, ACS name, Acronym, CAS number, EC number, RTECS number, Linear formula)\u003cbr\u003e• History (Person to discover, Date, Details)\u003cbr\u003e• Synthesis (Monomer(s) structure, Monomer(s) CAS number(s), Monomer(s) molecular weight(s), Monomer(s) expected purity(ies), Monomer ratio, Degree of substitution, Formulation example, Method of synthesis, Temperature of polymerization, Time of polymerization, Pressure of polymerization, Catalyst, Yield, Activation energy of polymerization, Free enthalpy of formation, Heat of polymerization, Initiation rate constant, Propagation rate constant, Termination rate constant, Chain transfer rate constant, Inhibition rate constant, Polymerization rate constant, Method of polymer separation, Typical impurities, Typical concentration of residual monomer, Number average molecular weight, Mn, Mass average molecular weight, Mw, Polydispersity, Mw\/Mn, Polymerization degree, Molar volume at 298K, Molar volume at the melting point, Van der Waals volume, Radius of gyration, End-to-end distance of unperturbed polymer chain, Degree of branching, Type of branching, Chain-end groups)\u003cbr\u003e• Structure (Crystallinity, Crystalline structure, Cell type (lattice), Cell dimensions, Unit cell angles, Number of chains per unit cell, Crystallite size, Spacing between crystallites, Polymorphs, Tacticity, Cis content, Chain conformation, Entanglement molecular weight, Lamellae thickness, Heat of crystallization, Rapid crystallization temperature, Avrami constants, k\/n)\u003cbr\u003e• Commercial polymers (Some manufacturers, Trade names, Composition information)\u003cbr\u003e• Physical properties (Density, Bulk density, Color, Refractive index, Birefringence, Molar polarizability, Transmittance, Haze, Gloss, Odor, Melting temperature, Softening point, Decomposition temperature, Fusion temperature, Thermal expansion coefficient, Thermal conductivity, Glass transition temperature, Specific heat capacity, Heat of fusion, Calorific value, Maximum service temperature, Long term service temperature, Temperature index (50% tensile strength loss after 20,000 h\/5000 h), Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, Heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Vicat temperature VST\/A\/50, Vicat temperature VST\/B\/50, Start of thermal degradation, Enthalpy, Acceptor number, Donor number, Hansen solubility parameters, dD, dP, dH, Molar volume, Hildebrand solubility parameter, Surface tension, Dielectric constant at 100 Hz\/1 MHz, Dielectric loss factor at 1 kHz, Relative permittivity at 100 Hz, Relative permittivity at 1 MHz, Dissipation factor at 100 Hz, Dissipation factor at 1 MHz, Volume resistivity, Surface resistivity, Electric strength K20\/P50, d=0.60.8 mm, Comparative tracking index, CTI, test liquid A, Comparative tracking index, CTIM, test liquid B, Arc resistance, Power factor, Coefficient of friction, Permeability to nitrogen, Permeability to oxygen, Permeability to water vapor, Diffusion coefficient of nitrogen, Diffusion coefficient of oxygen, Diffusion coefficient of water vapor, Contact angle of water, Surface free energy, Speed of sound, Acoustic impedance, Attenuation)\u003cbr\u003e• Mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, Tensile stress at yield, Tensile creep modulus, 1000 h, elongation 0.5 max, Elongation, Tensile yield strain, Flexural strength, Flexural modulus, Elastic modulus, Compressive strength, Young's modulus, Tear strength, Charpy impact strength, Charpy impact strength, notched, Izod impact strength, Izod impact strength, notched, Shear strength, Tenacity, Abrasion resistance, Adhesive bond strength, Poisson's ratio, Compression set, Shore A hardness, Shore D hardness, Rockwell hardness, Ball indention hardness at 358 N\/30 S, Shrinkage, Brittleness temperature, Viscosity number, Intrinsic viscosity, Mooney viscosity, Melt viscosity, shear rate=1000 s-1, Melt volume flow rate, Melt index, Water absorption, Moisture absorption)\u003cbr\u003e• Chemical resistance (Acid dilute\/concentrated, Alcohols, Alkalis, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Esters, Greases \u0026amp; oils, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Ketones, Theta solvent, Good solvent, Non-solvent)\u003cbr\u003e• Flammability (Flammability according to UL-standard; thickness 1.6\/0.8 mm, Ignition temperature, Autoignition temperature, Limiting oxygen index, Heat release, NBS smoke chamber, Burning rate (Flame spread rate), Char, Heat of combustion, Volatile products of combustion)\u003cbr\u003e• Weather stability (Spectral sensitivity, Activation wavelengths, Excitation wavelengths, Emission wavelengths, Activation energy of photoxidation, Depth of UV penetration, Important initiators and accelerators, Products of degradation, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Biodegradation (Typical biodegradants, Stabilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Toxicity (NFPA: Health, Flammability, Reactivity rating, Carcinogenic effect, Mutagenic effect, Teratogenic effect, Reproductive toxicity, TLV, ACGIH, NIOSH, MAK\/TRK, OSHA, Acceptable daily intake, Oral rat, LD50, Skin rabbit, LD50)\u003cbr\u003e• Environmental impact (Aquatic toxicity, Daphnia magna, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Bluegill sunfish, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Fathead minnow, LC50, 48 h, Aquatic toxicity, Rainbow trout, LC50, 48 h, Mean degradation half-life, Toxic products of degradation, Biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Chemical oxygen demand, Theoretical oxygen demand, Cradle to grave non-renewable energy use)\u003cbr\u003e• Processing (Typical processing methods, Preprocess drying: temperature\/time\/residual moisture, Processing temperature, Processing pressure, Process time, Additives used in final products, Applications, Outstanding properties)\u003cbr\u003e• Blends (Suitable polymers, Compatibilizers)\u003cbr\u003e• Analysis (FTIR (wavenumber-assignment), Raman (wavenumber-assignment), NMR (chemical shifts), x-ray diffraction peaks)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt can be anticipated from the above breakdown of information that the Handbook of Polymers contains information on all essential data used in practical applications, research, and legislation, providing that such data are available for a particular material. In total, over 230 different types of data were searched for each individual polymer. The last number does not include special fields that might be added to characterize specialty polymers' performance in their applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWe hope that our thorough search of data will be useful and that users of this book will skillfully apply the data to benefit their research and applications.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe contents, scope, treatment of the data (comparison of data from different sources and their qualification), and novelty of the data qualifies the book to be found on the desk of anyone working with polymeric materials.\u003cbr\u003ePolymeric materials used in electronics require special sets of data for various applications. These materials are the most frequently compounded plastics, containing suitable additives to achieve the required set of properties. Those who are interested in these materials should also consider the recently published Handbook of Polymers in Electronics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Handbook of Polyuretha...
$350.00
{"id":8694779642013,"title":"Handbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates","handle":"handbook-of-polyurethanes-polyureas-and-polyisocyanurates","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-092-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2026\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 530\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 320\u003cbr\u003eTables: 80\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates\u003c\/b\u003e begins with an \u003cb\u003eintroduction\u003c\/b\u003e defining key terms for understanding these versatile materials' chemistry and applications. Following this, a \u003cb\u003ehistorical timeline\u003c\/b\u003e provides context by tracing the development of polyurethanes from their inception to present-day innovations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook focuses heavily on the \u003cb\u003eraw materials for polyurethane synthesis\u003c\/b\u003e. It explores various \u003cb\u003eisocyanates\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003epolyols\u003c\/b\u003e, detailing their chemical properties and roles in creating diverse polymer structures. The section also discusses \u003cb\u003eamines, solvents, catalysts,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eadditives\u003c\/b\u003e that enhance the synthesis process, including \u003cb\u003eprepolymers\u003c\/b\u003e, which serve as intermediates in production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe text delves into \u003cb\u003etypical methods of synthesis\u003c\/b\u003e, examining the \u003cb\u003emechanisms of catalysis\u003c\/b\u003e that speed up reactions, factors affecting \u003cb\u003ereaction rates\u003c\/b\u003e, and potential \u003cb\u003eside reactions\u003c\/b\u003e that can occur during polymerization. This leads to a discussion on the \u003cb\u003estructures of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes\u003c\/b\u003e, highlighting how these configurations influence the physical and chemical properties of the final products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eUnderstanding polyurethanes' domain morphology and crystalline structure is crucial, as these factors play a significant role in phase separation and hydrogen bonding, which impact material performance. The handbook also details \u003cb\u003etypical methods for analyzing polyurethanes\u003c\/b\u003e, allowing for assessment of their characteristics and qualities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe following is a comprehensive review of the physical-mechanical properties of polyurethanes, addressing attributes such as elasticity, tensile strength, and thermal stability. The interactions between polyurethanes and various \u003cb\u003esubstrates\u003c\/b\u003e are also explored, highlighting their compatibility in different applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eDegradation mechanisms, including thermal, UV, and chemical degradation, and strategies for polyurethane stabilization to enhance durability are critically examined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook discusses the creation of \u003cb\u003epolyurethane blends\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003einterpenetrating networks\u003c\/b\u003e, which can combine different material properties for improved performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eAn extensive section on \u003cb\u003eadditives\u003c\/b\u003e used with polyurethanes covers a wide range of substances, such as \u003cb\u003eplasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003epigments\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003eflame retardants\u003c\/b\u003e, and many others, each contributing to specific attributes in the final product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe chapter on \u003cb\u003epolyurethane processing\u003c\/b\u003e outlines essential techniques, including \u003cb\u003emetering, mixing,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003estorage\u003c\/b\u003e, which are vital for efficient production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eIn terms of applications, the handbook provides a thorough overview of the myriad uses of polyurethanes, from \u003cb\u003eautomotive parts\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003ebedding\u003c\/b\u003e to \u003cb\u003emedical devices\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003epackaging\u003c\/b\u003e, emphasizing the properties and formulations unique to each application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook underscores the importance of health and safety by offering guidelines for safely handling and using polyurethane materials. Finally, it addresses \u003cb\u003ewaste disposal, processing,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003erecycling\u003c\/b\u003e strategies, promoting environmentally responsible practices in the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThis summary encapsulates the core themes and topics of the handbook, providing an overview of what readers can expect from each section. The table of contents also includes concise information about the contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eHere are some suggestions for potential users of the \"Handbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates\":\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Researchers and Academics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To gain comprehensive knowledge of polyurethane synthesis, properties, and applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a reference for literature reviews, experimental designs, and foundational understanding in materials science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Chemists and Material Scientists\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To explore polyurethanes' chemical and physical properties and their raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For guidance on material selection, synthesis techniques, and formulation development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Industrial Engineers and Process Designers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To understand the processing methods and operational parameters for manufacturing polyurethane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a resource for optimizing production processes and enhancing product quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Product Development Teams\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To develop new polyurethane-based products across various industries (e.g., automotive, construction, medical).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For insights on additives, formulation strategies, and application-specific properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Quality Control and Assurance Professionals\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To ensure the quality and performance of polyurethane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a guide for analytical methods and testing protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Environmental Scientists and Sustainability Experts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To understand the environmental impact of polyurethane production and disposal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For strategies on waste management, recycling, and sustainable practices in the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Health and Safety Officers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To establish safety protocols and ensure compliance with regulations when handling polyurethanes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For guidelines on safe practices and material safety data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Students and Educators\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To learn about polymer science and materials engineering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a textbook or supplementary resource for coursework and research projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Consultants and Industry Experts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To provide informed advice to companies on polyurethane applications and innovations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a comprehensive source for current knowledge and trends in polyurethane technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Manufacturers of Polyurethane Products\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To stay updated on the latest developments and best practices in polyurethane technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For insights into formulation, processing, and application methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Introduction – definition of terms\u003cbr\u003e2. Historical timeline\u003cbr\u003e3. Raw materials for polyurethane synthesis\u003cbr\u003ea. Isocyanates\u003cbr\u003eb. Polyols\u003cbr\u003ec. Amines\u003cbr\u003ed. Non-isocyanate synthesis components (cyclic carbonates and amines)\u003cbr\u003ee. Solvents\u003cbr\u003ef. Catalysts\u003cbr\u003eg. Blocking agents\u003cbr\u003eh. Other additives\u003cbr\u003e4. Typical methods of synthesis\u003cbr\u003ea. Mechanisms of catalysis\u003cbr\u003eb. Reaction rates\u003cbr\u003ec. Side reactions (allophanates, biurets, carbodiimides, and dimers)\u003cbr\u003e5. Structures of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e6. Domain morphology\u003cbr\u003e7. Crystalline structure, phase separation, and hydrogen bonding\u003cbr\u003e8. Typical methods of polyurethane analysis\u003cbr\u003e9. Physical-mechanical properties of polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e10. Interaction with other materials (substrates\u003cbr\u003e11. Polyurethane degradation\u003cbr\u003ea. Thermal\u003cbr\u003eb. UV\u003cbr\u003ec. Chemical\u003cbr\u003e12. Polyurethane stabilization\u003cbr\u003e13. Polyurethane blends and interpenetrating networks\u003cbr\u003e14. Additives used with polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003ea. Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eb. Pigments \u003cbr\u003ec. Blowing agents\u003cbr\u003ed. Surfactants \u003cbr\u003ee. Adhesion promoters\u003cbr\u003ef. Rheological additives\u003cbr\u003eg. Fillers and nanofillers \u003cbr\u003eh. Flame retardants\u003cbr\u003ei. Antibacterial additives\u003cbr\u003e15. Polyurethane processing\u003cbr\u003ea. Prepolymers processing\u003cbr\u003eb. Storage \u003cbr\u003ec. Metering\u003cbr\u003ed. Mixing \u003cbr\u003e16. Applications, properties, and formulations\u003cbr\u003ea. 3D printing\u003cbr\u003eb. Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003ec. Appliances\u003cbr\u003ed. Artificial leather\u003cbr\u003ee. Automotive\u003cbr\u003ef. Bedding \u003cbr\u003eg. Building and construction\u003cbr\u003eh. Carpet underlay\u003cbr\u003ei. Coatings and paints\u003cbr\u003ej. Composite wood\u003cbr\u003ek. Electrical and electronics\u003cbr\u003el. Fiber and textiles\u003cbr\u003em. Flooring\u003cbr\u003en. Foams \u003cbr\u003eo. Footwear \u003cbr\u003ep. Furniture\u003cbr\u003eq. Marine\u003cbr\u003er. Roofing\u003cbr\u003es. Medical\u003cbr\u003et. Packaging\u003cbr\u003eu. Pharmaceutical \u003cbr\u003ev. Reaction injection molding\u003cbr\u003ew. Seals and gaskets\u003cbr\u003ex. Shape memory\u003cbr\u003ey. Sporting equipment\u003cbr\u003ez. Straps \u003cbr\u003eaa. Tires\u003cbr\u003ebb. Waterproofing\u003cbr\u003e17. Health and safety\u003cbr\u003e18. Waste disposal, processing, and recycling\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp;amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp;amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","published_at":"2025-11-14T09:38:00-05:00","created_at":"2025-08-27T11:55:11-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2026","book","electronics","new","nucleating agent","nucleating agents"],"price":35000,"price_min":35000,"price_max":35000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":47159612407965,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":null,"requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":35000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1-77467-092-7","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670927-Case.jpg?v=1763131068"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670927-Case.jpg?v=1763131068","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":32417817723037,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.656,"height":450,"width":295,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670927-Case.jpg?v=1763131068"},"aspect_ratio":0.656,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/files\/9781774670927-Case.jpg?v=1763131068","width":295}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: George Wypych\u003cbr\u003eISBN 978-1-77467-092-7 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePublished: 2026\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePages: 530\u003cbr\u003eFigures: 320\u003cbr\u003eTables: 80\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe \u003cb\u003eHandbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates\u003c\/b\u003e begins with an \u003cb\u003eintroduction\u003c\/b\u003e defining key terms for understanding these versatile materials' chemistry and applications. Following this, a \u003cb\u003ehistorical timeline\u003c\/b\u003e provides context by tracing the development of polyurethanes from their inception to present-day innovations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook focuses heavily on the \u003cb\u003eraw materials for polyurethane synthesis\u003c\/b\u003e. It explores various \u003cb\u003eisocyanates\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003epolyols\u003c\/b\u003e, detailing their chemical properties and roles in creating diverse polymer structures. The section also discusses \u003cb\u003eamines, solvents, catalysts,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eadditives\u003c\/b\u003e that enhance the synthesis process, including \u003cb\u003eprepolymers\u003c\/b\u003e, which serve as intermediates in production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe text delves into \u003cb\u003etypical methods of synthesis\u003c\/b\u003e, examining the \u003cb\u003emechanisms of catalysis\u003c\/b\u003e that speed up reactions, factors affecting \u003cb\u003ereaction rates\u003c\/b\u003e, and potential \u003cb\u003eside reactions\u003c\/b\u003e that can occur during polymerization. This leads to a discussion on the \u003cb\u003estructures of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes\u003c\/b\u003e, highlighting how these configurations influence the physical and chemical properties of the final products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eUnderstanding polyurethanes' domain morphology and crystalline structure is crucial, as these factors play a significant role in phase separation and hydrogen bonding, which impact material performance. The handbook also details \u003cb\u003etypical methods for analyzing polyurethanes\u003c\/b\u003e, allowing for assessment of their characteristics and qualities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe following is a comprehensive review of the physical-mechanical properties of polyurethanes, addressing attributes such as elasticity, tensile strength, and thermal stability. The interactions between polyurethanes and various \u003cb\u003esubstrates\u003c\/b\u003e are also explored, highlighting their compatibility in different applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eDegradation mechanisms, including thermal, UV, and chemical degradation, and strategies for polyurethane stabilization to enhance durability are critically examined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook discusses the creation of \u003cb\u003epolyurethane blends\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003einterpenetrating networks\u003c\/b\u003e, which can combine different material properties for improved performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eAn extensive section on \u003cb\u003eadditives\u003c\/b\u003e used with polyurethanes covers a wide range of substances, such as \u003cb\u003eplasticizers\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003epigments\u003c\/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003eflame retardants\u003c\/b\u003e, and many others, each contributing to specific attributes in the final product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe chapter on \u003cb\u003epolyurethane processing\u003c\/b\u003e outlines essential techniques, including \u003cb\u003emetering, mixing,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003estorage\u003c\/b\u003e, which are vital for efficient production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eIn terms of applications, the handbook provides a thorough overview of the myriad uses of polyurethanes, from \u003cb\u003eautomotive parts\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003ebedding\u003c\/b\u003e to \u003cb\u003emedical devices\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003epackaging\u003c\/b\u003e, emphasizing the properties and formulations unique to each application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThe handbook underscores the importance of health and safety by offering guidelines for safely handling and using polyurethane materials. Finally, it addresses \u003cb\u003ewaste disposal, processing,\u003c\/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003erecycling\u003c\/b\u003e strategies, promoting environmentally responsible practices in the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eThis summary encapsulates the core themes and topics of the handbook, providing an overview of what readers can expect from each section. The table of contents also includes concise information about the contents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003eHere are some suggestions for potential users of the \"Handbook of Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyisocyanurates\":\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Researchers and Academics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To gain comprehensive knowledge of polyurethane synthesis, properties, and applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a reference for literature reviews, experimental designs, and foundational understanding in materials science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Chemists and Material Scientists\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To explore polyurethanes' chemical and physical properties and their raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For guidance on material selection, synthesis techniques, and formulation development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Industrial Engineers and Process Designers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To understand the processing methods and operational parameters for manufacturing polyurethane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a resource for optimizing production processes and enhancing product quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Product Development Teams\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To develop new polyurethane-based products across various industries (e.g., automotive, construction, medical).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For insights on additives, formulation strategies, and application-specific properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Quality Control and Assurance Professionals\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To ensure the quality and performance of polyurethane products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a guide for analytical methods and testing protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Environmental Scientists and Sustainability Experts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To understand the environmental impact of polyurethane production and disposal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For strategies on waste management, recycling, and sustainable practices in the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Health and Safety Officers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To establish safety protocols and ensure compliance with regulations when handling polyurethanes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For guidelines on safe practices and material safety data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Students and Educators\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To learn about polymer science and materials engineering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a textbook or supplementary resource for coursework and research projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Consultants and Industry Experts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To provide informed advice to companies on polyurethane applications and innovations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: As a comprehensive source for current knowledge and trends in polyurethane technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Manufacturers of Polyurethane Products\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003ePurpose\u003c\/b\u003e: To stay updated on the latest developments and best practices in polyurethane technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse\u003c\/b\u003e: For insights into formulation, processing, and application methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNoSpacing\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Introduction – definition of terms\u003cbr\u003e2. Historical timeline\u003cbr\u003e3. Raw materials for polyurethane synthesis\u003cbr\u003ea. Isocyanates\u003cbr\u003eb. Polyols\u003cbr\u003ec. Amines\u003cbr\u003ed. Non-isocyanate synthesis components (cyclic carbonates and amines)\u003cbr\u003ee. Solvents\u003cbr\u003ef. Catalysts\u003cbr\u003eg. Blocking agents\u003cbr\u003eh. Other additives\u003cbr\u003e4. Typical methods of synthesis\u003cbr\u003ea. Mechanisms of catalysis\u003cbr\u003eb. Reaction rates\u003cbr\u003ec. Side reactions (allophanates, biurets, carbodiimides, and dimers)\u003cbr\u003e5. Structures of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003e6. Domain morphology\u003cbr\u003e7. Crystalline structure, phase separation, and hydrogen bonding\u003cbr\u003e8. Typical methods of polyurethane analysis\u003cbr\u003e9. Physical-mechanical properties of polyurethanes\u003cbr\u003e10. Interaction with other materials (substrates\u003cbr\u003e11. Polyurethane degradation\u003cbr\u003ea. Thermal\u003cbr\u003eb. UV\u003cbr\u003ec. Chemical\u003cbr\u003e12. Polyurethane stabilization\u003cbr\u003e13. Polyurethane blends and interpenetrating networks\u003cbr\u003e14. Additives used with polyurethanes \u003cbr\u003ea. Plasticizers \u003cbr\u003eb. Pigments \u003cbr\u003ec. Blowing agents\u003cbr\u003ed. Surfactants \u003cbr\u003ee. Adhesion promoters\u003cbr\u003ef. Rheological additives\u003cbr\u003eg. Fillers and nanofillers \u003cbr\u003eh. Flame retardants\u003cbr\u003ei. Antibacterial additives\u003cbr\u003e15. Polyurethane processing\u003cbr\u003ea. Prepolymers processing\u003cbr\u003eb. Storage \u003cbr\u003ec. Metering\u003cbr\u003ed. Mixing \u003cbr\u003e16. Applications, properties, and formulations\u003cbr\u003ea. 3D printing\u003cbr\u003eb. Adhesives and sealants\u003cbr\u003ec. Appliances\u003cbr\u003ed. Artificial leather\u003cbr\u003ee. Automotive\u003cbr\u003ef. Bedding \u003cbr\u003eg. Building and construction\u003cbr\u003eh. Carpet underlay\u003cbr\u003ei. Coatings and paints\u003cbr\u003ej. Composite wood\u003cbr\u003ek. Electrical and electronics\u003cbr\u003el. Fiber and textiles\u003cbr\u003em. Flooring\u003cbr\u003en. Foams \u003cbr\u003eo. Footwear \u003cbr\u003ep. Furniture\u003cbr\u003eq. Marine\u003cbr\u003er. Roofing\u003cbr\u003es. Medical\u003cbr\u003et. Packaging\u003cbr\u003eu. Pharmaceutical \u003cbr\u003ev. Reaction injection molding\u003cbr\u003ew. Seals and gaskets\u003cbr\u003ex. Shape memory\u003cbr\u003ey. Sporting equipment\u003cbr\u003ez. Straps \u003cbr\u003eaa. Tires\u003cbr\u003ebb. Waterproofing\u003cbr\u003e17. Health and safety\u003cbr\u003e18. Waste disposal, processing, and recycling\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eAbout Author\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eGeorge Wypych has PhD Eng. The professional expertise includes university teaching (full professor) and research \u0026amp;amp; development (university and corporate). He has published 56 books (PVC Plastisols, Wroclaw University Press; Polyvinylchloride Degradation, Elsevier; Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, Elsevier; Polymer Modified Textile Materials, Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons; Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Handbook of Fillers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Edition, ChemTec Publishing; Recycling of PVC, ChemTec Publishing; Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, Plastics Design Library, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 1. Properties 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Solvents, Vol. 2. Health \u0026amp;amp; Environment 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Plasticizers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antistatics, 1st and 2nd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release and Slip Additives, 1st , 2nd and 3rd Edition, ChemTec Publishing, Industrial Solvents in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (two editions), John Wiley \u0026amp;amp; Sons, PVC Degradation \u0026amp;amp; Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, ChemTec Publishing, The PVC Formulary, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostabilization, 1st and 2nd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Atlas of Material Damage, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Editions, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Solvents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Green Solvents, ChemTec Publishing (two editions), Self-healing Products (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Surface Modification Additives (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification (two editions), ChemTec Publishing, Graphene – Important Results and Applications, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers, ChemTec Publishing, Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Polymer Science and Technology, Impact of Award, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Antioxidants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of UV Stabilizers (two Editions), ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Flame Retardants, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Nucleating Agents, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymers in Electronics, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Impact Modifiers, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Rheological Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Databook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives, ChemTec Publishing, Functional Fillers (two editions), 2 databases (Solvents Database, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Edition and Database of Antistatics 1st and 2nd Edition, both by ChemTec Publishing), and 42 scientific papers and obtained 16 patents. He specializes in PVC, polymer additives, material durability, and the development of sealants and coatings. He was included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, and Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition of services to education.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}
Handbook of Recycling,...
$140.00
{"id":11242247044,"title":"Handbook of Recycling, 1st Edition","handle":"9780123964595","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Worrell and Reuter \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9780123964595 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eState-of-the-art for practitioners, analysts, and scientists\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Portrays recent and emerging technologies in metal recycling, by-product utilization, and management of post-consumer waste\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Uses life cycle analysis to show how to reclaim valuable resources from mineral and metallurgical wastes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Uses examples from current professional and industrial practice, with policy implications and economics, to present a real-world portrait useful to engineers and professionals as well as academics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn concept, this book is an Encyclopedia-style authoritative description of the various aspects of material reuse and recycling (including technology, policy, economics) by leading authors from around the globe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book resolves the problem of there currently (nor published in the past decade) being no single book that provides an authoritative review of the state-of-the-art in recycling. This book should resolve that, by providing a state-of-the-art review of all aspects of recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author's intention in writing this book was to provide the market with a basic textbook on recycling that could be used by students, scholars, and decision makers, as well as stakeholders in the recycling industry, for the next few years.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nList of Contributors\u003cbr\u003ePart I: Recycling in Context\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Recycling: A Key Factor for Resource Efficiency\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2. Definitions and Terminology\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Defining Recycling\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Materials and Products\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Applying the Product-Centric Approach—Metals\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3. Recycling in Context\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Metal Recycling Considerations and Technologies\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Defining Recycling Statistics\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Process Efficiencies and Recycling Rate Constraints\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Perspectives on Current Recycling Statistics\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4. Recycling Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Indium\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Other Examples of Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003e4.4 The Distant Future: Georgescu's Last Laugh?\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5. Theory and Tools of Physical Separation\/Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Recycling Process\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Particle Size\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Pulp Rheology\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Properties and Property Spaces\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Sampling\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Mass Balances and Process Dynamics\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Material Balancing\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Liberation\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Grade-Recovery Curves\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003ePart II: Recycling - Application \u0026amp; Technology\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6. Recycling of Steel\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Scrap Processing and Material Streams from Scrap Processing\u003cbr\u003e6.3 The Processes Used for Smelting Steel Scrap\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Trends in Quality of the Scrap Available for Steel Production\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Hindrances for Recycling—Tramp Elements\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Purification of Scrap\u003cbr\u003e6.7 To Live with Impurities\u003cbr\u003e6.8 Measures to Secure Sustainable Recycling of Steel\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7. Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Raw Material for Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Processes for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Challenges in Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8. Lead Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The Lead-Acid Battery\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Battery Preprocessing\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Smelting\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Alternative Approaches\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Refining\u003cbr\u003e8.7 Conclusions and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9. Zinc and Residue Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Zinc Oxide Production from Drosses\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Electric Arc Furnace Dust and Other Pb, Zn, Cu-containing Residues\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Zinc Recycling from Copper Industry Dusts\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Fuming of Slags from Lead Metallurgy\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10. Recycling of Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Precious Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Rare Earth Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Electronic Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Refractory Metals (Ferro-alloys Metals, Specialty Metals)\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Other Metals\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11. Recycling of Lumber\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Key Issues in Post-use Management of Wood\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Case Study Scenarios\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12. Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Important Facts about Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Stock Preparation for Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13. Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Use of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Mechanical Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Impact of Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eFurther Reading\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14. Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Types of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Glass Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e14.4 Glass Recovery for Reuse and Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.5 Reuse of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.6 Closed-Loop Recycling of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Environmental Benefits of Closed-Loop Recycling of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.8 The Growth of Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.9 Open-Loop Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.10 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 15. Textile Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e15.2 The Recycling Effort\u003cbr\u003e15.3 Export of Secondhand Clothing\u003cbr\u003e15.4 Conversion to New Products\u003cbr\u003e15.5 Conversion of Mattresses\u003cbr\u003e15.6 Conversion of Carpet\u003cbr\u003e15.7 Wipers\u003cbr\u003e15.8 Landfill and Incineration\u003cbr\u003e15.9 Diamonds\u003cbr\u003e15.10 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 16. Cementitious Binders Incorporating Residues\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e16.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Clinker Production: Process Flow, Alternative Fuels and Alternative Raw Materials\u003cbr\u003e16.3 From Clinker to Cement: Residues in Blended Cements\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Alternative Cements for the Future: Reducing the CO2 Footprint while Incorporating Residues\u003cbr\u003e16.5 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 17. Industrial By-products\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e17.1 What is a By-product?\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Major By-products and Their Generic Properties\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Where and How to Use By-products\u003cbr\u003e17.4 Technical and Environmental Requirements\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Concluding Remarks\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 18. Recovery of Metals from Different Secondary Resources (Waste)\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Production of Ferroalloys from Waste\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Recycling Concepts for Rare Earth Containing Magnets\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 19. Recycling of Carbon Fibers\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Carbon Fiber Recycling Processes\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Composites Remanufacturing\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Applications for Recycled Carbon Fibers and Composites\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Life-Cycle Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Further Challenges\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20. Recycling of Construction and Demolition Wastes\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e20.2 The Existing Low-Cost Housing Technologies\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Earth\/Mud Building\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Prefabrication Method\u003cbr\u003e20.5 Lightweight Foamed or Cellular Concrete Technology\u003cbr\u003e20.6 Stabilized Earth Brick Technology\u003cbr\u003e20.7 Case Study\u003cbr\u003e20.8 Cost-Effectiveness of Using Low-Cost Housing Technologies\u003cbr\u003e20.9 Recycling Technologies and Practice\u003cbr\u003e20.10 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 21. Recycling of Packaging\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Packaging Waste\u003cbr\u003e21.3 Composition\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Recovery and Recycling\u003cbr\u003e21.5 Recovery and Collection Schemes\u003cbr\u003e21.6 Concluding Remarks\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eFurther Reading\u003cbr\u003eChapter 22. Material-Centric (Aluminum and Copper) and Product-Centric (Cars, WEEE, TV, Lamps, Batteries, Catalysts) Recycling and DfR Rules\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e22.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e22.2 Material-Centric Recycling: Aluminum and Copper\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Product-Centric Recycling: Complex Sustainability Enabling and Consumer Products\u003cbr\u003e22.4 Recycling Complex Multimaterial Consumer Goods: A Product-Centric Approach\u003cbr\u003e22.5 Automotive Recycling\/Recycling of ELVs Including Automotive Battery Recycling\u003cbr\u003e22.6 Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment\u003cbr\u003e22.7 Recycling of Lighting\u003cbr\u003e22.8 Technology for Recycling of Batteries and Catalysts\u003cbr\u003e22.9 Design for Recycling and Resource Efficiency\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 23. Separation of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e23.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e23.2 The Circular Process for Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.3 The Preconditions for Sorting Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.4 Collection System of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.5 Sorting of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.6 Sorting Installation\u003cbr\u003e23.7 Sorting Process\u003cbr\u003e23.8 Recycling Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e23.9 The Future\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eChapter 24. Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e24.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e24.2 Existing Recycled Aggregate Concrete Applications\u003cbr\u003e24.3 Existing Concrete Recycling Methods\u003cbr\u003e24.4 Cost and Benefit Analysis\u003cbr\u003e24.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 25. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e25.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e25.2 Objectives of WEEE Management\u003cbr\u003e25.3 WEEE Take-Back Schemes\u003cbr\u003e25.4 Long-term Trends\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 26. Developments in Collection of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e26.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e26.2 Definition of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.3 Quantities of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.4 Quality of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.5 Management of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003ePart III: Strategy and Policy\u003cbr\u003eChapter 27. From Recycling to Eco-design\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e27.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e27.2 Principle of Material Design for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e27.3 Eco-design Strategies for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e27.4 Is Recycling Really Less Impactful on the Environment?\u003cbr\u003e27.5 Current Limits for Eco-design for Recycling Strategies\u003cbr\u003e27.6 Market Demand\u003cbr\u003e27.7 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 28. Recycling and Labeling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e28.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e28.2 Functional Needs Analysis\u003cbr\u003e28.3 Bibliographical Research on the Polymer Labeling Processes\u003cbr\u003e28.4 First Results of Detection Tests with Polypropylene Samples\u003cbr\u003e28.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 29. Informal Waste Recycling in Developing Countries\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e29.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e29.2 Defining the Informal Sector\u003cbr\u003e29.3 Informal Solid Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e29.4 Informal e-Waste Recycling\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 30. Squaring the Circular Economy: The Role of Recycling within a Hierarchy of Material Management Strategies\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e30.1 Is a Circular Economy Possible or Desirable?\u003cbr\u003e30.2 Hierarchies of Material Conservation\u003cbr\u003e30.3 When is Recycling Not the Answer?\u003cbr\u003e30.4 Discussion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 31. The Economics of Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e31.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e31.2 Economic Trends and Drivers\u003cbr\u003e31.3 Environmental and Social Costs and Benefits\u003cbr\u003e31.4 Economic Instruments\u003cbr\u003e31.5 Conclusions and Discussion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 32. Geopolitics of Resources and Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e32.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e32.2 Resources, Scarcity and Geopolitics\u003cbr\u003e32.3 Recycling in the Geopolitical Context\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 33. Recycling in Waste Management Policy\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e33.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e33.2 A Brief History of Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e33.3 Integrating Recycling in Waste Management Policy Design\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 34. Voluntary and Negotiated Agreements\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e34.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e34.2 Experiences in Recycling Policy\u003cbr\u003e34.3 Lessons Learned\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 35. Economic Instruments\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e35.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e35.2 Criteria to Compare Policy Instruments\u003cbr\u003e35.3 Basic Environmental Policy Instruments Aimed at Stimulating Recycling\u003cbr\u003e35.4 Incentives for Upstream Green Product Design\u003cbr\u003e35.5 Multiproduct and Mixed Waste Streams\u003cbr\u003e35.6 EPR and Recycling Certificates\u003cbr\u003e35.7 Durable Goods\u003cbr\u003e35.8 Imperfect Competition in Product and Recycling Markets\u003cbr\u003e35.9 Policy Instruments in an International Market for Waste and Materials\u003cbr\u003e35.10 Recycling and Nonrenewable Resources in a Macro Economic Perspective\u003cbr\u003e35.11 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 36. Information Instruments\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e36.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e36.2 Target Groups\/Audience\u003cbr\u003e36.3 Communication Tools\u003cbr\u003e36.4 Messaging: Information and Communication\u003cbr\u003e36.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 37. Regulatory Instruments: Sustainable Materials Management, Recycling, and the Law\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e37.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e37.2 Resource Efficiency and Waste Strategy—The Blurb\u003cbr\u003e37.3 The EU Framework Directive on Waste, and Its View on Recovery and Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1. Physical Separation 101\u003cbr\u003eA1.1 Breakage\u003cbr\u003eA1.2 Size Classification\u003cbr\u003eA1.3 Screens\u003cbr\u003eA1.4 Dynamic Separators\u003cbr\u003eA1.5 Gravity Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.6 Water Media Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.7 Dense Media Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.8 Flotation\u003cbr\u003eA1.9 Magnetic Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.10 Eddy Current Separation\u003cbr\u003eA1.11 Electrostatic Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.12 Sorting\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2. Thermodynamics 101\u003cbr\u003eA2.1 On the Consumption and Availability of Metals\u003cbr\u003eA2.2 Recycling and Extractive Metallurgy: An Energy Issue\u003cbr\u003eA2.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Devil: An Entropy Issue\u003cbr\u003eA2.4 Chemical Thermodynamics and Reaction Equilibrium\u003cbr\u003eA2.5 On the Stability of Oxides and Other Metal-Containing Minerals\u003cbr\u003eA2.6 The Carbon Tragedy\u003cbr\u003eA2.7 H2 is an Alternative Reductor\u003cbr\u003eA2.8 Very Stable Oxides\u003cbr\u003eA2.9 About Solutions and Desired Purity Levels\u003cbr\u003eA2.10 Some Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3. Life-Cycle Assessment\u003cbr\u003eA3.1 Life-Cycle Assessment\u003cbr\u003eA3.2 Life-Cycle Assessment in the Mining and Metallurgy\u003cbr\u003eA3.3 LCA and Multimetal Output\u003cbr\u003eA3.4 End-of-Life Treatment in the LCA Context\u003cbr\u003eA3.5 Case Studies on LCA Results for Multimetal Outputs\u003cbr\u003eA3.6 Summary and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eIndex","published_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:05-04:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:05-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2013","automotive recycling","batteries","book","composite recycling","metal recycling","plastics recycling","recycling","textiles"],"price":14000,"price_min":14000,"price_max":14000,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378460548,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Recycling, 1st Edition","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":14000,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"9780123964595","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780123964595.jpg?v=1499471882"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780123964595.jpg?v=1499471882","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356338073693,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.671,"height":499,"width":335,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780123964595.jpg?v=1499471882"},"aspect_ratio":0.671,"height":499,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9780123964595.jpg?v=1499471882","width":335}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAuthor: Worrell and Reuter \u003cbr\u003eISBN 9780123964595 \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eState-of-the-art for practitioners, analysts, and scientists\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eKey Features\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Portrays recent and emerging technologies in metal recycling, by-product utilization, and management of post-consumer waste\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Uses life cycle analysis to show how to reclaim valuable resources from mineral and metallurgical wastes\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Uses examples from current professional and industrial practice, with policy implications and economics, to present a real-world portrait useful to engineers and professionals as well as academics\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDescription\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn concept, this book is an Encyclopedia-style authoritative description of the various aspects of material reuse and recycling (including technology, policy, economics) by leading authors from around the globe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book resolves the problem of there currently (nor published in the past decade) being no single book that provides an authoritative review of the state-of-the-art in recycling. This book should resolve that, by providing a state-of-the-art review of all aspects of recycling.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe author's intention in writing this book was to provide the market with a basic textbook on recycling that could be used by students, scholars, and decision makers, as well as stakeholders in the recycling industry, for the next few years.\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nList of Contributors\u003cbr\u003ePart I: Recycling in Context\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1. Recycling: A Key Factor for Resource Efficiency\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2. Definitions and Terminology\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Defining Recycling\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Materials and Products\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Applying the Product-Centric Approach—Metals\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3. Recycling in Context\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e3.2 Metal Recycling Considerations and Technologies\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Defining Recycling Statistics\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Process Efficiencies and Recycling Rate Constraints\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Perspectives on Current Recycling Statistics\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4. Recycling Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e4.2 Indium\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Other Examples of Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003e4.4 The Distant Future: Georgescu's Last Laugh?\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5. Theory and Tools of Physical Separation\/Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Recycling Process\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Particle Size\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Pulp Rheology\u003cbr\u003e5.4 Properties and Property Spaces\u003cbr\u003e5.5 Sampling\u003cbr\u003e5.6 Mass Balances and Process Dynamics\u003cbr\u003e5.7 Material Balancing\u003cbr\u003e5.8 Liberation\u003cbr\u003e5.9 Grade-Recovery Curves\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003ePart II: Recycling - Application \u0026amp; Technology\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6. Recycling of Steel\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e6.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Scrap Processing and Material Streams from Scrap Processing\u003cbr\u003e6.3 The Processes Used for Smelting Steel Scrap\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Trends in Quality of the Scrap Available for Steel Production\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Hindrances for Recycling—Tramp Elements\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Purification of Scrap\u003cbr\u003e6.7 To Live with Impurities\u003cbr\u003e6.8 Measures to Secure Sustainable Recycling of Steel\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 7. Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Raw Material for Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Processes for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Challenges in Copper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 8. Lead Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e8.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e8.2 The Lead-Acid Battery\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Battery Preprocessing\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Smelting\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Alternative Approaches\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Refining\u003cbr\u003e8.7 Conclusions and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 9. Zinc and Residue Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Zinc Oxide Production from Drosses\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Electric Arc Furnace Dust and Other Pb, Zn, Cu-containing Residues\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Zinc Recycling from Copper Industry Dusts\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Fuming of Slags from Lead Metallurgy\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 10. Recycling of Rare Metals\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e10.1 Precious Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Rare Earth Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Electronic Metals\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Refractory Metals (Ferro-alloys Metals, Specialty Metals)\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Other Metals\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 11. Recycling of Lumber\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e11.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Background\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Key Issues in Post-use Management of Wood\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Case Study Scenarios\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 12. Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e12.1 Important Facts about Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003e12.2 Stock Preparation for Paper Recycling\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 13. Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e13.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e13.2 Use of Plastics\u003cbr\u003e13.3 Plastic Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.4 Mechanical Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.5 Impact of Recycling\u003cbr\u003e13.6 Conclusions and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eFurther Reading\u003cbr\u003eChapter 14. Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e14.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e14.2 Types of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.3 Glass Manufacture\u003cbr\u003e14.4 Glass Recovery for Reuse and Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.5 Reuse of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.6 Closed-Loop Recycling of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.7 Environmental Benefits of Closed-Loop Recycling of Glass\u003cbr\u003e14.8 The Growth of Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.9 Open-Loop Glass Recycling\u003cbr\u003e14.10 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 15. Textile Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e15.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e15.2 The Recycling Effort\u003cbr\u003e15.3 Export of Secondhand Clothing\u003cbr\u003e15.4 Conversion to New Products\u003cbr\u003e15.5 Conversion of Mattresses\u003cbr\u003e15.6 Conversion of Carpet\u003cbr\u003e15.7 Wipers\u003cbr\u003e15.8 Landfill and Incineration\u003cbr\u003e15.9 Diamonds\u003cbr\u003e15.10 Summary\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 16. Cementitious Binders Incorporating Residues\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e16.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e16.2 Clinker Production: Process Flow, Alternative Fuels and Alternative Raw Materials\u003cbr\u003e16.3 From Clinker to Cement: Residues in Blended Cements\u003cbr\u003e16.4 Alternative Cements for the Future: Reducing the CO2 Footprint while Incorporating Residues\u003cbr\u003e16.5 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 17. Industrial By-products\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e17.1 What is a By-product?\u003cbr\u003e17.2 Major By-products and Their Generic Properties\u003cbr\u003e17.3 Where and How to Use By-products\u003cbr\u003e17.4 Technical and Environmental Requirements\u003cbr\u003e17.5 Concluding Remarks\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 18. Recovery of Metals from Different Secondary Resources (Waste)\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e18.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e18.2 Production of Ferroalloys from Waste\u003cbr\u003e18.3 Recycling Concepts for Rare Earth Containing Magnets\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 19. Recycling of Carbon Fibers\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e19.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e19.2 Carbon Fiber Recycling Processes\u003cbr\u003e19.3 Composites Remanufacturing\u003cbr\u003e19.4 Applications for Recycled Carbon Fibers and Composites\u003cbr\u003e19.5 Life-Cycle Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers\u003cbr\u003e19.6 Further Challenges\u003cbr\u003e19.7 Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20. Recycling of Construction and Demolition Wastes\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e20.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e20.2 The Existing Low-Cost Housing Technologies\u003cbr\u003e20.3 Earth\/Mud Building\u003cbr\u003e20.4 Prefabrication Method\u003cbr\u003e20.5 Lightweight Foamed or Cellular Concrete Technology\u003cbr\u003e20.6 Stabilized Earth Brick Technology\u003cbr\u003e20.7 Case Study\u003cbr\u003e20.8 Cost-Effectiveness of Using Low-Cost Housing Technologies\u003cbr\u003e20.9 Recycling Technologies and Practice\u003cbr\u003e20.10 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 21. Recycling of Packaging\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e21.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e21.2 Packaging Waste\u003cbr\u003e21.3 Composition\u003cbr\u003e21.4 Recovery and Recycling\u003cbr\u003e21.5 Recovery and Collection Schemes\u003cbr\u003e21.6 Concluding Remarks\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eFurther Reading\u003cbr\u003eChapter 22. Material-Centric (Aluminum and Copper) and Product-Centric (Cars, WEEE, TV, Lamps, Batteries, Catalysts) Recycling and DfR Rules\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e22.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e22.2 Material-Centric Recycling: Aluminum and Copper\u003cbr\u003e22.3 Product-Centric Recycling: Complex Sustainability Enabling and Consumer Products\u003cbr\u003e22.4 Recycling Complex Multimaterial Consumer Goods: A Product-Centric Approach\u003cbr\u003e22.5 Automotive Recycling\/Recycling of ELVs Including Automotive Battery Recycling\u003cbr\u003e22.6 Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment\u003cbr\u003e22.7 Recycling of Lighting\u003cbr\u003e22.8 Technology for Recycling of Batteries and Catalysts\u003cbr\u003e22.9 Design for Recycling and Resource Efficiency\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 23. Separation of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e23.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e23.2 The Circular Process for Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.3 The Preconditions for Sorting Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.4 Collection System of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.5 Sorting of Large Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e23.6 Sorting Installation\u003cbr\u003e23.7 Sorting Process\u003cbr\u003e23.8 Recycling Efficiency\u003cbr\u003e23.9 The Future\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eChapter 24. Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e24.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e24.2 Existing Recycled Aggregate Concrete Applications\u003cbr\u003e24.3 Existing Concrete Recycling Methods\u003cbr\u003e24.4 Cost and Benefit Analysis\u003cbr\u003e24.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 25. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e25.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e25.2 Objectives of WEEE Management\u003cbr\u003e25.3 WEEE Take-Back Schemes\u003cbr\u003e25.4 Long-term Trends\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 26. Developments in Collection of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e26.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e26.2 Definition of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.3 Quantities of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.4 Quality of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003e26.5 Management of Municipal Solid Waste\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003ePart III: Strategy and Policy\u003cbr\u003eChapter 27. From Recycling to Eco-design\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e27.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e27.2 Principle of Material Design for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e27.3 Eco-design Strategies for Recycling\u003cbr\u003e27.4 Is Recycling Really Less Impactful on the Environment?\u003cbr\u003e27.5 Current Limits for Eco-design for Recycling Strategies\u003cbr\u003e27.6 Market Demand\u003cbr\u003e27.7 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 28. Recycling and Labeling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e28.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e28.2 Functional Needs Analysis\u003cbr\u003e28.3 Bibliographical Research on the Polymer Labeling Processes\u003cbr\u003e28.4 First Results of Detection Tests with Polypropylene Samples\u003cbr\u003e28.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 29. Informal Waste Recycling in Developing Countries\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e29.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e29.2 Defining the Informal Sector\u003cbr\u003e29.3 Informal Solid Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e29.4 Informal e-Waste Recycling\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 30. Squaring the Circular Economy: The Role of Recycling within a Hierarchy of Material Management Strategies\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e30.1 Is a Circular Economy Possible or Desirable?\u003cbr\u003e30.2 Hierarchies of Material Conservation\u003cbr\u003e30.3 When is Recycling Not the Answer?\u003cbr\u003e30.4 Discussion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 31. The Economics of Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e31.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e31.2 Economic Trends and Drivers\u003cbr\u003e31.3 Environmental and Social Costs and Benefits\u003cbr\u003e31.4 Economic Instruments\u003cbr\u003e31.5 Conclusions and Discussion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 32. Geopolitics of Resources and Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e32.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e32.2 Resources, Scarcity and Geopolitics\u003cbr\u003e32.3 Recycling in the Geopolitical Context\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 33. Recycling in Waste Management Policy\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e33.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e33.2 A Brief History of Waste Management\u003cbr\u003e33.3 Integrating Recycling in Waste Management Policy Design\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 34. Voluntary and Negotiated Agreements\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e34.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e34.2 Experiences in Recycling Policy\u003cbr\u003e34.3 Lessons Learned\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 35. Economic Instruments\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e35.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e35.2 Criteria to Compare Policy Instruments\u003cbr\u003e35.3 Basic Environmental Policy Instruments Aimed at Stimulating Recycling\u003cbr\u003e35.4 Incentives for Upstream Green Product Design\u003cbr\u003e35.5 Multiproduct and Mixed Waste Streams\u003cbr\u003e35.6 EPR and Recycling Certificates\u003cbr\u003e35.7 Durable Goods\u003cbr\u003e35.8 Imperfect Competition in Product and Recycling Markets\u003cbr\u003e35.9 Policy Instruments in an International Market for Waste and Materials\u003cbr\u003e35.10 Recycling and Nonrenewable Resources in a Macro Economic Perspective\u003cbr\u003e35.11 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 36. Information Instruments\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e36.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e36.2 Target Groups\/Audience\u003cbr\u003e36.3 Communication Tools\u003cbr\u003e36.4 Messaging: Information and Communication\u003cbr\u003e36.5 Conclusion\u003cbr\u003eReferences\u003cbr\u003eChapter 37. Regulatory Instruments: Sustainable Materials Management, Recycling, and the Law\u003cbr\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e37.1 Introduction\u003cbr\u003e37.2 Resource Efficiency and Waste Strategy—The Blurb\u003cbr\u003e37.3 The EU Framework Directive on Waste, and Its View on Recovery and Recycling\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 1. Physical Separation 101\u003cbr\u003eA1.1 Breakage\u003cbr\u003eA1.2 Size Classification\u003cbr\u003eA1.3 Screens\u003cbr\u003eA1.4 Dynamic Separators\u003cbr\u003eA1.5 Gravity Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.6 Water Media Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.7 Dense Media Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.8 Flotation\u003cbr\u003eA1.9 Magnetic Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.10 Eddy Current Separation\u003cbr\u003eA1.11 Electrostatic Separations\u003cbr\u003eA1.12 Sorting\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 2. Thermodynamics 101\u003cbr\u003eA2.1 On the Consumption and Availability of Metals\u003cbr\u003eA2.2 Recycling and Extractive Metallurgy: An Energy Issue\u003cbr\u003eA2.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Devil: An Entropy Issue\u003cbr\u003eA2.4 Chemical Thermodynamics and Reaction Equilibrium\u003cbr\u003eA2.5 On the Stability of Oxides and Other Metal-Containing Minerals\u003cbr\u003eA2.6 The Carbon Tragedy\u003cbr\u003eA2.7 H2 is an Alternative Reductor\u003cbr\u003eA2.8 Very Stable Oxides\u003cbr\u003eA2.9 About Solutions and Desired Purity Levels\u003cbr\u003eA2.10 Some Conclusions\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eAppendix 3. Life-Cycle Assessment\u003cbr\u003eA3.1 Life-Cycle Assessment\u003cbr\u003eA3.2 Life-Cycle Assessment in the Mining and Metallurgy\u003cbr\u003eA3.3 LCA and Multimetal Output\u003cbr\u003eA3.4 End-of-Life Treatment in the LCA Context\u003cbr\u003eA3.5 Case Studies on LCA Results for Multimetal Outputs\u003cbr\u003eA3.6 Summary and Outlook\u003cbr\u003eReference\u003cbr\u003eIndex"}
Handbook of Rheologica...
$285.00
{"id":7336415821981,"title":"Handbook of Rheological Additives","handle":"handbook-of-rheological-additives","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eISBN 978-1- 927885-97-0 \u003cbr\u003ePublication: January 2022\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 240 + vi\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures: 38\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables: 30\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly a few books were ever published on rheological modifiers, with the last one published 20 years ago. This book contains all relevant research data on the subject available to date, and it is published together with the Databook of Rheological Additives, including data on commercial and generic additives used in the end-products available in the market.\u003cbr\u003eMore than 30 inorganic and organic groups of chemical compounds are in everyday use as rheological additives. These are characterized in tabular form in a special chapter designed for easy comparison of their main properties. \u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters of the Handbook discuss the essential theoretical knowledge required for proper selection and use of rheological additives. These include fundamental principles of rheology in relation to the application of rheological additives, the mechanisms of action of rheological additives, their effective methods of incorporation, and measuring techniques used in their assessment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplication aspects and selection of additives are discussed in separate sub-chapters devoted to 45 different polymers and 36 different groups of products. Here extensive use is being made of patent literature and research papers available for various applications. Discussed are also polymer processing methods that require rheological agents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book was designed with the following industries in mind, including coatings \u0026amp; paints, adhesives \u0026amp; sealants, cosmetics (personal care), household products, pharmaceutical, mortars, agriculture, cementitious products, various polymer processing methods (e.g., knife coating, dip coating, injection molding extrusion, rotational molding, etc.), printing inks, greases, lubricants, drilling fluids, oil spills, foam stabilization of surfactant systems, explosives, paper coatings, wood finishes, leather coatings, textile sizing, rubber industry, food products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIntroduction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 Properties of Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.1 Cellulose derivatives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.2 Fat and oil derivatives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.3 Inorganic \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.4 Polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.5 Polysaccharides \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.6 Protein \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3 Some Rheology Principles \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4 Mechanisms of Action of Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.1 Gelling \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.2 Egg-box model \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.3 Domain model \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.4 Fibril formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.5 Adsorption mechanism \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.6 Network formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.7 Thermogelation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.8 Hydration mechanism \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.9 Interaction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.10 Order-disorder and hydrocluster formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.11 Hydrogen bonding \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.12 Effect of low temperature on the mechanism of action of rheological additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 Effective Methods of Incorporation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6 Analytical Methods in Application to Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.1 Shear \u0026amp; oscillatory rheometry \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.2 Extensional rheology \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.3 Zeta potential \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.4 Particle size analysis \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.5 General methods \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7 Rheological Additives in Different Polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.1 Alkyd resins \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.2 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.3 Chlorobutyl rubber \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.4 Cyclic olefin copolymer \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.5 Cyanoacrylate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.6 Poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.7 Epoxy resin \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.8 Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.9 Liquid crystalline polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.10 Polyamide \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.11 Poly(acrylic acid) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.12 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.13 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.14 Polyaniline \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.15 Polybutadiene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.16 Poly(butylene terephthalate) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.17 Polycarbonate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.18 Poly(-caprolactone) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.19 Polydicyclopentadiene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.20 Polylysine \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.21 Polydimethylsiloxane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.22 Polyethylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.23 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.24 Polyetheretherketone \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.25 Perfluoropolyether \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.26 Polyhydroxybutyrate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.27 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.28 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.29 Polypropylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.30 Polypropylene glycol \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.31 Polyphenylsilsesquioxane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.32 Polyphenylenesulfone \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.33 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.34 Polypyrrole \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.35 Polystyrene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.37 Polyurethane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.38 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.39 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.42 Polyphosphazene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.43 Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.44 Urea-formaldehyde resin \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.45 Unsaturated polyester \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8 Use in Products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.1 Abrasives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.2 Adhesives \u0026amp; sealants \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.3 Agricultural products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.4 Animal feed\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.5 Automotive \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.6 Binders \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.7 Cables \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.8 Casting \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.9 Cementitious products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.10 Ceramics \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.11 Coatings \u0026amp; paints \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.12 Coil coating \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.13 Composites \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.14 Cosmetics \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.15 Explosives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.16 Foams \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.17 Food products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.18 Gels \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.19 Grease \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.20 Hand sanitizers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.21 Inks \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.22 Leather coating \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.23 Lubricants \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.24 Medical \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.25 Oil well drilling \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.26 Papermaking \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.27 Personal care products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.28 Pharmacological preparations \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.29 Primers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.30 Roofing products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.31 Rubber industry \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.32 Space \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.33 Stucco \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.34 Toners \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.35 Water treatment \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.36 Wood finishes and adhesives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Index\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","published_at":"2022-03-31T21:05:56-04:00","created_at":"2022-03-31T21:01:43-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2022","additives","book","rheology"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":42165801222301,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":false,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Rheological Additives","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":0,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"978-1- 927885-97-0","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885970-Case.png?v=1648775267"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885970-Case.png?v=1648775267","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":24734691197085,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"width":296,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885970-Case.png?v=1648775267"},"aspect_ratio":0.658,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/9781927885970-Case.png?v=1648775267","width":296}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wypych\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eISBN 978-1- 927885-97-0 \u003cbr\u003ePublication: January 2022\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePages: 240 + vi\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eFigures: 38\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eTables: 30\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly a few books were ever published on rheological modifiers, with the last one published 20 years ago. This book contains all relevant research data on the subject available to date, and it is published together with the Databook of Rheological Additives, including data on commercial and generic additives used in the end-products available in the market.\u003cbr\u003eMore than 30 inorganic and organic groups of chemical compounds are in everyday use as rheological additives. These are characterized in tabular form in a special chapter designed for easy comparison of their main properties. \u003cbr\u003eThe following chapters of the Handbook discuss the essential theoretical knowledge required for proper selection and use of rheological additives. These include fundamental principles of rheology in relation to the application of rheological additives, the mechanisms of action of rheological additives, their effective methods of incorporation, and measuring techniques used in their assessment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApplication aspects and selection of additives are discussed in separate sub-chapters devoted to 45 different polymers and 36 different groups of products. Here extensive use is being made of patent literature and research papers available for various applications. Discussed are also polymer processing methods that require rheological agents. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book was designed with the following industries in mind, including coatings \u0026amp; paints, adhesives \u0026amp; sealants, cosmetics (personal care), household products, pharmaceutical, mortars, agriculture, cementitious products, various polymer processing methods (e.g., knife coating, dip coating, injection molding extrusion, rotational molding, etc.), printing inks, greases, lubricants, drilling fluids, oil spills, foam stabilization of surfactant systems, explosives, paper coatings, wood finishes, leather coatings, textile sizing, rubber industry, food products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nIntroduction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2 Properties of Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.1 Cellulose derivatives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.2 Fat and oil derivatives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.3 Inorganic \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.4 Polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.5 Polysaccharides \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2.6 Protein \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3 Some Rheology Principles \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4 Mechanisms of Action of Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.1 Gelling \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.2 Egg-box model \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.3 Domain model \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.4 Fibril formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.5 Adsorption mechanism \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.6 Network formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.7 Thermogelation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.8 Hydration mechanism \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.9 Interaction \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.10 Order-disorder and hydrocluster formation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.11 Hydrogen bonding \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4.12 Effect of low temperature on the mechanism of action of rheological additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5 Effective Methods of Incorporation \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6 Analytical Methods in Application to Rheological Additives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.1 Shear \u0026amp; oscillatory rheometry \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.2 Extensional rheology \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.3 Zeta potential \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.4 Particle size analysis \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6.5 General methods \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7 Rheological Additives in Different Polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.1 Alkyd resins \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.2 Cellulose acetate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.3 Chlorobutyl rubber \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.4 Cyclic olefin copolymer \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.5 Cyanoacrylate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.6 Poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.7 Epoxy resin \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.8 Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.9 Liquid crystalline polymers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.10 Polyamide \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.11 Poly(acrylic acid) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.12 Polyacrylamide \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.13 Polyacrylonitrile \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.14 Polyaniline \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.15 Polybutadiene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.16 Poly(butylene terephthalate) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.17 Polycarbonate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.18 Poly(-caprolactone) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.19 Polydicyclopentadiene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.20 Polylysine \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.21 Polydimethylsiloxane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.22 Polyethylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.23 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.24 Polyetheretherketone \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.25 Perfluoropolyether \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.26 Polyhydroxybutyrate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.27 Poly(lactic acid) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.28 Polymethylmethacrylate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.29 Polypropylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.30 Polypropylene glycol \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.31 Polyphenylsilsesquioxane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.32 Polyphenylenesulfone \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.33 Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.34 Polypyrrole \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.35 Polystyrene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.36 Polytetrafluoroethylene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.37 Polyurethane \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.38 Polyvinylacetate \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.39 Polyvinylalcohol \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.40 Polyvinylchloride \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.41 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.42 Polyphosphazene \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.43 Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.44 Urea-formaldehyde resin \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e7.45 Unsaturated polyester \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8 Use in Products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.1 Abrasives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.2 Adhesives \u0026amp; sealants \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.3 Agricultural products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.4 Animal feed\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.5 Automotive \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.6 Binders \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.7 Cables \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.8 Casting \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.9 Cementitious products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.10 Ceramics \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.11 Coatings \u0026amp; paints \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.12 Coil coating \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.13 Composites \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.14 Cosmetics \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.15 Explosives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.16 Foams \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.17 Food products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.18 Gels \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.19 Grease \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.20 Hand sanitizers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.21 Inks \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.22 Leather coating \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.23 Lubricants \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.24 Medical \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.25 Oil well drilling \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.26 Papermaking \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.27 Personal care products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.28 Pharmacological preparations \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.29 Primers \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.30 Roofing products \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.31 Rubber industry \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.32 Space \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.33 Stucco \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.34 Toners \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.35 Water treatment \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e8.36 Wood finishes and adhesives \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e Index\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"}
Handbook of Solvents
$285.00
{"id":11242248580,"title":"Handbook of Solvents","handle":"1-895198-24-0","description":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su","published_at":"2018-02-16T11:01:03-05:00","created_at":"2017-06-22T21:15:10-04:00","vendor":"Chemtec Publishing","type":"Book","tags":["2001","acids","adsorption","aggregation","aldehydes","amine-amine","amines","amphoterism","binary solutions","brain","coating","coefficient","constant","contaminated air","degradation","dielectric","diffusion","dry-cleaning","drying rate","ecotoxicological","environment","equilibrium","esters","ethers","gas chromatography","H-acid-L-acid","Hamiltonian","handbook","Hansen solubility","health","Henry constant","Hildebrand","Hook law","hydrogen","in-door","industrial","ketons","kidneys","L-acids","latex","liquid","liquid-vapor","liver","lungs","mass transfer","nervous system","occupational","permeability","phenols","physico-chemical","pollution","recycling","regulations","residual solvents","rheology","solubility","solvent","solvents","spectrometer","technologies","toxic","unborn babies","volatilization","wastes","workers"],"price":28500,"price_min":28500,"price_max":28500,"available":true,"price_varies":false,"compare_at_price":null,"compare_at_price_min":0,"compare_at_price_max":0,"compare_at_price_varies":false,"variants":[{"id":43378467780,"title":"Default Title","option1":"Default Title","option2":null,"option3":null,"sku":"","requires_shipping":true,"taxable":true,"featured_image":null,"available":true,"name":"Handbook of Solvents","public_title":null,"options":["Default Title"],"price":28500,"weight":1000,"compare_at_price":null,"inventory_quantity":1,"inventory_management":null,"inventory_policy":"continue","barcode":"","requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_allocations":[],"quantity_rule":{"min":1,"max":null,"increment":1}}],"images":["\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"],"featured_image":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","options":["Title"],"media":[{"alt":null,"id":356342923357,"position":1,"preview_image":{"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"width":345,"src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657"},"aspect_ratio":0.767,"height":450,"media_type":"image","src":"\/\/chemtec.org\/cdn\/shop\/products\/1-895198-24-0.jpg?v=1499725657","width":345}],"requires_selling_plan":false,"selling_plan_groups":[],"content":"\u003ch5\u003eDescription\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor: Dr. George Wypych \u003cbr\u003e10-ISBN 1-895198-24-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13-ISBN 978-1-895198-24-9\u003cbr\u003ePages 1675, Figures 568, Tables 380, References 5184\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSummary\u003c\/h5\u003e\nAnnouncing the most comprehensive book on solvents \u003cbr\u003eThis book was written by a group of experts on various subjects of solvents' use, the fundamental principles governing their application, effect on health and environment, residual solvents in products, their concentration in industrial environments, current regulations, safer substitutes, non-emitting technologies of use, contamination cleanup, personal protection, and the most modern trends in future technology. The authors, who are the members of prestigious universities and industries from around the world, altogether have previously written 47 books and hundreds of papers on the subject and here they give a synthesis of their experiences and opinions on how best to change the global use of solvents in order to obtain benefits of technology and at the same time limit risk and health effects, and more. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most up-to-date information \u003cbr\u003eAll 25 chapters of this book were written between summer of 1999 and spring of 2000 and contain over 5000 references to source literature, enabling the user to find specific information on any subject related to solvents. The text is illustrated by figures and tables which compare in number with multi-volume encyclopedias. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNew concept of presentation and retrieval \u003cbr\u003eThe book contains a synthesis of a large sample of data and information to reveal fundamental principles which data helped to discover. The actual data on 1141 solvents are in the form of a searchable database on CD-ROM (see page 3 of this information). The database contains 110 categories of data (fields) and almost 40,000 single data entries, making it the largest extant database on solvents.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA book for everybody who deals with chemical materials \u003cbr\u003eIn addition to the unquestionable value of the book for those who deal with solvents, the book is invaluable for a much larger audience because many theoretical principles governing complex materials, e.g., polymers, blends, drug delivery systems, etc. were developed on models of simple materials such as solvents. The book contains analysis of over 30 industries. The book also contains information on solvent effect on most parts of the human body, e.g, brain, nervous system, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc., workers, unborn babies, in-door inhabitants, etc. It gives ideas to improve hundreds of technological process and materials on the market. This book contains information useful for readers at any level of previous knowledge and experience because of its comprehensiveness and expertly written, easily understandable text. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact changes \u003cbr\u003eThe authors of this book have rendered their expert and balanced opinions on how to make effective changes without losing benefits. This is an invaluable reference source which brings together in a single volume all fundamental aspects and the latest advances in solvent technology and products they are used for. This book should not be missed by these who deal with solvents and should be made available in reference sections of university, technical, and public libraries.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is divided into 25 chapters. The Introduction discusses the book's contents and the effective use of information. Chapters 2 to 13 contain information on various properties of solvents and solutions. Each chapter in this section of the book is focused on a specific set of solvent properties which determine its choice, effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents and the summary of their applications' effect on health and environment (given in tabulated form), swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, effect of solvents on rheology of solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, and conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, methods of application of solvent mixtures to enhance the range of their applicability, and effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe main emphasis in this part is on comprehensive treatment and ease of information use. The first goal was achieved by the selection of authors who are specialists in individual areas. The second goal was achieved by targeting the intended audience, which includes readers of different specializations who need to understand solvents from various relevant views of their applications and effects. This difficult task was fully embraced by the authors, who used their deep knowledge to write about all the important details with the clarity of non-specialized language. This makes this book unique because it allows all those involved in the area of solvents to understand the disciplines involved in this complex, multi-disciplinary subject. The additional goal was to present a synthesis of existing data for immediate use but leaving specific data to the database on CD-ROM which can handle a large amount of information with ease of retrieval. Chapter 14 discusses solvent use in 31 industries listed on the previous page. The analysis is conducted based on available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Chapter 15 contains information on all standard methods of solvent testing, with references to many national and international standards. In addition, several new specific methods involved in solvent testing are also discussed in-depth, such as breath monitoring, determination of toxicity, or application of gas chromatography to assess the influence of solvent and drying conditions on crystal texture of pharmaceutical products. Chapter 16 discusses residual solvents in pharmaceutical and other industrial products. Chapter 17 analyzes the environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in water, soil and air, fate-based management of solvent containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects. In chapter 18, concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries is discussed, based on results of studies conducted in the authors' extensive research practice, collectively spanning more than 2 decades. This results in a unique set of data, analysis of requirements, methods of testing and available remedies. Regulations legislating solvent use are discussed in detail in chapter 19, but other chapters have many specific references of importance for various industries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChapter 20 contains a set of analyses of solvent toxicology. This chapter was written by professors and scientists from major centers who study the effect of solvents on various aspects of human health, immediate reaction to solvent poisoning, and persistence of symptoms of solvent exposure. This is a very unique collection of observations which should be consulted by solvent users not only in industry but also those who inhale solvents emitted from products applied in in-door spaces. Chapter 21 deals with solvent substitution by safer materials. Here emphasis is placed on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, ionic melts, and alternative dry-cleaning technologies. Solvent recycling, removal from contaminated air, and degradation are discussed by experts in these technologies with regard to research and industry manufacturing equipment for safe methods of processing with solvents in Chapter 22. Chapter 23 discusses details of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. The book concludes with Chapter 24, which helps with the selection of gloves, suites and respirators for use with solvents, and Chapter 25, which discusses new trends in solvent use in various industries based on the most current patent literature. Overall, this book provides all the tools required to understand how to select solvents, use them with maximum benefits, and limit adverse effects on health and environment. In addition to specialists, who will be interested in this book, the benefit of this unique ensemble of information should be given to students who will determine the future of technology and the general public, who has right to know all aspects of health, safety and environmental impacts of various technologies today and who should understand as well the balance between the necessity of the proper application of solvents and possible options to limit their effect.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h5\u003e\nPreface \u003cbr\u003e1 INTRODUCTION \u003cbr\u003eChristian Reichardt, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e2 FUNDAMENTAL \u003cbr\u003ePRINCIPLES GOVERNING SOLVENTS USE \u003cbr\u003e2.1 Solvent effects on chemical systems Estanislao Silla, Arturo Arnau and 2.1 Iñaki Tuñón, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain \u003cbr\u003e2.1.1 Historical outline \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2 Classification of solute-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.1 Electrostatic \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.2 Polarization \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.3 Dispersion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.4 Repulsion \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.5 Specific interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.2.6 Hydrophobic interactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3 Modelling of solvent effects \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.1 Computer simulations\u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.2 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.3. Cavity surfaces \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.4 Supermolecule models \u003cbr\u003e2.1.3.5 Application example: glycine in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4 Thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of chemical reactions in solution \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.1 Solvent effects on chemical equilibria \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.2 Solvent effects on the rate of chemical reactions \u003cbr\u003e2.1.4.3 Example of application: addition of azide anion to tetrafuranosides \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.1.5 Solvent catalytic effects \u003cbr\u003e2.2 Molecular design of solvents Koichiro Nakanishi, Kurashiki Univ. Sci. \u0026amp; the Arts, Okayama, Japan \u003cbr\u003e2.2.1 Molecular design and molecular ensemble design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.2 From prediction to design \u003cbr\u003e2.2.3 Improvement in prediction method \u003cbr\u003e2.2.4 Role of molecular simulation \u003cbr\u003e2.2.5 Model system and paradigm for design Appendix. Predictive equation for the diffusion coefficient in dilute solution \u003cbr\u003e2.3 Basic physical and chemical properties of solvents George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e2.3.1 Molecular weight and molar volume \u003cbr\u003e2.3.2 Boiling and freezing points \u003cbr\u003e2.3.3 Specific gravity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.4 Refractive index \u003cbr\u003e2.3.5 Vapor density and pressure \u003cbr\u003e2.3.6 Solvent volatility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.7 Flash point \u003cbr\u003e2.3.8 Flammability limits \u003cbr\u003e2.3.9 Sources of ignition and autoignition temperature \u003cbr\u003e2.3.10 Heat of combustion (calorific value) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.11 Heat of fusion \u003cbr\u003e2.3.12 Electric conductivity \u003cbr\u003e2.3.13 Dielectric constant (relative permittivity) \u003cbr\u003e2.3.14 Occupational exposure indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.15 Odor threshold \u003cbr\u003e2.3.16 Toxicity indicators \u003cbr\u003e2.3.17 Ozone-depletion and creation potential \u003cbr\u003e2.3.18 Oxygen demand \u003cbr\u003e2.3.19 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e2.3.20 Other typical solvent properties and indicators\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3 PRODUCTION METHODS, PROPERTIES, AND MAIN APPLICATIONS \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.1 Definitions and solvent classification \u003cbr\u003e3.2 Overview of methods of solvent manufacture \u003cbr\u003e3.3 Solvent properties \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1 Hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.2 Halogenated hydrocarbons \u003cbr\u003e3.3.3 Nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitriles) \u003cbr\u003e3.3.4 Organic sulfur compounds \u003cbr\u003e3.3.5 Monohydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.6 Polyhydric alcohols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.7 Phenols \u003cbr\u003e3.3.8 Aldehydes \u003cbr\u003e3.3.9 Ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.10 Glycol ethers \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Ketones \u003cbr\u003e3.3.11 Acids \u003cbr\u003e3.3.12 Amines \u003cbr\u003e3.3.13 Esters \u003cbr\u003e3.3.14 Comparative analysis of all solvents \u003cbr\u003e3.4 Terpenes Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany \u003cbr\u003e3.4.1 Definitions and nomenclature \u003cbr\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence \u003cbr\u003e3.4.3 General \u003cbr\u003e3.4.4 Toxicology \u003cbr\u003e3.4.5 Threshold limit values \u003cbr\u003e4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING DISSOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e4.1 Simple solvent characteristics Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.1.1 Solvent power \u003cbr\u003e4.1.2 One-dimensional solubility parameter approach \u003cbr\u003e4.1.3 Multi-dimensional approaches \u003cbr\u003e4.1.4 Hansen's solubility \u003cbr\u003e4.1.5 Three-dimensional dualistic model \u003cbr\u003e4.1.6 Solubility criterion \u003cbr\u003e4.1.7 Solvent system design \u003cbr\u003e4.2 Effect of system variables on solubility Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e4.2.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e4.2.2 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.3 Flexibility of a polymer chain \u003cbr\u003e4.2.4 Crosslinking \u003cbr\u003e4.2.5 Temperature and pressure \u003cbr\u003e4.2.6 Methods of calculation of solubility based on thermodynamic principles \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 Polar solvation dynamics: Theory and simulations Abraham Nitzan, School of Chemistry,The Sackler Faculty of Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel \u003cbr\u003e4.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.3.2 Continuum dielectric theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.3 Linear response theory of solvation dynamics \u003cbr\u003e4.3.4 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: The simulation model \u003cbr\u003e4.3.5 Numerical simulations of solvation in simple polar solvents: Results and discussion \u003cbr\u003e4.3.6 Solvation in complex solvents \u003cbr\u003e4.3.7 Conclusions \u003cbr\u003e4.4 Methods for the measurement of solvent activity of polymer solutions Christian Wohlfarth, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Merseburg, Germany \u003cbr\u003e4.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.2 Necessary thermodynamic equations \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3 Experimental methods, equipment and data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1 Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.1 Experimental equipment and procedures for VLE-measurements \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.2 Primary data reduction \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.1.3 Comparison of experimental VLE-methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2 Other measurement methods \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.1 Membrane osmometry \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.2 Light scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.3 X-ray scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.4 Neutron scattering \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.5 Ultracentrifuge \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.6 Cryoscopy (freezing point depression of the solvent) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.7 Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) \u003cbr\u003e4.4.3.2.8 Swelling equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4 Thermodynamic models for the calculation of solvent activities of polymer solutions \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.1 Models for residual chemical potential and activity coefficient in the liquid phase \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.2 Fugacity coefficients from equations of state \u003cbr\u003e4.4.4.3 Comparison and conclusions \u003cbr\u003eAppendix 4.4A\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5 SOLUBILITY OF SELECTED SYSTEMS AND INFLUENCE OF SOLUTES \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.1 Experimental methods of evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers and solvents. Solubility parameters data Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1 Experimental evaluation of solubility parameters of liquids \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.1 Direct methods of evaluation of the evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.2 Indirect methods of evaluation of evaporation enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.3 Static and quasi-static methods of evaluation of pair pressure \u003cbr\u003e5.1.1.4 Kinetic methods \u003cbr\u003e5.1.2 Methods of experimental evaluation and calculation of solubility parameters of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2 Prediction of solubility parameter Nobuyuki Tanaka, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan \u003cbr\u003e5.2.1 Solubility parameter of polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2 Glass transition in polymers \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.1 Glass transition enthalpy \u003cbr\u003e5.2.2.2 Cp jump at the glass transition \u003cbr\u003e5.2.3 Prediction from thermal transition enthalpies \u003cbr\u003e5.3 Methods of calculation of solubility parameters of solvents and polymers Valery Yu. Senichev, Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia, \u003cbr\u003e5.4 Mixed solvents, a way to change the polymer solubility Ligia Gargallo and Deodato Radic, Facultad de Quimica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile \u003cbr\u003e5.4.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.4.2 Solubility-cosolvency phenomenon \u003cbr\u003e5.4.3 New cosolvents effects. Solubility behavior \u003cbr\u003e5.4.4 Thermodynamical description of ternary systems. Association equilibria theory of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.4.5 Polymer structure of the polymer dependence of preferential adsorption. polymer molecular weight and tacticity dependence of preferential adsorption \u003cbr\u003e5.5 The phenomenological theory of solvent effects in mixed solvent systems Kenneth A. Connors, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA \u003cbr\u003e5.5.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2 Theory \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.1 Principle \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.2 The intersolute effect: solute-solute interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.3 The solvation effect: solute-solvent interaction \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.4 The general medium effect: solvent-solvent interactions \u003cbr\u003e5.5.2.5 The total solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3 Applications \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.1 Solubility \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.2 Surface tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.3 Electronic absorption spectra \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.4 Complex formation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.5 Chemical kinetics \u003cbr\u003e5.5.3.6 Liquid chromatography \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4 Interpretations \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.1 Ambiguities and anomalies \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.2 A modified derivation \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.3 Interpretation of parameter estimates \u003cbr\u003e5.5.4.4 Confounding effects Solute-solute interactions Coupling of general medium and solvation effects The cavity surface area The role of interfacial tension \u003cbr\u003e5.5.5 Notes and References \u003cbr\u003e6 SWELLING \u003cbr\u003e6.1 Modern views on kinetics of swelling of crosslinked elastomers in solvents E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics; V. V. Tereshatov Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e6.1.2 Formulation of swelling for a plane elastomer layer \u003cbr\u003e6.1.3 Diffusion kinetics of plane layer swelling \u003cbr\u003e6.1.4 Experimental study of elastomer swelling kinetics \u003cbr\u003e6.2 Equilibrium swelling in binary solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry; E. Ya. Denisyuk, Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.3 Swelling data on crosslinked polymers in solvents Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e6.4 Influence of structure on equilibrium swelling Vasiliy V. Tereshatov, Valery Yu. Senichev, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia \u003cbr\u003e7 SOLVENT TRANSPORT PHENOMENA \u003cbr\u003e7.1 Introduction to diffusion, swelling, and drying George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e7.1.1 Diffusion \u003cbr\u003e7.1.2 Swelling \u003cbr\u003e7.1.3 Drying References \u003cbr\u003e7.2 Bubbles dynamics and boiling of polymeric solutions Semyon Levitsky, Negev Academic College of Engineering, Israel; Zinoviy Shulman, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Belarus \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1 Rheology of polymeric solutions and bubble dynamics \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.1 Rheological characterization of solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.1.2 Dynamic interaction of bubbles with polymeric liquid \u003cbr\u003e7.2.2 Thermal growth of bubbles in superheated solutions of polymers \u003cbr\u003e7.2.3 Boiling of macromolecular liquids \u003cbr\u003e7.3 Drying of coated film Seung Su Kim, SKC Co., Ltd., Chon-an City, Korea; Jae Chun Hyun, Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea \u003cbr\u003e7.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2 Theory for the drying \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.1 Simultaneous heat and mass transfer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.2 Liquid-vapor equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.3 Heat and mass transfer coefficient \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.4 Prediction of drying rate of coating \u003cbr\u003e7.3.2.5 Drying regimes: constant drying rate period (CDRP) and falling drying rate period (FDRP) \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3 Measurement of the drying rate of coated film \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.1 Thermo-gravimetric analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.2 Rapid scanning FT-IR spectrometer analysis \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.3 High-airflow drying experiment using flame ionization detector (FID) total hydrocarbon analyzer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.3.4 Measurement of drying rate in the production scale dryer \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4 Miscellaneous \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.1 Drying of coated film with phase separation \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2 Drying defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.1 Internal stress induced defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.2 Surface tension driven defects \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.2.3 Defects caused by air motion and others \u003cbr\u003e7.3.4.3 Control of lower explosive level (LEL) in a multiple zone dryer \u003cbr\u003e8 INTERACTIONS IN SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003eJacopo Tomasi, Benedetta Mennucci, Chiara Cappelli, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy \u003cbr\u003e8.1 Solvents and solutions as assemblies of interacting molecules \u003cbr\u003e8.2 Basic simplifications of the quantum model \u003cbr\u003e8.3 Cluster expansion \u003cbr\u003e8.4 Two-body interaction energy: the dimer \u003cbr\u003e8.4.1 Decomposition of the interaction energy of a dimer: variational approach The electrostatic term The induction term The exchange term The charge transfer term The dispersion term The decomposition of the interaction energy through a variational approach: a summary \u003cbr\u003e8.4.2 Basis set superposition error and counterpoise corrections \u003cbr\u003e8.4.3 Perturbation theory approach \u003cbr\u003e8.4.4 Modeling of the separate components The electrostatic term The induction term The dispersion term The exchange (or repulsion) term The other terms A conclusive view \u003cbr\u003e8.4.5 The relaxation of the rigid monomer constraint\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Three- and many-body interactions Screening many-body effects Effective interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.6 The variety of interaction potentials \u003cbr\u003e8.7 Theoretical and computing modeling of pure liquids and solutions \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1 Physical models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.1 Integral equation methods \u003cbr\u003e8.7.1.2 Perturbation theories \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2 Computer simulations \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.1 Car-Parrinello direct QM simulation \u003cbr\u003e8.7.2.2 Semi-classical simulations Molecular dynamics Monte Carlo QM\/MM \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3 Continuum models \u003cbr\u003e8.7.3.1 QM-BE methods: the effective Hamiltonian \u003cbr\u003e8.8 Practical applications of modeling Dielectric constant Thermodynamical properties Compressibilities Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients Shear viscosity \u003cbr\u003e8.9 Liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.1 The basic types of liquid surfaces \u003cbr\u003e8.9.2 Systems with a large surface\/bulk ratio \u003cbr\u003e8.9.3 Studies on interfaces using interaction potentials\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9 MIXED SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003eY. Y. Fialkov, V. L. Chumak, Department of Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e9.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e9.2 Chemical interaction between components in mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.2.1 Processes of homomolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.2 Conformic and tautomeric equilibrium. Reactions of isomerization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.3 Heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.2.4 Heteromolecular associate ionization \u003cbr\u003e9.2.5 Electrolytic dissociation (ionic association) \u003cbr\u003e9.2.6 Reactions of composition \u003cbr\u003e9.2.7 Exchange interaction \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8 Amphoterism of mixed solvent components \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.1 Amphoterism of hydrogen acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.2 Amphoterism of L-acids \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.3 Amphoterism in systems H-acid-L-acid \u003cbr\u003e9.2.8.4 Amphoterism in binary solutions amine-amine \u003cbr\u003e9.3 Physical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1 The methods of expression of mixed solvent compositions \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.1.4 Electrical conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2 Physical characteristics of the mixed solvents with chemical interaction between components \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.1 Permittivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.2 Viscosity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.3 Density, molar volume \u003cbr\u003e9.3.2.4 Conductivity \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3 Chemical properties of mixed solvents \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.1 Autoprotolysis constants \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.2 Solvating ability \u003cbr\u003e9.3.3.3 Donor-acceptor properties \u003cbr\u003e9.4 Mixed solvent influence on the chemical equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.1 General considerations \u003cbr\u003e9.4.2 Mixed solvent effect on the position of equilibrium of homomolecular association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.3 Mixed solvent influence on the conformer equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4 Solvent effect on the process of heteromolecular association \u003cbr\u003e9.4.4.1 Selective solvation. Resolvation \u003cbr\u003e9.4.5 Mixed solvent effect on the ion association process \u003cbr\u003e9.4.6 Solvent effect on exchange interaction processes Systems with non-associated reagents Systems with one associated participant of equilibrium Systems with two associated participants of equilibrium \u003cbr\u003e9.4.7 Mixed solvent effect on processes of complex formation \u003cbr\u003e9.5 The mixed solvent effect on the chemical equilibrium thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10 ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS \u003cbr\u003e10.1 General concept of acid-base interactions George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e10.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent acid-base interactions: relevance to the aggregation of PMMA S. Bistac, M. Brogly, Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces, ICSI - CNRS, Mulhouse, France \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1 Recent concepts in acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1 The nature of acid-base molecular interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.1 The original Lewis definitions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) approach to acid-base reactions \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.1.3 The case of hydrogen bonding \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2 Quantitative determination of acid-base interaction strength \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.1 Perturbation theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.2 Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) principle \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.3 Density functional theory \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.4 Effect of ionocity and covalency: Drago's concept \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.5 Effect of amphotericity of acid-base interaction: Gutmann's numbers \u003cbr\u003e10.2.1.2.6 Spectroscopic measurements: Fowkes' approach \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2 Effect of polymer\/solvent interactions on aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.1 Aggregation of stereoregular PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.2.2 Relation between the complexing power of solvents and their acid-base properties \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3 Influence of the nature of the solvent on the and -relaxations of conventional PMMA \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e10.2.3.2 Dielectric spectroscopy results \u003cbr\u003e10.2.4 Concluding remarks References10.3 Solvent effects based on pure solvent scales Javier Catalán, Departamento de Química Fisíca Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Introduction 10.3.1 The solvent effect and its dissection into general and specific contributions \u003cbr\u003e10.3.2 Characterization of a molecular environment with the aid of the probe\/homomorph model \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3 Single-parameter solvent scales: the Y, G, ET(30), , Z, R, , and S' scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.1 The solvent ionizing power scale or Y scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.2 The G values of Allerhand and Schleyer \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.3 The ET(30) scale of Dimroth and Reichardt \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.4 The Py scale of Dong and Winnick \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.5 The Z scale of Kosower \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.6 The R scale of Brooker \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.7 The scale of Dubois and Bienvenue \u003cbr\u003e10.3.3.8 The S' scale of Drago \u003cbr\u003e10.3.4 Solvent polarity: the SPP scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.5 Solvent basicity: the SB scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.6 Solvent acidity: the SA scale \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7 Applications of the pure SPP, SA and SB scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.1 Other reported solvents scales \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2 Treatment of the solvent effect \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.1 Spectroscopy \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.2 Kinetics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.3 Electrochemistry \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.2.4 Thermodynamics \u003cbr\u003e10.3.7.3 Mixtures of solvents. Understanding the preferential solvation model \u003cbr\u003e10.4 Acid-base equilibria in ionic solvents (ionic melts) Victor Cherginets, Institute for Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1 Acid-base definitions used for the description of donor-acceptor interactions in ionic media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.1 The Lewis definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.1.2 The Lux-Flood definition \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2 The features of ionic melts as media for acid-base interactions \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.1 Oxygen-less media \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.2 Oxygen-containing melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.2.3 The effect of the ionic solvent composition on acid-base equilibria \u003cbr\u003e10.4.3 Methods for estimations of acidities of solutions based on ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4 On studies of the homogeneous acid-base reactions in ionic melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.1 Nitrate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.2 Sulphate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.3 Silicate melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.4 The equimolar mixture KCl-NaCl \u003cbr\u003e10.4.4.5 Other alkaline halide melts \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5 Reactions of melts with gaseous acids and bases \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.1 High-temperature hydrolysis of molten halides \u003cbr\u003e10.4.5.2 The processes of removal of oxide admixtures from melts\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11 ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS \u003cbr\u003e11.1 Theoretical treatment of solvent effects on electronic and vibrational spectra of compounds in condensed media \u003cbr\u003eMati Karelson, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia \u003cbr\u003e11.1.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e11.1.2 Theoretical treatment of solvent cavity effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.3 Theoretical treatment of solvent electrostatic polarization on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.4 Theoretical treatment of solvent dispersion effects on electronic-vibrational spectra of molecules \u003cbr\u003e11.1.5 Supermolecule approach to the intermolecular interactions in condensed media \u003cbr\u003e11.2 Dielectric solvent effects on the intensity of light absorption and the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003eTai-ichi Shibuya, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan \u003cbr\u003e11.2.1 The Chako formula or the Lorentz-Lorenz correction \u003cbr\u003e11.2.2 The generalized local-field factor for the ellipsoidal cavity \u003cbr\u003e11.2.3 Dielectric solvent effect on the radiative rate constant \u003cbr\u003e12 OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS, SOLUTIONS, AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM SOLUTIONS \u003cbr\u003e12.1 Rheological properties, aggregation, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, and other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e12.1.1 Rheological properties \u003cbr\u003e12.1.2 Aggregation \u003cbr\u003e12.1.3 Permeability \u003cbr\u003e12.1.4 Molecular structure and crystallinity \u003cbr\u003e12.1.5 Other properties affected by solvents \u003cbr\u003e12.2 Chain conformations of polysaccharides in different solvents \u003cbr\u003eRanieri Urbani and Attilio Cesaro, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Italy \u003cbr\u003e12.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2 Structure and conformation of polysaccharides in solution \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.1 Chemical structure \u003cbr\u003e12.2.2.2 Solution chain conformation \u003cbr\u003e12.2.3 Experimental evidence of solvent effect on oligosaccharide conformational equilibria \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4 Theoretical evaluation of solvent effect on conformational equilibria of sugars \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.1 Classical molecular mechanics methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.4.2 Molecular dynamic methods \u003cbr\u003e12.2.5 Solvent effect on chain dimensions and conformations of polysaccharides \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6 Solvent effect on charged polysaccharides and the polyelectrolyte model \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.1 Experimental behavior of polysaccharides polyelectrolytes \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.2 The Haug and Smidsrød parameter: description of the salt effect on the chain dimension \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.3 The statistical thermodynamic counterion-condensation theory of Manning \u003cbr\u003e12.2.6.4 Conformational calculations of charged polysaccharides\u003cbr\u003e16 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS \u003cbr\u003e16.1 Residual solvents in various products \u003cbr\u003eGeorge Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Inc., Toronto, Canada \u003cbr\u003e16.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances \u003cbr\u003eMichel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthélémy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France \u003cbr\u003e16.2.1 Introduction \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2 Why should we look for RS? \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.1 Modifying the acceptability of the drug product \u003cbr\u003e16.2.2.2 Modifying the physico-chemical properties of drug su"}